印支造山带:Song Chay构造带

印支运动是二十世纪初法国地质学家根据越南北部晚三叠世大规模角度不整合所提出。越南北部的Song Chay构造带作为印支造山带概念的提出地,记录了大量经典的印支造山相关的信息,是理解印支造山带构造演化的关键地区。本文在课题组对Song Chay地区十多年研究基础上,结合前人研究成果,系统厘定了Song Chay构造带的几何空间格架、运动学特征及其演化过程。详细的野外地质考察表明,Song Chay构造带从SW向NE依次可以划分成:新生代的大象山单元、代表缝合带的Song Chay蛇绿混杂岩单元,以及越南东北部褶皱冲断系统。其中蛇绿混杂岩单元和褶皱冲断系统中发育NE-SW向矿物拉伸线理,并具有顶部向NE方向的剪切变形特征,指示了Song Chay洋壳向SW的俯冲以及向NE的逆冲过程。精确的年代学工作表明,Song Chay蛇绿混杂岩中斜长花岗岩的结晶年龄为356.4±2.9Ma,表明至少在早石炭世Song Chay洋就已经形成了成熟的大洋地壳。褶皱冲断带内部的低温年代学数据约束了顶部向NE的剪切变形年龄在250~245Ma之间,表明为华南和印支板块碰撞时间。另外,Song Chay蛇绿混杂岩基质中碎屑锆石物源研究表明,Song Chay蛇绿混杂岩基质中碎屑锆石主要是来自于俯冲的华南板块,只有很少一部分来自印支板块,因此推测Song Chay洋可能为一个十分有限的小洋盆。构造几何学、运动学以及碎屑锆石物源研究表明,在Song Chay构造带内的“滇-琼缝合带”两侧构造特征可对比,并未因“滇琼洋”的闭合而造成差异。因此,我们认为“滇-琼缝合带”并不能代表一个大洋。根据我们及前人的构造学、岩石学、年代学工作,建立了一个初步的Song Chay洋从晚石炭世至中三叠世的构造演化模型:(1)310~270Ma,Song Chay洋开始向SW俯冲到印支板块之下,此时岩浆弧并不发育,蛇绿混杂岩物源主要为华南板块;(2)270~250Ma,Song Chay洋继续俯冲,此时弧岩浆岩大量发育,蛇绿混杂岩同时接受弧岩浆岩及华南板块碎屑物质;(3)250~245Ma,Song Chay洋闭合,华南板块与印支板块碰撞;(4)245~230Ma,印支造山带进入碰撞后伸展阶段。

Economic significance and environmental impacts of the Song Dam Drinking Water Project(SDDWP)in Garhwal Himalaya

With the population growth through natural growth and migration,coupled with the city expansion,it is the fact that Dehradun City in India faces severe water scarcity.Therefore,the Song Dam Drinking Water Project(SDDWP)is proposed to provide ample drinking water to Dehradun City and its suburban areas.This paper examined economic significance and environmental impacts of the SDDWP in Garhwal Himalaya,India.To conduct this study,we collected data from both primary and secondary sources.There are 12 villages and 3 forest divisions in the surrounding areas of the proposed dam project,of which 3 villages will be fully submerged and 50 households will be affected.For this study,50 heads of the households were interviewed in the 3 submerged villages.The questions mainly focused on economic significance,environmental impacts,and rehabilitation issues of the dam project.The findings of this study indicate that economic significance of the dam project is substantial,including providing ample water for drinking and irrigation,contributing to groundwater recharge,creating job opportunities,and promoting the development of tourism and fisheries in the Doon Valley.In terms of the rehabilitation of the affected people,there are only 50 households in need of rehabilitation.Currently,the arable land of these affected people is not sufficient to sustain their livelihoods.The entire landscape is fragile,rugged,and precipitous;therefore,the affected people are willing to rehabilitate to more suitable areas in the Doon Valley.Moreover,it is essential to provide them with sufficient compensation packages including the compensation of arable land,houses,cash,common property resources,institutions,belongingness,and cultural adaptation.On the other hand,the proposed dam project will have adverse environmental impacts including arable land degradation,forest degradation,loss of fauna and flora,soil erosion,landslides,and soil siltation.These impacts will lead to the ecological imbalances in both upstream and downstream areas.This study suggests that the affected people should be given sufficient compensation packages in all respects.Afforestation programs can be launched in the degraded areas to compensate for the loss of forest in the affected areas.

Case Records as Medical Stories: A Song-dynasty Doctor’s Narration of His Own Medicine-Xu Shuwei (1080-1154)

The key point in studying or teaching the history of Chinese medicine is on the doctrines underlying it and on its perception of the body,physiology,pathology,and its treatment.Namely,there is often a tendency to focus on reading and analysing the classical canons and therapy-related texts including formularies and materia medica collections.However,focusing on these sources provides us with a one-sided presentation of Chinese medicine.These primary sources lack the clinical down-to-earth know-how that encompasses medical treatment,which are represented,for instance,in the clinical rounds of modern medical schools.Our traditional focus on the medical canons and formularies provides almost no clinical knowledge,leaving us with a one-sided narrative that ignores how medicine and healing are actually practiced in the field.This paper focuses on the latter aspect of medicine from a historical perspective.Using written and visual sources dating to the Song dynasty,clinical encounters between doctors and patients including their families are depicted based on case records recorded by a physician,members of the patient’s family,and bystanders.This array of case records or case stories will enable us to narrate the interaction between physicians and patients both from the clinical perspective and from the social interaction.This paper will also discuss visual depictions of the medical encounter to provide another perspective for narrating medicine during the Song dynasty.Medical case records and paintings depicting medical encounters are exemplary of the potential of Chinese primary sources for narrative medicine.

A Study on the Translation Strategies of Metaphors in Song Ci from the Perspective of Conceptual Metaphor

This article employs the theory of conceptual metaphor to conduct a thorough analysis and exploration of translation strategies for the metaphors in Song Ci. Ci, a treasure in ancient Chinese literature, makes frequent use of metaphor. Its unique form of expression and abundant artistic effects often create difficulties in translation. This study selects some representative metaphor examples from Song Ci to explore the patterns and strategies in the translation process. The study reveals that in face of the metaphors in Song Ci, translators need to comprehensively apply strategies such as retaining the metaphor, replacing the metaphor, and translating the literal meaning to ensure the quality of translation while restoring the aesthetic charm of the original metaphor.

On the Folk Song as the Symbol of Ethnic Identity

This paper investigates and explores how the folk song operates in the Bai society from the theoretical perspective of pragmatics.In order to explore the deep relationship between a kind of langue use and the symbol of ethnicity among ethnic group members,this empirical study is carried out in the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan province where the majority of the Bai concentrate.According to this field survey,it is found that the content and performance of the Bai folk song can serve as a form of social behavior as well as a symbol of ethnic identity.

Construction of the Genealogy of Eccentric Monks Based on the Historical Materials of Chan Buddhism in the Song Dynasty--From Enlightened Masters in Chan Buddhism,Sages,to Saints

Regarding the Chan Buddhism lamp records from the Song Dynasty and starting from Jing De Zhuan Deng Lu,the category of“enlightened masters in Chan Buddhism”禪門達者was listed separately,meaning a separate category was established for eccentric monks who pretended to be crazy,had unknown inheritance and miraculous deeds,and were difficult to classify.The following lamp records named this category of eccentric monks as“sages”散聖,or“saints”應化聖賢,which constructed another historical genealogy for the special Chan Buddhism eccentric monks.Moreover,the early lamp records included mostly idiosyncratic mad monks from previous dynasties.Since the Southern Song Dynasty,Chan Buddhism historical materials included many sages from the current dynasty.Therefore,this study mainly examines how the genealogy of Chan Buddhism eccentric monks was constructed in Song Dynasty Chan Buddhism lamp records,including quotations,and organizes the images of eccentric monks in the Song Dynasty,as written in Chan Buddhism historical materials,in order that the meaning of existence of these enlightened masters,sages,saints,etc.,included in the genealogy of Song Dynasty eccentric monks in the history of Chan Buddhism can be reflected.

The Impact of Contextual Teaching Method on Sichuan Folk Song Education and Students’Musical Expressiveness

This study explores the application of the contextual teaching method in Sichuan folk song education and its impact on students’musical expressiveness.By incorporating contextual teaching methods in music classes,this research investigates the effectiveness of this approach in enhancing students’understanding of Sichuan folk songs and improving their musical expressiveness and emotional expression.A mixed-method research approach is employed,utilizing classroom observations,questionnaires,interviews,and statistical analysis to assess the practical outcomes of contextual teaching in folk song education.

“冷盆”缫丝技术与阆中源考

四川省阆中市出土的“缫丝图铜摆件”被专家鉴定为宋代铸造,其展现的煮、缫分离的“冷盆”缫丝技术,乃现代缫丝工业技术之雏形,对于蚕丝品质的提升具有里程碑的意义。而现已出版的中国丝绸史书籍中将“冷盆”缫丝技术划归元代加以描述。文章对宋代前后缫车及缫丝工艺技术演变过程进行历史追溯和研究,对阆中从宋代至民国与“冷盆”缫丝相关的历史脉络进行梳理,以探究“冷盆”缫丝技术的渊源。研究表明,“冷盆”缫丝技术源于宋代,而“缫丝图铜摆件”所呈现的煮、缫分离的缫丝生产场景,与现有文献典籍及图考中所载“冷盆”缫丝高度契合,且三者互为映射,从而印证了阆中(古阆州)为宋代“冷盆”缫丝技术源流地。

现代歌词与新诗的不同起源——对新诗“学堂乐歌起源论”的反思

学堂乐歌是中国现代歌词的起源,但不应作为中国新诗的起源。白话歌词、白话诗、白话新诗虽然都使用白话,但“白话”的语境、内涵不同;学堂乐歌采用白话歌词,不一定是因为西洋曲调的引入。诗、乐分离带来现代歌词与新诗的门类和功能差异,不可混为一谈;学堂乐歌的教育性,很大程度上导致了学堂乐歌歌词的非诗性。对晚清诗界革命的传承,唱、读分化开启了现代歌词与新诗的两条道路。歌词的阅读与诗的阅读不能相提并论。中国现代诗乐的分离,是从学堂乐歌与五四新诗的分化开始的。

数字技术驱动下中国民歌变革及应对策略研究

数字科技的崛起对音乐创作和传播方式带来了革命性的变化,同时也对中国民歌的传承和发展提出了新的课题。本研究旨在深入探讨数字化发展对中国民歌的影响,包括作品表演形式与作品的传承与创新,并详细分析其所面临的挑战和机遇,提出相应的对策和建议。通过理论支持和实践指导,期望为传承和创新中国民歌作出积极贡献。

金代被俘军人张温的人生与心路

辽金时期朔州属于燕云十六州中的西部重镇,因其控遏雁门的军事地位,金宋战争期间成为双方争夺的对象。《张温墓志》描述了一位生长于此地的军人,在金初从军,后又被俘、回乡直至去世的完整生命历程。不同于大多军人墓志的是,《张温墓志》虽然在“报国”视角下展开叙述,却呈现出一位军人隐秘而又丰富的内心世界。张温的思想深处同时涵有儒释道三种文化因素,其中释、道反映了辽金之际南北不同的社会文化对他的熏染。尽管人生经历曲折,但张温能够在不同的社会环境中调整心境和变换身份,以此适应时代的变动,并在家乡朔州获得了一定的社会声望。通过探讨张温的人生经历与精神世界,可以了解这一时期北方普通军人的生存状态,也可窥见辽末至金中期晋北地区儒释道兼容的社会文化。

苏轼、苏辙《郭纶》诗史事发微

苏轼、苏辙兄弟早年同作有题为《郭纶》的诗文,都是为一介武官郭纶所写,全文既记述了其生平概况,也充分表达了同情之意。借助二苏诗文提供的线索,再结合有关史料记载,不仅这位职官不显的人物事迹得以还原,并且还进一步印证了宋仁宗时代西北边防的相关问题。苏轼、苏辙兄弟这些诗文表露的主旨,反映了其入仕前曾经对武臣的认识。及至他们从政后,因逐渐受到士大夫群体主流观念的影响,对武臣以及武功的态度遂发生了较大的变化。由此,也为观察苏轼兄弟二人的文武观及其变化提供了不可多得的切入点。

宋代湘江流域人口变迁研究

湘江流域地区的人口在宋代发生了巨大的变迁。在经济发展与移民迁入的影响下,湘江流域人口数量迎来了一次飞跃发展,变化趋势表现为快速上升,少量下降,再稳步上升。北宋时期,湘江流域的人口年均增长率始终排在全国前列,这一时期湘江流域人口发展速度非常快,南宋时期,湘江流域人口年均增长率大幅下降,人口增速减缓。湘江流域的人口分布与地区经济发展水平密切相关,到南宋末年,潭州、衡州、岳州等地因经济发展较好,人口密度高于其它各州。湘江流域的人口分布是不平衡的,人口稠密区起初集中在湘江干流河谷地带,南宋时期又转向了湘江中下游地区。

北宋前期的纳粟令格与富民捐输

北宋前期,每遇水旱饥馑等灾荒,宋政府通常会颁布纳粟令格。这些纳粟诏令,每每强调民户纳粟自愿。纳粟令格的覆盖范围,与受灾地域对应,灾伤州军的地理位置和战略位置不同,入粟起纳点亦有所区别。官府往往以纳粟令格为法定依据,以官爵、免役等优惠条件,劝诱富民赈济、赈粜或赈贷。对于纳粟令格,富民群体中既不乏主动响应者,又有不为所动者。从纳粟令格的内容来看,影响富民纳粟选择和官方劝分实效的因素有很多,譬如,纳粟人资格问题,入粟标准过高,赈济、赈粜、赈贷等赈灾方式的差异,恩泽宣敕中的“进纳”二字,等等。对此,宋朝廷的解决办法或是调整入粟标准,或是扩大纳粟主体,或是删去进纳制词中的“进纳”二字,等等。这些措施反映出宋政府在救灾问题上对于进纳财物的依赖,展示了宋代地方的受灾情况、财政状况、民间财富力量在社会经济关系中的重要程度,以及宋廷处理基层社会突发问题的方式方法。

宋代传统节日文化对民众生活的影响

传统节日凝结着特定的主题,也是在传统社会中所形成的时间系统。传统节日发展到宋代趋于定型。在宋代民众生活中,个人通过传统节日参与,学习并掌握生产生活知识,提高生存技能。家庭和家族通过节日里祭祖来传达亲人间的关爱,巩固人伦关系。商品经济的发展,进一步丰富和拓展了节日文化交流,对民众生活产生了深远影响。

西晋文学二题

西晋文学二题包含两个内容。一是皇甫谧杂考,重点讨论皇甫谧的生卒年。此问题与世传皇甫谧为左思《三都赋》作序有关,而皇甫谧是否为《三都赋》作序又关系到《三都赋》的写作年代,不可不辨。通过考证,《晋书》所载皇甫谧卒于太康三年(282年)可信,只是其年岁有误,其卒时最大为六十四岁,而世传皇甫谧为《三都赋》作序之说则不可信。二是慕容廆《阿干之歌》的考述。据《晋书》《魏书》载,慕容廆与吐谷浑因“二部马斗”事件导致兄弟嫌隙,甚至“因马而别”,吐谷浑遂率所部离开辽东,经阴山迁徙至今青海地区,与当地羌人错居融合,逐渐扩大势力。咸和四年(329年),其后人叶延正式建立了吐谷浑国。

论北宋士人园林的美学意蕴

北宋士人大多是兼具文人、学者、政治家多重身份的综合型人才。作为官员,他们大多心怀济世理想,先忧后乐,但这种理想落到现实中,往往是陷于官场争斗。因此,他们渴望在官场之外构筑一些私人空间以获得身心的宁静与自由,园林便是其中之一。首先,园林可以被视为官场名教之外的自然场所,士人在其中获得逍遥之乐。其次,园林按照写意的方式构建,处处体现了文人趣味。再次,通过对园林的建构与欣赏,士人实现了身份认同。从美学上讲,园林在士人生活中具有重要意义,诗文创作、书画欣赏等文化活动不仅展现了士人的文化素养和审美趣味,也成为其社会交往的重要组成部分。更重要的是,园林是士人构建身份认同和社会地位的工具,士人通过营造和体验这些私人空间,塑造并传播一种精英文化,在更广泛的社会层面引领审美潮流。

宋太祖“以孙为子”考辨——兼析王继恩等“谋立太祖之孙惟吉”传言

宋太祖尝将其年幼之孙(即德昭之子)迎入宫中抚育,并以孙为子,赐名德雍,与其父叔“联名”。太宗亦疑似存在同样情况。如此抚育皇室幼儿于宫中之事,其初衷似与太祖宋皇后、太宗李皇后未有子嗣相关。但此一“紊乱昭穆”之举,在宋初皇位授受之际产生微妙之影响,故太宗此后遂改德雍名为惟吉,恢复其皇侄孙身份。当太宗驾崩,王继恩等大臣谋阻止真宗继位而未成,但此后遂有其欲“谋立太祖之孙惟吉”之传言流布于世,神宗时与两宋之际分别发生的宗室异动事件,以及高宗选择太祖后裔继位,皆受此传言或显或隐之影响。

功能语法视角下英诗汉译的动静对比——以Pippa's Song及其汉译本为例

运用韩礼德功能语法的及物性分析方法,从原诗与译本的过程、参与者、环境等功能成分来分析维多利亚时代著名诗人罗伯特·布朗宁(Robert·Browning)的Pippa's Song及其两个汉译本中的及物性,可以呈现英诗及其对应汉译的动静状态。分析结果表明,在及物系统视角下刘正译本比宗白译本更忠实于原诗,更能够体现原诗的静态之美,因而说明及物性系统分析可以作为英诗汉译的一种评价标准。

Individual identification on the basis of the songs of the Asian Stubtail(Urosphena squameiceps)

We analyzed the songs of the Asian Stubtail (Urosphena squameiceps),a migratory passerine that breeds in northeast Asia.The possibility of individual identification of this species by songs was examined in a population in northern China during the breeding season of 2010.Individuality was determined using discriminant function analysis,artificial neural networks and spectrographic cross-correlation.Our results show that,the rate of correct classification is satisfactory in this species,regardless of methods.From an applied perspective,spectrographic cross-correlation is most suitable.Besides its maximum rate of correct classification (89.4％),it does not require measurements of spectrograms,which is a necessity other methods and may introduce artificial errors.We hope that our result of individual identification on the basis of acoustic signals may open up a new research venue for this species.