In the Empire Series,Hardt and Negri attempt to develop biopolitical critique to contemporary capitalist society.Hardt and Negri develop their own biopolitical critique based on their understanding of Foucauldian biop...In the Empire Series,Hardt and Negri attempt to develop biopolitical critique to contemporary capitalist society.Hardt and Negri develop their own biopolitical critique based on their understanding of Foucauldian biopolitics.In the meantime,many arguments of biopolitical critique come precisely from Marx’s critique of political economy.Identifying biopolitical production as the hegemonic paradigm of contemporary capitalist production,Hardt and Negri accomplish the transition from the critique of political economy to biopolitical critique.However,such assertion does not mean a major rupture in the relation between the critique of political economy and biopolitical critique.On the contrary,it only implies an intertwined relationship between them.Moreover,if regarding Foucault’s discussion about political economy and biopolitics as a medium,then the conclusion can be made:There are overlaps between biopolitical critique and the critique of political economy,and the source of biopolitical critique can also be traced directly back to Marx.展开更多
The present paper offers an opportunity to explore Keynes＇ contribution to our understanding of crisis by returning to him seminal contribution in the theory of the effective demand. The analysis contrasts this appro...The present paper offers an opportunity to explore Keynes＇ contribution to our understanding of crisis by returning to him seminal contribution in the theory of the effective demand. The analysis contrasts this approach with the neoclassical orthodoxy regarding the theory of the interest rate and the relation between saving and investment. The author poses the fundamental question： Can a policy of stimulating saving promote investment？ By using the ＂Saving Paradox＂ presented in chapter sixteen, as a framework for interpreting Bernanke＇s description of the saving glut and the current account deficit of the U.S. economy, the author offers an answer that is useful for understanding the current situation. The author also shows how moral hazard plays a significant role in the current crisis.展开更多
Research question includes affect of monetary policy on product＇s demand. Monetary policy may increase demands in markets for firm＇s products. Assumption of study is that markets need money for demand. It is figured...Research question includes affect of monetary policy on product＇s demand. Monetary policy may increase demands in markets for firm＇s products. Assumption of study is that markets need money for demand. It is figured as market theory. Research topic explores theory of market and world money concept. It aims to use world money in market theory. This study adopts case exploration of Keynes, Friedman, and Fisher. This study is based on their figures. This study defends that world money is applied in global economy by quantity of global GDP. It is 60 trillion dollars, and 10% of that amount may become world money. Result of this study is that world money concept is applied through Fisher＇s quantity theory in world economy. Major conclusion is that markets need money to increase demand, aligned with market theory, and world money supplies money for markets.展开更多
Karl Marx’s insightful critique of bourgeois rights,represented in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen adopted by France,can be attributed to the short-term and longterm perspectives he adopted su...Karl Marx’s insightful critique of bourgeois rights,represented in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen adopted by France,can be attributed to the short-term and longterm perspectives he adopted successively in his research.By reading works such as History of France in the Revolutionary Era and History of the French Revolutionary Parliament,Marx was able to examine the original intentions of the legislators in the period of the French Revolution.This short-term examination was the most intuitive and logical approach to studying the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen,in which Marx focused on the research of the period of the French National Convention and its idea on property rights.The enigmatic political-legal facts that emerged in 1793 during the French Revolution,along with other incidents,presented an opportunity for Marx to turn to long-term rights surveys.In this context,Marx gradually shifted his attention from the legislators who were the shining protagonists of the“grand political historical drama”to the underlying forces that worked behind them,and in doing so understood how the two major achievements of the French Revolution provided an explanation for the historicity of the phenomenon of rights.Marx’s longterm rights surveys from the perspective of historical materialism were directly inspired by the Kreuznach Notes as well as famous scholars including Francois Guizot,Augustin Thierry,and Henri Saint-Simon.展开更多
目的探讨先天性小耳畸形发病的危险因素以及临床听力学特征。方法对2018~2024年我院儿童听力保健门诊就诊的50例先天性小耳畸形患儿及同期来院就诊的90例健听儿童的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果50例小耳畸形患儿中,54%为男性,60.9%的...目的探讨先天性小耳畸形发病的危险因素以及临床听力学特征。方法对2018~2024年我院儿童听力保健门诊就诊的50例先天性小耳畸形患儿及同期来院就诊的90例健听儿童的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果50例小耳畸形患儿中,54%为男性,60.9%的单侧畸形为右侧受累,70.4%小耳畸形伴外耳道狭窄或闭锁,82%为单发小耳畸形。50例小耳畸形患儿按照Marx分级:Ⅰ级7例,Ⅱ级15例,Ⅲ级28例;平均ABR气导阈值分别为Ⅰ级60.71±7.51 dB nHL、Ⅱ级75.33±2.56 dB nHL、Ⅲ级83.74±2.22 dB nHL,不同分级听力阈值存在显著差异。生活在矿区、孕期前3个月服用上感药物、孕期用药史、出生时低体重等发生小耳畸形的可能性更高。结论生活在矿区、孕期患病、孕期前3个月服用上感药物、孕期用药史、低体重儿等是小耳畸形的高风险因素;小耳畸形程度越重,听力损失越重。展开更多
文摘In the Empire Series,Hardt and Negri attempt to develop biopolitical critique to contemporary capitalist society.Hardt and Negri develop their own biopolitical critique based on their understanding of Foucauldian biopolitics.In the meantime,many arguments of biopolitical critique come precisely from Marx’s critique of political economy.Identifying biopolitical production as the hegemonic paradigm of contemporary capitalist production,Hardt and Negri accomplish the transition from the critique of political economy to biopolitical critique.However,such assertion does not mean a major rupture in the relation between the critique of political economy and biopolitical critique.On the contrary,it only implies an intertwined relationship between them.Moreover,if regarding Foucault’s discussion about political economy and biopolitics as a medium,then the conclusion can be made:There are overlaps between biopolitical critique and the critique of political economy,and the source of biopolitical critique can also be traced directly back to Marx.
文摘The present paper offers an opportunity to explore Keynes＇ contribution to our understanding of crisis by returning to him seminal contribution in the theory of the effective demand. The analysis contrasts this approach with the neoclassical orthodoxy regarding the theory of the interest rate and the relation between saving and investment. The author poses the fundamental question： Can a policy of stimulating saving promote investment？ By using the ＂Saving Paradox＂ presented in chapter sixteen, as a framework for interpreting Bernanke＇s description of the saving glut and the current account deficit of the U.S. economy, the author offers an answer that is useful for understanding the current situation. The author also shows how moral hazard plays a significant role in the current crisis.
文摘Research question includes affect of monetary policy on product＇s demand. Monetary policy may increase demands in markets for firm＇s products. Assumption of study is that markets need money for demand. It is figured as market theory. Research topic explores theory of market and world money concept. It aims to use world money in market theory. This study adopts case exploration of Keynes, Friedman, and Fisher. This study is based on their figures. This study defends that world money is applied in global economy by quantity of global GDP. It is 60 trillion dollars, and 10% of that amount may become world money. Result of this study is that world money concept is applied through Fisher＇s quantity theory in world economy. Major conclusion is that markets need money to increase demand, aligned with market theory, and world money supplies money for markets.
文摘Karl Marx’s insightful critique of bourgeois rights,represented in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen adopted by France,can be attributed to the short-term and longterm perspectives he adopted successively in his research.By reading works such as History of France in the Revolutionary Era and History of the French Revolutionary Parliament,Marx was able to examine the original intentions of the legislators in the period of the French Revolution.This short-term examination was the most intuitive and logical approach to studying the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen,in which Marx focused on the research of the period of the French National Convention and its idea on property rights.The enigmatic political-legal facts that emerged in 1793 during the French Revolution,along with other incidents,presented an opportunity for Marx to turn to long-term rights surveys.In this context,Marx gradually shifted his attention from the legislators who were the shining protagonists of the“grand political historical drama”to the underlying forces that worked behind them,and in doing so understood how the two major achievements of the French Revolution provided an explanation for the historicity of the phenomenon of rights.Marx’s longterm rights surveys from the perspective of historical materialism were directly inspired by the Kreuznach Notes as well as famous scholars including Francois Guizot,Augustin Thierry,and Henri Saint-Simon.
文摘目的探讨先天性小耳畸形发病的危险因素以及临床听力学特征。方法对2018~2024年我院儿童听力保健门诊就诊的50例先天性小耳畸形患儿及同期来院就诊的90例健听儿童的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果50例小耳畸形患儿中,54%为男性,60.9%的单侧畸形为右侧受累,70.4%小耳畸形伴外耳道狭窄或闭锁,82%为单发小耳畸形。50例小耳畸形患儿按照Marx分级:Ⅰ级7例,Ⅱ级15例,Ⅲ级28例;平均ABR气导阈值分别为Ⅰ级60.71±7.51 dB nHL、Ⅱ级75.33±2.56 dB nHL、Ⅲ级83.74±2.22 dB nHL,不同分级听力阈值存在显著差异。生活在矿区、孕期前3个月服用上感药物、孕期用药史、出生时低体重等发生小耳畸形的可能性更高。结论生活在矿区、孕期患病、孕期前3个月服用上感药物、孕期用药史、低体重儿等是小耳畸形的高风险因素;小耳畸形程度越重,听力损失越重。
