紫背金盘(Ajuga nipponensis)次生物质对桔全爪螨(Panonychus citri)的驱避作用

研究了紫背金盘Ajuga nipponensisMakino各溶剂提取物和部分化合物对桔全爪螨Panonychus citriMcGregor雌成螨及其产卵的驱避作用。结果表明,石油醚萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物具有较强的生物活性。在0.1 g.L-1时,石油醚和乙酸乙酯萃取物对该螨处理1d后的产卵忌避率分别为:84.86%、69.88%;2d后为89.49%、82.19%;对雌成螨驱避率分别为:85.08%、68.66%;2d后为50.96%、69.84%。乙酸乙酯萃取物经分离得到四类化合物,结果表明:馏分Ⅰ为长链脂肪酸混合物,具有较强生物活性,2000μg/ml和1000μg/ml处理1d后,产卵忌避率分别为:80.77%、74.77%;2d后为73.81%、72.59%。2000μg/ml处理1d后对雌成螨的驱避率为:69.88%;2d后为74.24%。刺槐素Ⅱ、新克罗烷化合物Ⅲ和β-蜕皮甾酮Ⅳ在2000μg/ml均不表现活性。对馏分Ⅰ中的4个主要化合物单体进行活性测定,结果表明:十六烷酸、十六烷酸甲酯、十六烷酸乙酯和十八烷酸甲酯在2000μg/ml处理时,1d后,产卵驱避率分别为:75.18%、61.76%、59.18%和66.49%;2d后产卵驱避率为:66.67%、31.15%、46.75%和44.84%;雌成螨驱避率分别为:1d后,67.53%、63.79%、59.26%和68.00;2d后,67.23%、43.96%、48.23%和64.19%。在1000μg/ml处理时,1d后,产卵驱避率分别为:59.21%、59.16%、57.02%和61.40%;1d后,雌成螨驱避率分别为:69.64%、61.43%、55.76%和64.00%。

国产唇形科筋骨草属(Ajuga)研究概况

筋骨草属(Ajuga)隶属于唇形科,共有40余种,广泛分布于欧亚大陆温带地区,我国产18种.该属植物的多种次生代谢产物具有药用价值和经济价值.综述了国产唇形科筋骨草属多种药用植物的药材鉴别、药用成分及其生物活性分析等方面的研究进展.

Pesticidal character of phytoecdysteroids from Ajuga multiflora Bunge (Labiatae) on larvae of Cryptorrhynchus lapathi L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Eight kinds of phytoecdysteroids extracted from different parts of Ajuga multiflora Bunge (Labiatae) that were collected from different places at different time were tested for killing effects on the 2-instar larvae of Cryptorrhynchus lapathi L by adding them to the artificial diet of larvae. The experimental results indicated that adding 1-3-mL phytoecdysteroids to the artificial diet could lead 58%-100% of 2-instar larvae of C. lapathi to death within 24 days. The phytoecdysteroids extracted from the whole plant of A. multiflora which was collected before flowering time were much more effective than those extracted from the plants collected at flowering and after flowering periods, and the modified mortality rate of larvae reached 65.22%, 85.07%, and 98.11% at the dosage level of 1-mL, 2-mL, and 3-mL extracts, respectively. The extract made from root of A. multiflora plant was more effective in killing efficiency than those from stem and leaves, and the average death rates of larvae were up to 100%, 98.20% and 98.32% at dosage levels of 1-mL, 2-mL, and 3-mL extracts, respectively. The killing speed of the extracted phytoecdysteroids was slower than that of triflumuron, hexaflumuron or deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate. The mortality rate of larvae is closely related to the feeding duration on the diets containing phytoecdysteroids. Feeding on the diets with addition of phytoecdysteroids for 16 days, more than 80% of treated 2-instar larvae of C. lapathi were led to death. The killing effect of the extracts was little affected by the growth areas of A. multiflora plant and the adding way to artificial diet.

基于UPLC特征图谱和含量测定的不同产地筋骨草质量评价

目的:建立筋骨草超高效液相色谱法(UPLC)特征图谱和其中哈巴苷、乙酰哈巴苷的含量测定方法。方法:采用Waters BEH C18色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm),以乙腈-甲醇(4∶1)为流动相A、0.2%磷酸水溶液为流动相B,梯度洗脱,流速为0.30 mL·min^(-1),柱温为30℃,检测波长为202 nm,进样量为2μL,建立筋骨草特征图谱,测定其中哈巴苷、乙酰哈巴苷的含量。结果:17批筋骨草特征图谱有10个共有峰,指认了其中4个成分分别为哈巴苷、乙酰哈巴苷、木犀草素-7-二葡萄糖苷酸、芹菜素-7-二葡萄糖苷酸;17批筋骨草中哈巴苷质量分数为0.33%~0.95%,乙酰哈巴苷质量分数为0.47%~1.93%。结论:建立的UPLC特征图谱和哈巴苷、乙酰哈巴苷含量测定方法可为筋骨草质量评价提供参考。

Antiarthritic effects of Ajuga bracteosa Wall ex Benth.in acute and chronic models of arthritis in albino rats

Objective:To evaluate the antiarthritic activity of Ajuga bracteosa using albino rats.Methods: The antiarthritic activity of 70%ethanolic extract of Ajuga bracteosa(EEAB) was evaluated against turpentine oil- and formaldehyde- induced acute non immunological and complete freund's adjuvant(CFA)-induced chronic immunological arthritis in albino rats.Results:EEAB showed a significant(P<0.05) and dose dependent inhibitory effect against acute and chronic models of arthritis.EEAB exhibited better antiarthritic activity than the standard aspirin.Conclusions: EEAB exhibits a significant and promising antiarthritic activity against acute and chronic arthritis and supports the traditional use of Ajuga bracteosa for rheumatism and other inflammatory diseases.

Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Ajuga nipponensis extract by ultrasonic-assisted extraction

Objective: To investigate suitable condition for extraction of the active components from Ajuga nipponensis(A. nipponensis). Methods: Orthogonal experimental design was used to determine the optimal extraction parameters for ecdysterones and flavonoids. Finally, the hepatoprotective abilities of A. nipponensis extracts were evaluated by CCl_4-induced animal models. Results:Maximum yields of flavonoids(7.87±0.10) mg/g and ecdysterones(0.73±0.02) mg/g could be obtained when the extraction time was 50 min, the extraction temperature was 60 ℃, and the ratio of sample to 70%(v/v) ethanol was 1:20(w/w). The antioxidant property of A. nipponensis was correlated to the concentration of its extracts. At 5 mg/m L, A. nipponensisextract scavenged 84.8% of DPPH radical and had absorbance values of 2.43±0.04 reducing power. Upon CCl_4-induced liver injury, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase decreased significantly after the mice were treated with A. nipponensis. Histological researches also explained that A. nipponensis reduced the extent of liver lesions induced by CCl_4. Conclusions: A. nipponensis exhibited potent antioxidant activity in chemical experimental models and hepatoprotective effect against CCl_4-induced liver damage.

Inhibitory activities of extracts of Rumex dentatus, Commelina benghalensis, Ajuga bracteosa, Ziziphus mauritiana as well as their compounds of gallic acid and emodin against dengue virus

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effects against dengue virus serotype 2(DENV-2) by five different fractions(extracted by methanol, ethanol, benzene, chloroform and n-hexane) of Rumex dentatus, Commelina benghalensis, Ajuga bracteosa and Ziziphus mauritiana, as well as their constituents(gallic acid, emodin, and isovanillic acid). Methods: All the samples were tested for cytotoxicity on baby hamster kidney cells by MTT assay and for anti-DENV-2 activity by plaque reduction neutralization assay using two DENV-2 doses(45 and 90 plaqueforming units or PFU). Results: All the samples except isovanillic acid exhibited significant prophylactic effects against DENV-2 infectivity(without cytotoxicity) when administered to cells before infection, but were not effective when given 6 h post-infection. The methanol extract of Rumex dentatus demonstrated the highest antiviral efficacy by inhibiting DENV-2 replication, with IC_(50) of 0.154 μg/mL and 0.234 μg/mL, when added before infection with 45 and 90 PFU of virus, respectively. Gallic acid also exhibited significant antiviral effects by prophylactic treatment prior to virus adsorption on cells, with IC_(50) of 0.191 μg/mL and 0.522 μg/mL at 45 and 90 PFU of DENV-2 infection, respectively. Conclusions: The highly potent activities of the extracts and constituent compounds of these plants against DENV-2 infectivity highlight their potential as targets for further research to identify novel antiviral agents against dengue.

Effects of Some Materials Extracted from Ajuga Species on the Larvae of Hyphantria cunea and its Natural Enemies

Six kinds of cxtracts drawn from Ajuga multiflora and .A. multliflora var. brevispicala and A. multiflora var.serotina using methanol and acetone were used in this experiment to test their killing activity to the second instar larvae ofHypantria cunea and their influence on its natural enemics. The average death rate caused by those extracts on the secondinstar larvae was 85.70%. The mortality rate caused by the extracts drawn with methanol was from 88.89% to 96.33%,which was significal1tly l1igl1er tl1a11 tl1at caused by acetol1e extracts. 'I11osc extracts were satt to TrchogranInIa `Ie)uI,xiIinIi,Coccinella septempunctata, the natural enelnies of H. cunea. We did not found any evidence shown that those extracts hadany influence the emergence and the devclopment of T. dendrolimi. Those methanolic extracts gotten from A. multiflora andA. multiflora var. brevispicata had no significant effects on the mortality of the larvae and adults of C. septenrpunctala.Those eXtracts could be used in the control of H cunea sattly.

Study on the Technological Conditions of Ultrasound-assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from Ajuga ciliata Bunge (Fujian)

[Objectives]To determine the optimum technological conditions of ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Ajuga ciliata Bunge.[Methods]In this study,Ajuga ciliata Bunge was used as raw material,and an orthogonal experiment was designed based on the single factor experiment to investigate the effects of ultrasonic time,solid-liquid ratio,ultrasonic temperature and ultrasonic power on the extraction rate of polysaccharides from A.ciliata Bunge(Fujian).Range analysis,variance analysis and SSR test of significant differences between groups were carried out with SPSS 20.0,and the test results were verified.[Results]Under the conditions of ultrasonic temperature of 85℃,ultrasonic time of 80 min,solid-liquid ratio of 1∶15 g/mL and ultrasonic power of 500 W,the yield of polysaccharides from A.ciliata Bunge(Fujian)was the best.[Conclusions]This study can provide theoretical basis for the application of A.ciliata Bunge(Fujian).

Control Ability of Extracts from Ajuga Plants on Some Pests

Several phytoecdysteroids have been found in the extracts of A. multiflora and A.linearifolia using HPLC analysis. Those were 20-OH ecdysone, cyasterone, 3-acetate-20-OH ecdysone, 2-acetate-20-OH ecdysone, qugalactone. We found out that those phytoecdysteroids could lead the second instar larva of Clostera anastomosis and Stipnotia candida to death. The modified mortality rate was from 44.64% to 96.24%. Those extracts could signiticantly reduce the amount of nymph produced by the female Tuberolachnus salignus, The number of the nymph produced after treating with those extracts was only 20% to 70% of that produced by the untreated group. The death rate of the newly produced nymph which treated was among 33.33% to 58.82%. It was much higher than the death rate of the control group (1l7.57%).

<i>In Vitro</i>Characterization of the Efficacy and Safety Profile of a Proprietary Ajuga Turkestanica Extract

Ajuga Turkestanica, an herbaceous flowering species in the mint family, has been traditionally used in Turkeyand Uzbekistan for heart disease, muscle aches and stomach problems. Due to its high levels of phytoecdysteroids (particularly the characteristic C-11-hydroxylated Turkesterone), anabolic properties have also been reported. The aim of our study was to screen for early signs of efficacy and safety of a proprietary Ajuga turkestanica extract (ATE) using in vitro models. C2C12 mouse myotube cell line was used to study potential effects on viability and gene modulation. Cell viability was evaluated with different concentrations [0.2 - 200 ppm (mg/L)] of ATE. Gene modulation was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) after 6h incubation (ATE vs. the androgenic anabolic steroid methandrostenolone). Total androgenic activity was measured using the A-SCREEN bioassay. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography analysis showed good correlation between the phytochemical profile of the native plant and our ATE. C2C12 mouse myotube cells treated with ATE experienced no significant loss of viability (concentrations 0.2 - 200 ppm, 1 - 24 hs, p > 0.05). qRT-PCR array analysis showed significant (p regulation of Caspase-3 (2-fold) and Myostatin (4-fold). The extract showed no androgenic activity within the dose range used. Our results indicate the potential for an ATE to support muscle mass without typical androgenic side effects of synthetic anabolic drugs.

线叶报春苣苔化学成分研究

为了研究广西地域特色壮药植物线叶报春苣苔[Primulina linearifolia(W.T.Wang)Yin Z.Wang]的化学成分,探索其传统药效的物质基础,本研究采用硅胶柱色谱、大孔树脂(D101)柱色谱、聚酰胺柱色谱、反相ODS柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱和重结晶方法对其全草的乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,并根据波谱数据和理化性质鉴定化合物的结构。结果表明:从线叶报春苣苔全草的乙醇提取物中分离得到17个化合物,分别鉴定为二十七酸(1)、芥酸单甘油酯(2)、β-谷甾醇(3)、β-扶桑甾醇氧化物(4)、三十一烷酸对羟基苯乙酯(5)、香草酸(6)、熊果酸(7)、1-二十八酸甘油酯(8)、胡萝卜苷(9)、木通苯乙醇苷A(10)、5,7,3′,4′-四羟基-6-C-β-D-葡萄糖二氢黄酮碳苷(11)、大车前苷(12)、α-菠甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(13)、1,8-二氮杂环十四烷-2,9-二酮(14)、24-三十四碳烯酸(15)、正三十四烷酸(16)、正四十二烷(17)。化学成分研究为该广西地域特色植物传统药效的物质基础研究、质量标准制定和深度开发应用提供了重要借鉴。

筋骨草水煎液灌胃对顺铂所致肾损伤的预防作用观察

目的探讨筋骨草水煎液对顺铂所致肾损伤的预防作用。方法取成年雄性昆明小鼠30只,随机分为对照组、顺铂组、筋骨草组,每组各10只。筋骨草组给予筋骨草水煎液灌胃,对照组和顺铂组给予生理盐水灌胃,每天1次,连续12 d;于实验第7天筋骨草水煎液灌胃2 h后,顺铂组和筋骨草组给予10 mg/kg顺铂一次性腹腔注射诱导肾损伤。处死小鼠,取肾脏,用HE染色观察肾组织病理学改变;采集血液,使用全自动生化分析仪测定BUN、Cr、CysC,ELISA法检测血清TNF-α、IL-1β;取肾组织,WST-1法检测SOD,TBA法检测MDA,微板法检测GSH;RT-qPCR法检测氧化应激(Nrf2、HO-1、NQO1)、凋亡(Bcl-2、Caspase-3、Bax)相关mRNA表达。结果与对照组比较,顺铂组肾小球体积增大,肾小管上皮细胞明显肿胀;血清BUN、Cr、CysC、TNF-α、IL-1β水平升高;肾组织MDA含量升高,SOD和GSH含量降低;肾组织Nrf2、HO-1、NQO1、Caspase-3、Bax mRNA表达上调,Bcl-2 mRNA表达下调。与顺铂组比较,筋骨草组肾组织病理损伤减轻;血清BUN、Cr、CysC、TNF-α、IL-1β水平降低;肾组织MDA含量下降、SOD、GSH含量升高,Nrf2、HO-1、NQO1、Bcl-2 mRNA表达升高,Caspase-3、Bax mRNA表达降低(P<0.05或<0.01)。结论筋骨草水煎液对顺铂所致肾损伤具有治疗作用,该作用可能是通过激活Nrf2信号通路、抑制NF-κB和Caspase-3信号通路进而抑制氧化应激、炎症反应和细胞凋亡实现的。

三种丛菔属植物的生药学研究

目的:对藏药丛菔的主流基原植物线叶丛菔Solms-laubachia linearifolia、倒毛丛菔Solms-laubachia retropilosa以及宽果丛菔Solms-laubachia eurycarpa进行生药学研究,建立分种鉴别的主要特征及方法。方法:采用原植物鉴定、药材性状鉴定、显微鉴定、薄层色谱鉴定、ITS序列和trnL-trnF序列聚类分析等方法,筛选出专属的特征。结果:三种丛菔植物形态的主要区别在于叶片毛被形态、表面具光泽与否;药材性状的主要区别在于疣状凸起和叶柄残基颜色;根横切面组织特征的区别在于木质部占比和裂隙分布不同等;粉末显微特征的区别在于木薄壁细胞、木射线、石细胞及淀粉粒等。此外,三者的薄层色谱也有特异的斑点。基于ITS序列和trnL-trnF序列构建的NJ树三种丛菔都分别各自聚为一支。结论:三种丛菔属植物在原植物、药材性状、显微组织特征、薄层色谱、ITS序列和trnL-trnF序列分子标记等不同层面均存在显著差异,可作为分类鉴别的依据,并为药材的质量控制及资源开发利用奠定研究基础。

傣药大籽筋骨草乙酸乙酯部位抗炎镇痛作用研究

为了探讨傣药大籽筋骨草乙酸乙酯萃取部位(AMEA)的抗炎镇痛作用,采用角叉菜胶致小鼠足跖肿胀模型,以足跖肿胀度、足跖肿胀抑制率为指标,考察AMEA的抗炎作用;采用ELISA法测定足组织中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)水平,初步探讨AMEA抗炎作用机制;采用热板法和醋酸扭体法,考察镇痛作用.与模型组比较,致炎后5 h,AMEA低、中、高3个剂量组均对角叉菜胶所致小鼠足跖肿胀有显著抑制作用(P<0.01);各剂量组均能显著降低致炎足组织中TNF-α和IL-1β水平(P<0.05),并能明显减少冰醋酸所致小鼠扭体反应次数(P<0.01).结果发现,AMEA具有较好的抗炎和外周镇痛作用,其抗炎机制可能与TNF-α和IL-1β水平的下调有关.

多花筋骨草在郑州市园林景观中的应用效果初报

为增加郑州市园林地被植物的应用范围,在郑州市开展了多花筋骨草的引种栽培技术研究,结果表明:多花筋骨草在郑州地区可粗放管理,整体表现良好,是一种喜光又耐阴,耐寒、耐热性强,抗性强,繁殖速度快且人工繁殖成活率高的优秀多年生常绿地被植物,观赏效果良好,既可观花又可观叶且花期长,群开效果好,适宜在郑州市园林景观中大量应用。

两种筋骨草中蜕皮激素类物质的分析

对两种筋骨草甲醇提取物进行了分离、分析，确定了其中含有的蜕皮激素类物质主要为２０－ＯＨｅｃｄｙｓｏｎｅ、Ｃｙａｓｔｅｒｏｎ及少量２０－ＯＨｅｃｄｙｓｏｎｅ－３－ａｃｅｔａｔｅ、２０－ＯＨｅｃｄｙｓｏｎｅ－２－ａｃｅｔａｔｅ、Ａｊｕｙａｌａｅｔｏｎｅ，并测得了各物质含量。

筋骨草内蜕皮激素类似物对一些刺吸式口器昆虫及其天敌的影响

提取多花筋骨草、多花筋骨草短穗变种、多花筋骨草莲座变种和线叶筋骨草蜕皮激素类似物，稀释成一定浓度，将新鲜枝条在提取液中培养，而后在室内接种桃蚜、柳沫蝉、糖槭盔蚧等，昆虫通过刺吸取食后，对其生命活动产生很大影响。多数提取液的２５或５０倍液对柳沫蝉的杀虫率都在９０％以上，但对其寄生性小蜂的羽化率和捕食性天敌异色瓢虫存活状况影响不大。

筋骨草提取液对几种鳞翅目幼虫的杀虫效果

为确定蜕皮激素对昆虫的生长、发育、繁殖的影响，利用多花筋骨草、多花筋骨草短穗变种、多花筋骨草莲座变种和线叶筋骨草提取液，采取浸枝叶饲养舞毒蛾、天幕毛虫和树粉蝶幼虫的方法进行了杀虫效果试验。结果表明：对其生长发育有较大的影响，多数提取液对这些幼虫的杀虫效果均在９０％以上。

HPLC测定筋骨草中乙酰哈巴苷的含量

目的：建立筋骨草中乙酰哈巴苷的含量测定方法。方法：采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱：Phenomenex Luna C18（4．6mm×250mm，5μm）；流动相乙腈-水（15：85）；流速1．0mL·min^-1，检测波长197nm。结果：乙酰哈巴苷含量测定的线性范围为0．6-3．6μm（r=0．9993）。平均加样回收率为99．1％，RSD为2．5％。结论：不同产地的筋骨草中乙酰哈巴苷的含量为0．40％。6．39％；本法简便，灵敏准确，可用于筋骨草的质量控制。