DEAR EDITOR, In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial DNA genome （mitogenome） of the Zhengyang Yellow chicken （Gallus gallus domesticus） by next-generation sequencing technology. Samples were taken f...DEAR EDITOR, In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial DNA genome （mitogenome） of the Zhengyang Yellow chicken （Gallus gallus domesticus） by next-generation sequencing technology. Samples were taken from Zhumadian city, Henan Province, China. The complete mitogenome was 16 785 bp in size, and had a nucleotide composition of 30.3% （A）, 23.7% （T） 32.5% （C）, and 13.5% （G）, with a high AT content of 54.0%. The assembled mitogenome exhibited typical mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） structure, including a non-coding control region, two rRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, and 22 tRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that this mitogenome defined a novel sub-haplogroup B3 within haplogroup B. These results should provide essential information for chicken domestication and insiqht into the evolution of genomes.展开更多
Parasites constitute a major obstacle to poultry production, leading to significant losses in many poultry farms. This study investigated the parasites status of village chicken (<em>Gallus domesticus</em>...Parasites constitute a major obstacle to poultry production, leading to significant losses in many poultry farms. This study investigated the parasites status of village chicken (<em>Gallus domesticus</em>) collected from selected communities in Yenagoa Local Government Area of Bayelsa State Nigeria, during January to March 2020. A total of 35 birds were collected from 5 communities: Igbogeni, Tombia, Agudama, Akenfa and Opolo to assess their parasitic <em></em>status. The procession of the chicken and the identifications of both ecto and endo parasites followed standard techniques. From the results, the prevalence of the ecto parasites and the endo parasites in the chickens were 85.71% and 88.57% respectively. The ectoparasites species in order of increasing frequency were Lice (37.65%), Fleas (32.94%), and Mites (29.41%). Mixed infection of lice & fleas accounted for 34.12%. The prevalence of endo parasites was: Nematode (71.59%) and Cestode (28.41%) respectively. The species specific prevalence of the endo parasites encountered were <em>Ascaridia galli</em> (44.4%), <em>Heterakis gallinarum</em> (22.2%), <em>Capillaria spp.</em> (33.3%), <em>Davainea proglottina</em> (56%), <em>Raillientina spp.</em> (44%) respectively. This present study has provided an insight into parasitic infection of domestic birds across communities in Yenagoa Local Government Area of Bayelsa State Nigeria and recommended that an intensive health education on their public health implications in the spread disease causing pathogens among humans be carried out.展开更多
The main aims of this research were to study possible differences in objective morphometric sperm characteristics, establish normative sperm morphometry standards, and evaluate the presumed different subpopulation dis...The main aims of this research were to study possible differences in objective morphometric sperm characteristics, establish normative sperm morphometry standards, and evaluate the presumed different subpopulation distribution of avian spermatozoa from the rooster （Gallus domesticus） and Guinea fowl （Numida meleagris） as model avian species. Seventy-two ejaculates （36 per species studied） were obtained manually, following a training period involving gently combined dorso-abdominal and lumbo.sacral massage of the birds. Ejaculates were processed for volume, sperm concentration, viability, motility, and morphology. Moreover, samples were submitted for sperm morphometric assessment using objective Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis for Morphometry （CASA-Morph） methods, with sperm morphometric descriptors evaluated by Principal Component Analysis （PCA） and multivariate clustering analyses. There were several differences observed between the avian species in values obtained for ejaculate volume and sperm concentration （P 〈 0.001）. Irrespective of species, PCA revealed two Principal Components （PCs） explaining more than 80% of the variance. In addition, the number of subpopulations differed with species （three and five subpopulations for rooster and Guinea fowl, respectively）. Moreover, the distribution of the sperm subpopulations was found to be structurally different between species. In conclusion, our findings from using CASA-Morph methods indicate pronounced sperm morphometric variation between these two avian species. Because of the strong differences observed in morphometric parameter values and their subpopulation distribution, these results suggest that application of objective analytical methods such as CASA-Morph could substantially improve the reliability of comparative studies and help establish valid normative sperm morphological values for avian species.展开更多
目的:克隆1,4-α-葡聚糖分支酶1(GBE1)基因,并对其编码蛋白进行生物信息学以及差异表达分析。方法:根据家鸡转录组数据,利用PCR扩增GBE1的全长cDNA并进行生物信息学分析。使用qRT-PCR法检测基因在家鸡6个组织中的表达差异。结果:克隆得...目的:克隆1,4-α-葡聚糖分支酶1(GBE1)基因,并对其编码蛋白进行生物信息学以及差异表达分析。方法:根据家鸡转录组数据,利用PCR扩增GBE1的全长cDNA并进行生物信息学分析。使用qRT-PCR法检测基因在家鸡6个组织中的表达差异。结果:克隆得到全长为2145 bp GBE1基因,开放阅读框(ORF)为2130 bp,编码709个氨基酸。GBE1蛋白相对分子质量为81.993,理论等电点6.25,稳定指数为35.40,平均亲水性值为-0.484,属于稳定酸性亲水蛋白;GBE1蛋白含有67个磷酸化位点,不存在跨膜区域与信号肽序列,主要定位在细胞质、细胞核、线粒体、胞液中;二级结构主要包括α-螺旋、β-折叠、无规则卷曲和延伸链,三级结构表明为单体蛋白;同源性分析表明,家鸡中GBE1蛋白氨基酸序列与珠鸡亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR结果表明,GBE1基因在家鸡心、肝、脾、肺、肾、鸡内金6个组织内均有表达,但在肝脏和鸡内金中的表达量显著高于其他脏器。结论:该结果为进一步探讨家鸡GBE1基因的功能及其对葡聚糖分支酶的调控机制积累了必要的研究基础。展开更多
基金supported by the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(2014A030307018)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(2016A030303068)Animal Branch of the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species(GBOWS)
文摘DEAR EDITOR, In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial DNA genome （mitogenome） of the Zhengyang Yellow chicken （Gallus gallus domesticus） by next-generation sequencing technology. Samples were taken from Zhumadian city, Henan Province, China. The complete mitogenome was 16 785 bp in size, and had a nucleotide composition of 30.3% （A）, 23.7% （T） 32.5% （C）, and 13.5% （G）, with a high AT content of 54.0%. The assembled mitogenome exhibited typical mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） structure, including a non-coding control region, two rRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, and 22 tRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that this mitogenome defined a novel sub-haplogroup B3 within haplogroup B. These results should provide essential information for chicken domestication and insiqht into the evolution of genomes.
文摘Parasites constitute a major obstacle to poultry production, leading to significant losses in many poultry farms. This study investigated the parasites status of village chicken (<em>Gallus domesticus</em>) collected from selected communities in Yenagoa Local Government Area of Bayelsa State Nigeria, during January to March 2020. A total of 35 birds were collected from 5 communities: Igbogeni, Tombia, Agudama, Akenfa and Opolo to assess their parasitic <em></em>status. The procession of the chicken and the identifications of both ecto and endo parasites followed standard techniques. From the results, the prevalence of the ecto parasites and the endo parasites in the chickens were 85.71% and 88.57% respectively. The ectoparasites species in order of increasing frequency were Lice (37.65%), Fleas (32.94%), and Mites (29.41%). Mixed infection of lice & fleas accounted for 34.12%. The prevalence of endo parasites was: Nematode (71.59%) and Cestode (28.41%) respectively. The species specific prevalence of the endo parasites encountered were <em>Ascaridia galli</em> (44.4%), <em>Heterakis gallinarum</em> (22.2%), <em>Capillaria spp.</em> (33.3%), <em>Davainea proglottina</em> (56%), <em>Raillientina spp.</em> (44%) respectively. This present study has provided an insight into parasitic infection of domestic birds across communities in Yenagoa Local Government Area of Bayelsa State Nigeria and recommended that an intensive health education on their public health implications in the spread disease causing pathogens among humans be carried out.
文摘The main aims of this research were to study possible differences in objective morphometric sperm characteristics, establish normative sperm morphometry standards, and evaluate the presumed different subpopulation distribution of avian spermatozoa from the rooster （Gallus domesticus） and Guinea fowl （Numida meleagris） as model avian species. Seventy-two ejaculates （36 per species studied） were obtained manually, following a training period involving gently combined dorso-abdominal and lumbo.sacral massage of the birds. Ejaculates were processed for volume, sperm concentration, viability, motility, and morphology. Moreover, samples were submitted for sperm morphometric assessment using objective Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis for Morphometry （CASA-Morph） methods, with sperm morphometric descriptors evaluated by Principal Component Analysis （PCA） and multivariate clustering analyses. There were several differences observed between the avian species in values obtained for ejaculate volume and sperm concentration （P 〈 0.001）. Irrespective of species, PCA revealed two Principal Components （PCs） explaining more than 80% of the variance. In addition, the number of subpopulations differed with species （three and five subpopulations for rooster and Guinea fowl, respectively）. Moreover, the distribution of the sperm subpopulations was found to be structurally different between species. In conclusion, our findings from using CASA-Morph methods indicate pronounced sperm morphometric variation between these two avian species. Because of the strong differences observed in morphometric parameter values and their subpopulation distribution, these results suggest that application of objective analytical methods such as CASA-Morph could substantially improve the reliability of comparative studies and help establish valid normative sperm morphological values for avian species.
文摘目的:克隆1,4-α-葡聚糖分支酶1(GBE1)基因,并对其编码蛋白进行生物信息学以及差异表达分析。方法:根据家鸡转录组数据,利用PCR扩增GBE1的全长cDNA并进行生物信息学分析。使用qRT-PCR法检测基因在家鸡6个组织中的表达差异。结果:克隆得到全长为2145 bp GBE1基因,开放阅读框(ORF)为2130 bp,编码709个氨基酸。GBE1蛋白相对分子质量为81.993,理论等电点6.25,稳定指数为35.40,平均亲水性值为-0.484,属于稳定酸性亲水蛋白;GBE1蛋白含有67个磷酸化位点,不存在跨膜区域与信号肽序列,主要定位在细胞质、细胞核、线粒体、胞液中;二级结构主要包括α-螺旋、β-折叠、无规则卷曲和延伸链,三级结构表明为单体蛋白;同源性分析表明,家鸡中GBE1蛋白氨基酸序列与珠鸡亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR结果表明,GBE1基因在家鸡心、肝、脾、肺、肾、鸡内金6个组织内均有表达,但在肝脏和鸡内金中的表达量显著高于其他脏器。结论:该结果为进一步探讨家鸡GBE1基因的功能及其对葡聚糖分支酶的调控机制积累了必要的研究基础。
