Identification of 24 Species of Calyptratae Entering Ningbo Port Using DNA Barcoding Technique

[Objective] A study on the classification of 24 species of Calyptratae entering Ningbo port using DNA barcoding technique was carried out.[Method] The CO I genes of the 24 species of Calyptratae were first sequenced.Based on the comparison and analysis of the obtained sequences,the phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA6.0.[Result] The cluster analysis showed the classification of the 24 species of Calyptratae was consistent with the morphological classification at the family and genus levels.However,the cluster analysis could not fully distinguish the closely-related species.[Discussion] The DNA barcoding technique cannot be singly used for classifying and identifying Calyptratae.It should be combined with morphological classification methods,and can be treated as a beneficial supplement for morphological classification methods.

Development of Rural E-commerce from the Perspective of Agricultural New Kinetic Energy Cultivation:Based on Survey on the "E-commerce Entering Villages and Households" Project of Jurong City

Taking the implementation of the"e-commerce entering villages and households"project in Jurong City as an example,a survey plan is formulated,and questionnaires are designed.Through questionnaires,a large number of agricultural households are visited,and the data are collected and collated;and using interviews and field trips,the help of e-commerce for agricultural products sales is understood.Then,the analysis on the entire survey is summarized.Finally,the survey is researched,and it is found that the current rural e-commerce lacks professional talents and the product distribution system is not perfect.For existing problems,corresponding solutions are put forward.

Enteric neuropathy in diabetes:Implications for gastrointestinal function

Diabetes,commonly known for its metabolic effects,also critically affects the enteric nervous system(ENS),which is essential in regulating gastrointestinal(GI)motility,secretion,and absorption.The development of diabetes-induced enteric neuropathy can lead to various GI dysfunctions,such as gastroparesis and irregular bowel habits,primarily due to disruptions in the function of neuronal and glial cells within the ENS,as well as oxidative stress and inflammation.This editorial explores the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of enteric neuropathy in diabetic patients.Additionally,it discusses the latest advances in diagnostic approaches,emphasizing the need for early detection and intervention to mitigate GI complications in diabetic individuals.The editorial also reviews current and emerging therapeutic strategies,focusing on pharmacological treatments,dietary management,and potential neuromodulatory interventions.Ultimately,this editorial highlights the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach in managing enteric neuropathy in diabetes,aiming to enhance patient quality of life and address a frequently overlooked complication of this widespread disease.

Screening for depressive symptoms among older adults in Taiwan: Cutoff of a short form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale

Screening for elders at risk for depression is crucial for promoting mental health in later life. The present study investigates the cutoff score of a short form of the CES-D for screening of depressive symptoms in the elderly population of Taiwan. This particular short form of CES-D is repeatedly used in the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging (TLSA), a national survey of representative older adults in Taiwan, and is therefore referred to as the TLSA form. Data collected from five waves of TLSA were analyzed in this study. Participant responses repeatedly measured in 1989 and 1993 were used to identify a cutoff for the TLSA form of the CES-D with sensitivity and specificity using the cutoff of 4 on the Boston form of the CES-D as the criterion. Longitudinal data from the years 1996, 1999, and 2003 were used to validate the proposed cutoff by comparing the prevalence rates for depressive symptoms among older Taiwan Residents estimated from the identified cutoff and reported in previous studies. The score of 10 on the TLSA form of the CES-D was suggested, yielding a specificity of 0.93 and a sensitivity of approximately 0.96. The estimated prevalence rates for depressive symptoms among Taiwan Residents elders based on the suggested cutoff were between 18.9% and 23.7%, which are similar to previously reported rates. The cutoff score of 10 on the TLSA form of the CES-D is therefore recommended for screening depressive symptoms among older adults in Taiwan.

Biopolymer Entering into and Escaping from a Nanometer Pore

We theoretically investigated negative entropy S of biopolymer which passes through a nanometer pore（such as a-hemolysin）, especially entering process and escaping process, on the basis of which we also studied biopolymer entering-pore time rent, biopolymer entering mean velocity Vent, biopolymer escaping-pore time resc, and biopolymer escaping mean velocity vesc, respectively. Our results illustrate that the entering and escaping processes of biopolymer depend on its negative entropy, and entering process is more difficult than escaping process for biopolymer translocation. This tremendous difference between the two processes will offer a useful engineering hint for single macromolecule identification.

5G ENTERING INTO A NEW ERA

The ever increasing wireless data services, such asimaging, video, audio, multimedia, etc., have de-mands for the very high speed wireless communicationsand network, which are unfortunately a bottleneck whencombining with the wireline core network. Users＇ arenow expecting high quality of experience with low-costdevices, ubiquitous connectivity, energy efficiency, highreliability, or even ultra-low latency if a vehicle terminalis applied.

Quality—Key for Entering the World Market

The Shenma Group has been known as a leader in China and one of the three cord fabric production bases in the world. It enjoys a good reputation in the textile industry. The group became a Statefirst-grade enterprise in 1990 and was awarded the Golden Horse Prize, the highest honour for enterprise management in China. It became one of the 123 extra big enterprises with the approval of the State Council in 1992. And in 1994

Entering China's“Amazon”

A mysterious wild animal kingdom at the juncture of China, Myanmar and Laos features plants that cover the sky, precious birds that fly in the forest and ferocious animals that live on the ground... This fantastic Rain Forest in Southern Yunnan Province, also called China’s "Amax.on", is a paradise for explorers.

The Effects of Organization Context, Investment Strategy, and Entry Mode on Management Performance： An Analysis of Taiwan Residents Enterprises in China Mainland

Among the top 1,000 Taiwan Residents enterprises in China listed by the database of Commercial Times in 2012, 763 of them witnessed revenue growth and 864 of them were in profits. This paper seeks to identify the reasons behind such a stellar performance by conducting an empirical study on the top 500 Taiwan Residents businesses in the database. The results suggest that： （1） the larger the investment into China, the better the business performances; （2） the higher the ownership by Taiwan Residents firms for the outward investments to China, the better the business performances; （3） compared to investments in IT, technology and machinery, the outward investments from Taiwan to China achieve better returns in commodity, energy, and mining; （4） compared to investments in Eastern, Central, and Western China, the investments in Chinese municipalities generate better returns.

The supervision of the pension funds entering the capital market in china

The pension funds entering the capital market is the trend of the times, how to ensure the security of pension funds after entering the market, it is not only related to the interest of the individual but also affect the society＇s harmonious development. This article begins with the concept of pension funds into the market, the urgency and necessity of the pension funds into the market in our country and the actual situation of the pension regulators at present. According to analysis the problems existing in the pension market regulation, then putting forward countermeasures and measures, paving the way for pension funds entering the market in our country.

Freudenberg opens R&D center for Apparel Performance Materials in Taiwan

FFreudenberg Performance Materials opened a new Apparel Performance Materials R&D center at its Taoyuan facility in Taiwan on March 14th.Run by the world’s leading specialist in woven,knitted and nonwoven interlinings,the center will offer innovative solutions with local R&D support for apparel manufacturers across Asia.The new R&D center will focus on innovative developments in the field of performance apparel interlinings,sustainable solutions such as recycled fiber and biodegradable interlinings,adhesive technology as well as new processing technology.With a modern physical and chemical laboratory,it will help speed up product development,materials analysis and the use of sustainable technology.

Prevalence of Enteric Pathogens Associated with Infections among Table Egg Consumers in Some Primary Health Establishments in the Center Region of Cameroon

Method: In Cameroon limited data are available regarding the prevalence of enteric bacteria associated with table egg consuming infections. As such, a situational-based study was performed in patients with complains of stomach disorders after egg consumption. Data related to sociodemographic characteristics and other factors were collected using a structured based questionnaire. Stool culture of utmost importance in stomach disorders patients and serum were collected for typhoid serological test. Results: A total of 207 participants took part in the survey, Results indicated nontyphoidal Salmonella infections were highest in the 3 areas of study with Mfoundi (73.44%) having the highest level of infection compared to other bacterial infection. other enteric bacteria associated to this infection were E. coli serotype 157, Aeromonas, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloaca and typhi salmonella. Meanwhile salmonelosis caused by typhic salmonella had highest prevalence in the Lekie Division (13.11%) as a result of poor hygienic practices associated with the conservation and preparation of eggs, Stool culture was observed to detect more positive cases in the diagnosis of typhoid fever than Widal test, but with no statistically significant (p > 0.05) difference between the stool culture and Widal test in the 3 areas of study. Conclusion: this study revealed that egg consumers are pruned to enteric bacterial and salmonella infections depending on how and where egg is consumed.

Risk Factors of Enternal Nutrition Intolerance in Septic Patients:A Case-control Study

Objective:This study aimed to investigate the incidence of enteral nutrition intolerance(ENI)in patients with sepsis and explore potential risk factors.Methods:A case-control study was conducted in patients with sepsis who were receiving enteral nutrition(EN)at a tertiary hospital in China.The included patients were divided into the ENI group and the non-ENI group.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for ENI.Results:A total of 859 patients were included in the study.Among them,288(33.53%)patients experienced symptoms of ENI,including diarrhea,vomiting,bloating,and gastric retention.Logistic regression analysis revealed that the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation H(APACHE H)score,thoracocentesis,and usage of cardiotonic drugs(namely,inotropes)were independent predictors of the ENI.Conclusion:The incidence of ENI is relatively high in patients with sepsis,especially in those who have higher APACHE H scores,have undergone thoracocentesis,and have received inotropes.

Two intestinal microbiota-derived metabolites, deoxycholic acid and butyrate, synergize to enhance host defense peptide synthesis and alleviate necrotic enteritis

Background Necrotic enteritis(NE)is a major enteric disease in poultry,yet effective mitigation strategies remain elusive.Deoxycholic acid(DCA)and butyrate,two major metabolites derived from the intestinal microbiota,have independently been shown to induce host defense peptide(HDP)synthesis.However,the potential synergy between these two compounds remains unexplored.Methods To investigate the possible synergistic effect between DCA and butyrate in regulating HDP synthesis and barrier function,we treated chicken HD11 macrophage cells and jejunal explants with DCA and sodium butyrate(NaB),either individually or in combination,for 24 h.Subsequently,we performed RNA isolation and reverse transcrip-tion-quantitative PCR to analyze HDP genes as well as the major genes associated with barrier function.To further determine the synergy between DCA and NaB in enhancing NE resistance,we conducted two independent trials with Cobb broiler chicks.In each trial,the diet was supplemented with DCA or NaB on the day-of-hatch,followed by NE induction through sequential challenges with Eimeria maxima and Clostridium perfringens on d 10 and 14,respectively.We recorded animal mortality after infection and assessed intestinal lesions on d 17.The impact of DCA and NaB on the microbiota in the ileum and cecum was evaluated through bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Results We found that the combination of DCA and NaB synergistically induced multiple HDP genes in both chicken HD11 cells and jejunal explants.Additionally,the gene for claudin-1,a major tight junction protein,also exhibited synergistic induction in response to DCA and NaB.Furthermore,dietary supplementation with a combination of 0.75 g/kg DCA and 1 g/kg NaB led to a significant improvement in animal survival and a reduction in intestinal lesions compared to either compound alone in a chicken model of NE.Notably,the cecal microbiota of NE-infected chickens showed a marked decrease in SCFA-producing bacteria such as Bacteroides,Faecalibacterium,and Cuneatibacter,with lactobacilli becoming the most dominant species.However,supplementation with DCA and NaB largely restored the intestinal microbiota to healthy levels.Conclusions DCA synergizes with NaB to induce HDP and claudin-1 expression and enhance NE resistance,with potential for further development as cost-effective antibiotic alternatives.

Strategy for Entering the US Retail Market

China has set aggressive goals to increase the production of branded textile and clothing goods. According to a circular published by the Ministry of Commerce and six other government industries in June, China is determined to foster a number of internationally recognized name brands by 2010. The

Study on the Improvement of Sea-Entering Waterway in the Changjiang Estuary

The Changjiang Estuary is the doorway of the Shanghai Harbour and the throat for the six provinces in the Changjiang River drainage area. However the minimum water depth of the waterway in the estuary is only about six meters, so that the development of the Shanghai Harbour and the utilization of water transportation on the Changjiang River have been greatly restrained. Since 1975, the depth of the sea-entering waterway of the Changjiang Estuary has been successfully increased by one meter. This article has made a comprehensive summing-up about the selection of waterways, the determination of the line for dredging and disposal of the dredged material, thus providing reference data for future work in increasing the depth of the waterway of the Changjiang Estuary and for controlling similar waterways of other estuaries.

Dietary Macleaya cordata extract supplementation improves the growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens with necrotic enteritis

Background The poultry industry needs effective antibiotic alternatives to control outbreaks of necrotic enteritis(NE)caused by Clostridium perfringens.Methods The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Macleaya cordata extract(MCE)on the immune function and gut microbiota of broilers with NE.A total of 2881-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a 2×2 factorial arrangement with two concentrations of dietary MCE supplementation(0 or 350 mg/kg of diet)and two disease challenge statuses(control or NE).Results The results revealed that NE significantly increased the feed conversion rate(FCR),mortality,intestinal lesion score,the levels of IL-1β,IL-17 and IFN-γ/IL-4 in serum and IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa,m RNA levels of TLR2,IFN-γand p Ig R in the jejunum,and Clostridium perfringens concentrations in the cecum.NE significantly decreased the body weight(BW),body weight gain(BWG),jejunal villus height,V/C,m RNA level of AMPK-α1 in jejunum,IL-4 level in the jejunal mucosa and lactic acid bacteria abundance in the cecum.MCE significantly increased BW,BWG,jejunal villus height,V/C,m RNA levels of occludin,ZO-1 and AMPK-α1 in the jejunum,the levels of Ig A and Ig G in serum and IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa and m RNA levels of NF-κB,IL-10 and MHC-II in the jejunum.Additionally,MCE significantly decreased the FCR,mortality,intestinal lesion score,jejunal crypt depth,the levels of IFN-γand IL-17 in serum and IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa,Clostridium perfringens concentrations in the cecum,and m RNA levels of IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunum.Moreover,NE significantly increased the abundance of bacteria that are associated with inflammation,obesity and depression(Alistipes,Barnesiella,Intestinimonas,RF39 and UCG-005)and significantly decreased the abundance of short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)-producing bacteria(Anaerotruncus,Butyricicoccus and Bacteroides)in the cecum.MCE significantly increased the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria(Streptococcus,Ruminococcus_torques_group and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group)and significantly reduced the abundance of bacteria that are associated with inflammation and obesity(Alistipes,Barnesiella and UCG-010)in the cecum.In the cecum of broilers with NE,the relative abundance of Barnesiella and Alistipes was higher and that of Lachnoclostridium and Shuttleworthia was lower.Interestingly,these trends were reversed by the addition of MCE to the diet.Spearman correlation analysis showed that Barnesiella and Alistipes were associated with enhanced intestinal inflammation and inhibited growth performance,whereas Lachnoclostridium and Shuttleworthia were associated with anti-inflammatory effects.Conclusions MCE ameliorated the loss of growth performance in broiler chickens with NE,probably by regulating the intestinal barrier,immune function,and gut microbiota.

Entering the Year of Dog

Loyalty,faithfulness and sincerity are some traits of this Chinese zodiac sign

Prediction model establishment and validation for enteral nutrition aspiration during hospitalization in patients with acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a disease caused by abnormal activation of pancreatic enzymes and can lead to self-digestion of pancreatic tissues and dysfunction of other organs.Enteral nutrition plays a vital role in the treatment of AP because it can meet the nutritional needs of patients,promote the recovery of intestinal function,and maintain the barrier and immune functions of the intestine.However,the risk of aspiration during enteral nutrition is high;once aspiration occurs,it may cause serious complications,such as aspiration pneumonia,and suffocation,posing a threat to the patient’s life.This study aims to establish and validate a prediction model for enteral nutrition aspiration during hospitalization in patients with AP.AIM To establish and validate a predictive model for enteral nutrition aspiration during hospitalization in patients with AP.METHODS A retrospective review was conducted on 200 patients with AP admitted to Chengdu Shangjin Nanfu Hospital,West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2020 to February 2024.Clinical data were collected from the electronic medical record system.Patients were randomly divided into a validation group(n=40)and a modeling group(n=160)in a 1:4 ratio,matched with 200 patients from the same time period.The modeling group was further categorized into an aspiration group(n=25)and a non-aspiration group(n=175)based on the occurrence of enteral nutrition aspiration during hospitalization.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors influencing enteral nutrition aspiration in patients with AP during hospitalization.A prediction model for enteral nutrition aspiration during hospitalization was constructed,and calibration curves were used for validation.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted to evaluate the predictive value of the model.RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in general data between the validation and modeling groups(P>0.05).The comparison of age,gender,body mass index,smoking history,hypertension history,and diabetes history showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).However,patient position,consciousness status,nutritional risk,Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE-II)score,and length of nasogastric tube placement showed statistically significant differences(P<0.05)between the two groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patient position,consciousness status,nutritional risk,APACHE-II score,and length of nasogastric tube placement were independent factors influencing enteral nutrition aspiration in patients with AP during hospitalization(P<0.05).These factors were incorporated into the prediction model,which showed good consistency between the predicted and actual risks,as indicated by calibration curves with slopes close to 1 in the training and validation sets.Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.926(95%CI:0.8889-0.9675)in the training set.The optimal cutoff value is 0.73,with a sensitivity of 88.4 and specificity of 85.2.In the validation set,the AUC of the model for predicting enteral nutrition aspiration in patients with AP patients during hospitalization was 0.902,with a standard error of 0.040(95%CI:0.8284-0.9858),and the best cutoff value was 0.73,with a sensitivity of 91.9 and specificity of 81.8.CONCLUSION A prediction model for enteral nutrition aspiration during hospitalization in patients with AP was established and demonstrated high predictive value.Further clinical application of the model is warranted.