日本对虾(Penaeus japonicus)病原需钠弧菌(Vibrio natriegens)表型与分子特征及LAMP检测方法的建立

采用常规表观生物学特性及16S rRNA、gyrB及rpoA基因同源性检索与系统发育学分析等方法,对分离自江苏连云港某育苗场的大批死亡日本对虾蚤状幼体的优势生长菌进行了综合鉴定。结果表明,其形态和生理生化特征与弧菌属的需钠弧菌相近;16S rRNA、gyrB及rpoA基因同源性检索也均与需钠弧菌相似性最高,分别为98%、89%和95%,且三种基因的NJ系统发育树也均与需钠弧菌聚为一个分支;分离菌的致病性试验表明其半数致死量LD50为1.8×106CFU/ml。综合分离菌的致病性、形态与生理生化特征及基因同源性与系统发育分析结果,认为引起日本对虾蚤状幼体大批死亡的病原为需钠弧菌。基于gyrB基因序列设计1套LAMP特异性引物,建立了需钠弧菌的快速特异性检测方法,可用于由需钠弧菌引起的水产动物疾病的诊断及分子流行病学的调查研究。

需钠弧菌(Vibrio natriegens)合成聚羟基丁酸的研究

研究结果表明 ,V .natriegens可以利用葡萄糖、果糖、以及糖蜜为碳源合成聚羟基丁酸 [Poly(3HB) ];当以糖蜜为碳源时 ,积累的Poly(3HB)达到细胞干重的 2 8.4%。实验结果还表明 ,Poly(3HB)的积累滞后于细胞生长 ,在培养前加入过量的碳源 ,不仅没有Poly(3HB)积累 ,还抑制细胞的生长。测定了与Poly(3HB)合成相关的PHA聚合酶、β 酮硫解酶和乙酰乙酰CoA还原酶的活性。结果表明 ,伴随Poly(3HB)合成 ,PHA聚合酶活性从无到有 ,β 酮硫解酶活性提高了 10倍以上。进一步通过利用脂肪酸合成代谢抑制物———浅蓝菌素 (cerulenin) ,研究了脂肪酸从头合成途径与Poly(3HB)合成途径的关系 ,发现浅蓝菌素能够明显降低细胞Poly(3HB)的累积。根据以上结果 ,推测在V .natriegens中可能存在有两条代谢途径参与Poly(3HB)

基于核酸适配体的SYBR Green I qPCR法检测鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)

鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)可感染鲈鱼、鳗鲡等多种水产养殖动物,是水产养殖中的重要病原菌,对其进行快速检测是病害防控的基础。利用鳗弧菌与其核酸适配体间较强的亲和特异性,通过核酸适配体来识别、结合鳗弧菌,然后以结合的核酸适配体为模板,进行SYBR Green I实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)扩增,通过Ct值来定量检测鳗弧菌的浓度,从而建立了鳗弧菌的适配体-qPCR定量检测方法。从特异性、标准曲线、灵敏度、重复性和应用效果对该方法进行分析,表明该方法具有很强的特异性,能特异性地扩增鳗弧菌,且对哈维氏弧菌、溶藻弧菌、变形假单胞菌、大肠杆菌、嗜水气单胞菌和迟钝爱德华氏菌均无扩增;在10^(3)~10^(11) CFU/L的检测范围内有较好的线性关系,可用于鳗弧菌的定量检测;同时,该方法有较高的灵敏度和稳定性,其最低检测限为10^(3) CFU/L,组内和组间变异系数分别小于0.17%和1.98%;最后采用该方法对鱼体组织样品进行了应用检测,证明了该方法具有较好的可行性和应用性,可用于水产品或食品中鳗弧菌的定量检测。

Transcriptome analysis reveals immune-related genes in tissues of Vibrio anguillarum-infected turbot Scophthalmus maximus

Turbot Scophthalmus maximus is an important mariculture fish species with high economic value.However,the bacterial diseases caused by Vibrio anguillarum infection bring huge economic losses to the turbot aquaculture industry.To understand the immune response of the turbot against V.anguillarum infection and to explore novel immune-related genes,the transcriptome analysis of turbot spleen and gills were conducted after V.anguillarum infection.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified in spleen and gill of the turbot amounted to 17261 and 16436,respectively.A large number of immunerelated DEGs were enriched in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathway,and the others by the kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)enrichment.The gene ontology(GO)classification analysis revealed that V.anguillarum infection had the greatest effect on biological processes and cellular components.Twelve immune-related DEGs were identified in the spleen(cstl.1,egfl6,lamb21,v2rx4,calcr,and gpr78a)and gills(ghra,sh3gl2a,cst12,inhbaa,cxcl8,and il-1b)by heat map.The proteinprotein interaction(PPI)networks were constructed to analyze the immune mechanism.The results demonstrate that the maturation and antigen processing of major histocompatibility complex(MHC)class II molecule,and calcitonin-or adrenomedullin-regulated physiological activity were important events in the immunity of turbot against V.anguillarum infection.In the gills,the protein interactions in TGF-βsignaling pathway,production of inflammatory factors,and endocytosis regulation were most significant.Our research laid a foundation for discovering novel immune-related genes and enriching the knowledge of immune mechanisms of turbot against V.anguillarum infection.

Molecular Cloning of clpX Gene from Vibrio alginolyticus HY9901 and Its Bioinformatics Analysis

According to the clpX gene sequence of Vibrio alginolyticus HY9901,a pair of specific primers were designed,and the full length was cloned by PCR and subjected to bioinformatics analysis.The results showed that the clpX gene was 1281 bp in length and encoded 426 amino acids.Its molecular structure formula was C 3842 H 6405 N 1281 O 1598 S 260,with a theoretical protein molecular weight of approximately 1044473.4 kDa and a theoretical pI value of 5.04.The clpX gene was predominantly situated within the cytoplasm,exhibiting unstable and hydrophilic protein characteristics.It possessed a signal peptide cleavage site,lacked a transmembrane region,and was not associated with any KEGG metabolic pathway.Additionally,it possessed 2 glycine phosphorylation sites,a CAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation site,a C-terminal amidation modification site,6 protein kinase C phosphorylation sites,7 microbody C-terminal target signal sites,and an ATP/GTP site.The clpX phylogenetic tree was constructed using the MEGA 5.0 software via the neighbor-joining method.The results demonstrated that the clpX of V.alginolyticus exhibited up to 100%affinity with the clpX of Vibrio spp.The single subunit 3D structure model of the ClpX protein was obtained using the SWISS-MODEL program.A structural and functional analysis of the protein revealed the presence of three distinct ClpX structural and functional domains.In the prediction of secondary structure,the proportions ofα-helix,random coil,β-sheet and extended strand were 40.38%,37.09%,5.40%and 17.14%,respectively.The analysis of the ClpX protein through the STRING database revealed that the proteins interacting with the ClpX protein were Tig,Atpd,Hflb,Msrb-2,Rpod,Clpp,Clpa,Lon-1,Hfq,and ANP63951.1.A computational analysis of the ClpX protein identified a number of post-translational modification sites,including phosphorylation,acetylation,ubiquitination,glycosylation,methylation,S-palmitoylation,and lactylation.The significance of this study is to analyze the function of the clpX gene and establish a robust foundation for subsequent investigations into the mechanism of the clpX gene in Vibrio alginolyticus.

Gene Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of phoR Gene from Vibrio alginolyticus HY9901

PhoR is a histidine kinase in a two-component regulatory system that regulates phosphorus metabolic pathways and undertakes the key mission of information transmission in pathogenic bacteria.The full-length phoR gene was successfully cloned from the Vibrio alginolyticus HY9901 strain.A comprehensive analysis of the cloned gene was conducted using bioinformatics.Sequence analysis revealed that the total length of the phoR gene(GenBank accession No.:KJ958404.1)is 1299 bp,with the coding region containing a total of 432 amino acid residues.The phylogenetic tree of PhoR revealed that it belongs to the same subclade as V.diabolicus.The SMART program was employed for the purpose of functional domain prediction,which revealed that PhoR possesses three major functional domains:PAS(amino acids 98-166),HisKA(amino acids 205-272),and HATPase_c(amino acids 317-429).

Molecular Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of msrA Gene from Vibrio alginolyticus Strain HY9901

[Objectives]This study was conducted to understand the structure and function of MsrA protein.[Methods]With Vibrio alginolyticus HY9901 as the object of study,primers were designed to amplify the full-length gene of msrA,and its bioinformatics analysis was carried out.[Results]The full length of msrA gene was 639 bp,encoding 212 amino acids,and its theoretical molecular weight was about 23729.60 Da.The protein had a stable structure,and it was hydrophobic overall.The structure of signal peptides at the N terminal of the amino acid sequence was predicted,and it was found that there was no signal peptide cleavage site and no transmembrane region.The amino acid sequence of MsrA contained multiple signal binding sites.Protein subcellular localization showed that MsrA protein was most likely located in the cytoplasm.Homology analysis showed that MsrA of V.alginolyticus had high homology with other Vibrio species,and the highest homology with V.alginolyticus.In the prediction of functional domains,MsrA had the function of methionine sulfoxide reduction.In secondary structure prediction,MsrA contained random coils at a proportion of 46.70%,which was the highest.The similarity between the tertiary structure model of MsrA and template Q87SW6.1.A was 89.15%.PTM analysis showed that MsrA protein had many PTM modification sites such as phosphorylation and glycosylation sites.[Conclusions]This study provides some reference value for further study on the role of MsrA in bacterial antioxidant stress.

Molecular Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of cyaA Gene of Vibrio alginolyticus Strain HY9901

[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the biological functions of cyaA gene of Vibrio alginolyticus.[Methods]With DNA of V.alginolyticus HY 9901 as a template,primers were designed according to the sequence of cyaA gene,and the cyaA gene was amplified by PCR.Bioinformatics analysis was performed.[Results]The cyaA gene of V.alginolyticus HY9901 was 2529 bp in size,and encoded 842 amino acids.The molecular structure of CyaA protein was C_(4358)H_(6745)N_(1171)O_(1286)S_(35).Its theoretical molecular weight was 97.24167 kDa and the theoretical pI value was 5.56.It had no signal peptide and transmembrane domain.CyaA protein had three N-terminal glycosylation sites,one cAMP and cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation site,nine protein kinase C phosphorylation sites,nine casein kinase II phosphorylation sites,one tyrosine kinase phosphorylation site,seven N-terminal myristoylation sites,one pentenyl binding site and ten microbody C-terminal localization signal sites.Subcellular localization prediction showed that CyaA protein was mainly located in the nucleus and cytoplasm.Through multi-sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree construction,it was concluded that V.alginolyticus had high CyaA homology with other Vibrio species.cyaA of V.alginolyticus was clustered with Vibrio fluminensis and Vibrio marinisedimini,and they were closely related.The secondary structure of CyaA protein consisted ofα-helixes(43.11%),random coils(38.00%)and extended strands(14.49%).In protein network interaction,it was found that the proteins adjacent to CyaA protein were Crp-2,CpdA,Crr,PtsG-2,ANP67209.1,Crp-1,PykF,Pyk,RelA and Ndk.[Conclusions]This study provides a new idea for formulating strategies for the prevention and control of vibriosis.

Molecular Cloning of sodB Gene from Vibrio alginolyticus HY9901 and Its Bioinformatics Analysis

Vibrio alginolyticus is a zoonotic bacterium.A pair of specific primers was designed using the sodB gene sequence of Vibrio alginolyticus HY9901 in order to amplify the full length of the gene by PCR.The results indicated that the total length of the sodB gene was 585 bp and that it could encode 194 amino acids.The predicted amino acid sequence derivation indicated that the molecular weight of the protein was approximately 21.56 kDa,with an isoelectric point of 4.95.Upon prediction of the N-terminal signal peptide structure of the protein,no significant signal peptide cleavage site was observed,indicating that the protein lacked both a signal peptide and a transmembrane region.The amino acid sequence contained an N-glycosylation site,a casein kinase II phosphorylation site,a microsomal C-terminal target signal site,and a manganese and iron superoxide dismutase signal site.The probability of intracytoplasmic localization of the SodB protein was 56.5%,which was analyzed according to the subcellular localization of the protein.The amino acid sequence of the sodB gene of V.alginolyticus exhibited 98%-100%homology to other Vibrio species,clustering into the same subfamily with V.parahaem,indicating a relatively close relationship between them.In the prediction of protein structure,the proportions ofα-helix,random coil,β-sheet,and extended strand were 48.45%,30.41%,5.67%,and 15.46%,respectively.The similarity to template 1dt0.1.A reached 71.58%.A PTM site analysis revealed the presence of phosphorylation,glycosylation,ubiquitination,sumoylation,acetylation,and methylation modification sites,as well as the absence of lactylation modification sites.

Molecular Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of sucC Gene of Vibrio alginolyticus Strain HY9901

[Objectives]To clone the sucC gene of Vibrio alginolyticus strain HY9901 and conduct the bioinformatics analysis.[Methods]Based on the sucC gene of V.alginolyticus strain HY9901,specific primers were designed to amplify the full length sequence by PCR and make further analysis.[Results]The theoretical molecular weight of SucC protein was about 41528.45 Da,and the full length was 1167 bp,encoding 388 amino acids.It has no signal peptide and transmembrane region,and has a variety of functional sites.It is predicted that it is mainly located in the cytoplasm,and the ubiquitin and lactate modification sites overlap,and it has high gene homology with Vibrio parahaemolyticus.Theα-helix,random coil and extended strand are the main secondary structures.The similarity between the constructed three-level structure model and the template is high.[Conclusions]This study reveals the structural characteristics and functional potential of SucC protein,and provides a theoretical basis for the study of drug resistance mechanism and prevention strategies.

Study on the Quantity Dynamic Changes of Heterobacteria and Vibrios in Larvae Industrialized Culture System

[ Objective ] The dynamic change of heterobacteria and vibrios in larvae industrialized culture system was studied to provide scientific reference for healthy cultivation of shrimp. [ Method ] The heterobacteria, vibrios and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus were monitored in larvae industrialized culture system. [ Result] The heterobacteria, vibrios and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus were the most in fertilized eggs of shrimp but the least in nauplius, then their number would increase with growth. During whole rearing period, both boterobacteria in larvae, vibrios in water would increase by one order of magnitude, while both vibrios in larvae and heterobacteria in water would increase by two orders of magnitude. There were many heterobacteria and vibrios but few vibrio parahaemolyticus in living bait. The correlation coefficients between larvae and heterobacteria and vibrios in water were 0. 704 and 0. 840 in culture system respectively, while the correlation among heterobacteria, vibrios in living bait and larvae, water were weak or negative. [ Conclusion ] There was a dynamic relation between water and larvae in rearing period, and restrictly control of culture condition would restrain the occurrence of disease caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus, besides that bacteria number in bait was not obviously correlated with bacteria nubmer in culture system.

鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)胞外产物中蛋白酶的纯化及其性质

对鳗弧菌 (Vibrioanguillarum)胞外产物中蛋白酶的纯化方法及其性质进行了研究 .其中 ,蛋白酶的纯化步骤包括 :(1)硫酸铵沉淀 ;(2 )SephadexG 10 0凝胶过滤 ;(3)DEAE Sepharose色谱分离 ;(4)DEAE Cellulose (DE 32 )色谱分离 .经上述纯化步骤得到两种蛋白酶 ,经SDS PAGE分析 ,Mr分别为 37.4× 10 3 和 33.1× 10 3 .以偶氮酪蛋白 (azocasein)作底物测其水解酶活性 ,结果表明二者差别显著 ,前者明显高于后者 .而且 ,Mr37.4× 10 3 的蛋白酶在pH 7～ 10范围内均显示较高活性 ,在 4 0～ 6 0℃范围内稳定性好 .结果表明该蛋白酶是一种金属蛋白酶 .关于该蛋白酶对牙鲆(Paralichtysolivaceus)的毒性作用尚在研究之中 .图 6表 3参

环境因子对溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)粘附大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)表皮粘液影响的研究

采用3H-TdR同位素示踪方法研究了环境因子对溶藻弧菌对大黄鱼表皮粘液粘附作用的影响。试验结果表明,溶藻弧菌能很好地粘附于大黄鱼表皮粘液,其粘附量在菌浓度不超过6.52×108cfu/ml情况下随菌浓度的升高而升高;粘附量在25℃下孵育180min趋于饱和,在180min以内与孵育时间呈正相关关系;粘附作用在温度25—30℃、pH值偏酸、盐度35条件下较强;在无Na+(盐度为0)时,无粘附作用;Ca2+能显著加强溶藻弧菌的粘附作用,而Mg2+作用不明显。这些结果表明,溶藻弧菌对大黄鱼表皮粘液有较强的粘附作用,其粘附作用受温度、盐度、pH值等环境因子的影响。

泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)病原霍乱弧菌(Vibrio cholerae)PCR与LAMP检测方法的比较研究

采用分子生物学方法,以霍乱弧菌lolB为靶基因设计特异性引物,进行了霍乱弧菌的PCR和环介导等温核酸扩增(Loop-mediatedisothermal amplification,LAMP)检测技术研究,并对它们的特异性、灵敏性和实际应用进行了比较。结果表明,所建立的PCR检测霍乱弧菌的方法最低检测限为4.0×103CFU/ml;LAMP检测方法在65℃下恒温扩增60min,检测限为4.0×101CFU/ml,反应产物加入荧光染料SYBRGreenI后反应液呈现明显的绿色;以温和气单胞菌、副溶血弧菌、鳗弧菌及美人鱼弧菌为对照菌株,检测结果均为阴性;霍乱弧菌人工染菌的8种水产品进行PCR及LAMP检测,结果均为阳性,而未染菌组均为阴性;PCR及LAMP检测霍乱弧菌的方法均具有灵敏度较高、特异性强等优点,且LAMP检测霍乱弧菌的方法灵敏度是PCR方法的100倍,更适合于养殖现场检测的推广使用。

两株珍珠龙趸病原性哈维弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)的分离与鉴定

自海南陵水和广东深圳养殖场患病珍珠龙趸(pearl gentian)分离到2株优势菌(X12XC30和X13SZ03),经回归感染实验证实2株菌是珍珠龙趸的病原菌,对珍珠龙趸的半致死浓度(LD50)分别是6.58×106 CFU·g-1和9.83×105 CFU·g-1。对菌株进行形态、颜色和生长条件等常规生理生化实验,并进行16S r DNA,rct B和tox R等管家基因的序列分析综合鉴定。结果显示:2株病原菌均为短杆状革兰氏阴性菌,TCBS生长为黄色,对O/129(150 ug·片-1)敏感,生理生化指标与哈维弧菌标准株一致;16S r DNA,rct B和tox R序列在Genbank上检索与哈维弧菌的同源性最高,根据管家基因的序列构建系统进化树,自然地与哈维弧菌分支聚类为一支,确定这2株菌均为哈维弧菌。药敏实验发现2株哈维弧菌均耐呋喃唑酮,而对诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星、环丙沙星和氯霉素等药物敏感。哈维弧菌具有较高的致死率,在珍珠龙趸养殖业中存在潜在的威胁。

河流弧菌(Vibrio fluvialis)对牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)粘液的趋化和粘附作用

采用生长曲线法测定了河流弧菌在牙鲆表皮、鳃和肠粘液中的生长情况,结果表明,河流弧菌在3种粘液中都能生长,生长前期符合Logistic模型,然后进入Gompertz模型,在鳃粘液中的生长量高于肠粘液和表皮粘液。采用毛细管法研究了河流弧菌对牙鲆3种粘液的趋化作用,结果表明,河流弧菌对牙鲆3种粘液具有较强的趋化应答,在粘液总蛋白含量相同的情况下,河流弧菌对牙鲆鳃粘液的趋化应答显著强于对表皮粘液的趋化应答(P<0.05),而对肠粘液的趋化应答极显著低于对鳃粘液和表皮粘液的趋化应答(P<0.01)。采用3H-TdR示踪法进行了河流弧菌对牙鲆3种粘液的粘附作用研究,结果表明,河流弧菌对牙鲆表皮粘液和鳃粘液的粘附率较高,而对肠粘液的粘附率较低,特别是孵育30、60和90min时河流弧菌对牙鲆表皮粘液和鳃粘液的粘附率显著高于对肠粘液的粘附率(P<0.05)。这些结果表明,河流弧菌能够在牙鲆粘液,尤其是鳃粘液中生长和定植,有利于其进一步感染、致病。

病原性鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)双重PCR与LAMP检测方法的建立

本研究检测了分离自发病大菱鲆、半滑舌鳎及鲤鱼的22株病原鳗弧菌（Vibrio anguillarum）毒力相关基因的携带情况,并建立了病原鳗弧菌的分子生物学检测方法。以PCR方法检测8个毒力相关基因的分布,结果显示,22株病原鳗弧菌均可扩增出6个基因（empA、vah1、vah4、flaA、rtxA和tonB）目的条带,未扩增出virA和angM基因;针对vah4和rtxA设计引物进行双重PCR扩增,同一PCR反应体系可扩增出两条目的条带,灵敏度为2.4×103 CFU/ml,对照菌无任何扩增条带;以vah4设计引物进行LAMP扩增,病原鳗弧菌可扩增出阶梯状条带,呈现阳性反应,6株对照菌无阶梯状扩增条带且呈现阴性反应,LAMP扩增灵敏度为2.4×10~1 CFU/ml。LAMP检测灵敏度是双重PCR的100倍,LAMP技术与PCR比较,操作简便、快速、灵敏度高且不需昂贵仪器,LAMP检测鳗弧菌的方法更适合于养殖生产实际应用。

泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)病原霍乱弧菌(Vibrio cholerae)的表型与分子鉴定

从江苏连云港某养殖场养殖死亡的泥鳅肝脏、血液及腹水中分离出大量优势生长的细菌,人工感染试验证明其对泥鳅具有很强的致病性。采用表观分类学及分子生物学方法,对分离菌进行了形态特征、理化特性、胞外酶活性及溶血活性等生物学性状检验;用PCR方法同时扩增其16SrRNA和gyrB基因,分析了16SrRNA和gyrB两种基因序列的同源性,并构建了系统发生树,通过基因序列分析,比较了两种基因在相似细菌的检测和鉴定能力;基于16SrRNA和gyrB基因的系统发育学分析表明分离菌(LD081008B-1)所扩增的16SrRNA和gyrB基因序列均与GenBank数据库中霍乱弧菌具有较高的相似性,且gyrB基因用于细菌种间鉴定更具优越性;16SrRNA基因序列长度为1446bp(GenBank登录号:GQ205447),gyrB基因序列长度为1207bp(GenBank登录号:GQ205452);根据分离菌的表型特征及分子特征,判定病原菌为弧菌属(VibrioPacini1854)的霍乱弧菌(Vibriocholerae)。胞外酶活性及溶血活性检测表明分离菌均具有蛋白酶、卵磷脂酶、淀粉酶、明胶酶及DNA酶活性,在含7%家兔脱纤血液营养琼脂培养基上呈β型溶血。分离菌的耐药谱测定结果显示,除对供试49种抗菌药物中的杆菌肽耐药外,对其它48种药物敏感或高度敏感。

鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)M3菌株生长条件及其对蛋白酶产量的影响

采用体外测定细菌浓度、胞外产物 (ECP)蛋白含量和蛋白酶活力的方法 ,进行了鳗弧菌M3菌株在 2 2 16E培养基中的培养条件研究。结果表明 ,该菌株用固体培养基培养至 2 4h左右 ,可得到较高的菌体浓度、ECP蛋白含量和蛋白酶活力。采用响应面分析方法设计实验 ,用SAS统计软件分析数据 ,得到NaCl浓度、pH值和温度对菌体生长及蛋白酶产量影响的回归模型。在 2 2 16E培养基的基础上 ,添加不同氮源、碳源物质以及不同浓度蛋白胨进行生长研究。结果表明 ,胰大豆蛋白胨能促进菌体生长及ECP蛋白分泌 ;NH4 Cl与酪蛋白水解物可抑制蛋白酶的产生 ;牙鲆肌肉匀浆对菌体、ECP蛋白产量和蛋白酶产生有不同程度的促进作用 ;培养基中蛋白胨浓度为 4 %时菌体量与ECP蛋白含量达最高值 ,在蛋白胨浓度为 2 %时蛋白酶分泌量已稳定 ;1%的葡萄糖、蔗糖、甘油均能显著地提高菌体及ECP蛋白产量 ,却抑制了蛋白酶的产生。

河流弧菌-Ⅱ(Vibrio fluvialis-Ⅱ)噬菌体-VP_8的分离与研究

1996年夏季，从皱纹盘鲍脓疱病发病区采集海水样品46份，以皱纹盘鲍脓疱病病原菌河流弧菌-Ⅱ（Vibriofluvialis-Ⅱ）为指示菌，从这些样品中分离纯化到多株噬菌体，并对其中VP8进行了电子显微镜观察及生物学特性研究。其头部20面体的直径约57nm；尾鞘宽为18nm,长的33nm；尾轴宽约7nm，长约58nm；从形态上看属于BradlcyA型。