Winter Wheat Yield Estimation Based on Sparrow Search Algorithm Combined with Random Forest:A Case Study in Henan Province,China

Precise and timely prediction of crop yields is crucial for food security and the development of agricultural policies.However,crop yield is influenced by multiple factors within complex growth environments.Previous research has paid relatively little attention to the interference of environmental factors and drought on the growth of winter wheat.Therefore,there is an urgent need for more effective methods to explore the inherent relationship between these factors and crop yield,making precise yield prediction increasingly important.This study was based on four type of indicators including meteorological,crop growth status,environmental,and drought index,from October 2003 to June 2019 in Henan Province as the basic data for predicting winter wheat yield.Using the sparrow search al-gorithm combined with random forest(SSA-RF)under different input indicators,accuracy of winter wheat yield estimation was calcu-lated.The estimation accuracy of SSA-RF was compared with partial least squares regression(PLSR),extreme gradient boosting(XG-Boost),and random forest(RF)models.Finally,the determined optimal yield estimation method was used to predict winter wheat yield in three typical years.Following are the findings:1)the SSA-RF demonstrates superior performance in estimating winter wheat yield compared to other algorithms.The best yield estimation method is achieved by four types indicators’composition with SSA-RF)(R^(2)=0.805,RRMSE=9.9%.2)Crops growth status and environmental indicators play significant roles in wheat yield estimation,accounting for 46%and 22%of the yield importance among all indicators,respectively.3)Selecting indicators from October to April of the follow-ing year yielded the highest accuracy in winter wheat yield estimation,with an R^(2)of 0.826 and an RMSE of 9.0%.Yield estimates can be completed two months before the winter wheat harvest in June.4)The predicted performance will be slightly affected by severe drought.Compared with severe drought year(2011)(R^(2)=0.680)and normal year(2017)(R^(2)=0.790),the SSA-RF model has higher prediction accuracy for wet year(2018)(R^(2)=0.820).This study could provide an innovative approach for remote sensing estimation of winter wheat yield.yield.

Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Urban-rural Construction Land in Rural Industrialized Areas in China:Case Studies in Changyuan City and Xinxiang County of Henan Province

Since China’s reform and opening up in 1978,the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization in China had led to dramatic changes in the pattern of urban-rural land use.In this paper,we focused on the rural industrialized areas in central China(Xinxiang County and Changyuan City of Henan Province).We used the average nearest neighbor index,spatial statistical analysis,and a structural equation model to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of urban-rural construction land based on multisource spatial data and survey data.The results showed that:1)from 1975 to 2019,the spatial distribution of urban-rural construction land in rural industrialized areas had evolved from homogeneous distribution to local agglomeration.In terms of comparative analysis of cases,the spatial distribution of urban-rural construction land in Changyuan City had shown a trend from diffusion to agglomeration,and Xinxiang County had overall shown a spatial change from homogenization to agglomeration and then to regional integration development.2)The hot spots with increased urban-rural construction land significantly expanded,and they had a high degree of spatial overlap with industrial development.Among them,Xinxiang County was concentrated in central and marginal areas,and Changyuan was mainly concentrated in central urban areas.3)From the evolution of spatial proximity of urban-rural construction land,rural industrialized areas generally decline,showing the characteristics of internal differentiation in the rate of change.4)Industrial development,social economy,the policy environment,and urban development played a positive role in promoting the expansion of urban-rural construction land in rural industrialized areas.To promote the optimal use of regional land and the integrated development of urban-rural areas,we should combine the advantages of regional endowment,formulate development strategies according to local conditions,and adjust the way that land is used in a timely manner.

Description and Phylogenetic Position of Dinosaur Eggshells from the Luanchuan Area of Western Henan Province,China

Here, we examine 145 dinosaur eggshells from a new fossil locality in the Qiupa Formation （Upper Cretaceous） of the Luanchuan area in western Henan Province, China. The eggshells display elongatoolithid macro- and microstructures, including ridges and nodes on the outer surface, two ultrastructurai layers, and an undulatory boundary between the mammillary and continuous layers. A phylogenic analysis shows that the Luanchuan eggshells belong to the ooclade Elongatoolithidae. Within Elongatoolithidae, the thickness ratio of the mammillary layer to the entire eggshell, and the porosity of the Luanchuan eggshells are comparable to the oogenera Macroolithus and Elongatoolithus. There is no direct evidence for the taxonomic identity of the Luanchuan eggshells; however, they were likely laid by oviraptorids based on their phylogenetic position and their similarities with known oviraptorid eggs.

Countermeasures and Investigation of Land Circulation in Less Developed Agricultural Area of Henan Province,China

Some places in Henan Province are investigated by using sample surveys and interviews. Result shows that land circulation in less developed agricultural area of Henan Province has the characteristics of small scale,single form,short period,and circulation land in economic core region. Problems in land circulation are as follows:slow transfer of rural surplus labor force,hard implementation of fundamental land circulation,complicated mentality towards rural land circulation,many misgivings about land circulation,the unformed social service system of land circulation,and imperfect agricultural risk prevention mechanism for circulated land use. Based on the characteristics of land circulation,suggestions for promoting the land circulation of less developed agricultural areas are put forward in order to solve the problems in land circulation and to lay the foundation for effective implementation of land circulation,such as speeding up the development of urbanization,developing the circulation of collective land,effectively implementing the laws and regulations of rural collective land circulation,transferring land according to law,establishing market mechanism of agricultural land circulation,promoting the agricultural industrialization,establishing market mechanism of agricultural land circulation,promoting the agricultural industrialization,energetically readjusting rural industrial structure,and developing economy with local characteristics.

Problems and Countermeasures for the Development of Modern Agriculture in Henan Province,China

Current status of agricultural development in Henan Province of China is analyzed,showing that the agricultural production condition is increasingly improved;food production reaches to a new level;characteristic agriculture and green agricultural production begin to take shape;the level of agricultural mechanization is significantly improved;and the agricultural standardization and opening degree are enhanced.Problems in the development of modern agriculture in Henan Province are pointed out,such as the prominent pressure on the increase in grain production,the great risks in food safety,the tough employment situation,and the weak ecological environment.Countermeasures for developing the modern agriculture in Henan Province are put forward,including stabilizing cultivation area,optimizing structure,relying on science and technology,doing everything possible to ensure the increase in grain production,strengthening the supervision on food safety,actively exploring the employment space of modern agriculture,and protecting ecological environment by modern agriculture.

Genesis of the Jincheng Gold Deposit in Luoshan County, Henan Province, China

1 Introduction The Tongbai-Dabie area has experienced multistage plate subduction-collision activities,resulting in the development of a series of nearly EW-trending ductileshear zones with different levels,scales,and characteristics(Wu et al.,2012).These ductile shear zones have controlled the northern Tongbai-Dabie

Child Mortality Patterns in Rural Areas of Anhui and Henan Provinces in China, 1990

County-based IMR and U5MR in Anhui and Henan provinces in China were estimated and analyzed by using the 1990 Census Data. Census was conducted on July 1,1990, the number of deaths only occurred in the first half year of 1990 was collected. In order to obtain the total population and total number of deaths in the same year, the total number of deaths in each eqersex group for the whole 1990 was then estimated by taking the death number in the first half of 1990 as the base and multiplying a coefficient, which varied in different age-sex-region groups. Two major adjustments for some possible underreporting cases in female birth and infant death were made. If the sex ratio at age 0 in some counties was beyond 1. 2, then it was taken as 1. 15 for rural counties and 1.10 for urban cities, which were the estimates of sex ratios for the children at ape 5 in the national 1% Population Sampling Survey in 1995. The adjustment for IMR were made by comparing the segment of the county lift table from age 15 through 59 with that from the same age groups in the international and Chinese Model Life Tables. The IMR in the county life table would be substituted by the one in the closest Model Life Talbe, if it was less than in the latter.The findings of the analysis may be summarized as fol1ows: (i) Total county-based IMR and U5MR were 33. 4 Per 1000 and 41. 4 per 1000 respectively, with great variations between urban cities (25. 4 per 1000 for IMR and 31. 4 per 1 000 for U5MR) and rural counties (35. 1 Per 1000 for IMR and 43. 6 per 1000 for U5MR). There were also sighficant differences in child mortality between nationally identified Poor counties and other counties in rural areas. In the opr counties the total IMR was 40. 7 per 1 000 living births in average while in non-opr counties it was only 33. 2 per 1000 in average (P < 0.05). The U5MR in opr counties was 25 percent higher than in non-opr counties (51. 5 vs 40. 9 Per 1 000 living births).(ii) Statistically significant correlation between child mortality and socio-economic variables was revealed from the data set, among which gross social economic products per capita was found to have the strongest relationship with child mortality. The neqative correlation was found between child mortality and a set of socalled' rich' variables including the gross social products, gr-oss agricultural products, gna industrial products and the proportions of high-educated population at county level, whereas the poSitive correlation was found between child mortality and a set of'poor' variables, such as proportions Of residents with lower 1evel of education and illiteracy rate.(iii) thfferences in child mortality between these two provinces were found, which were identical to the trends of differences in socio-economic indicators between them.tower child mortality proved to be associated with better socio-economic conditions(higher per capita products, higher proPortions of residents with higher level of education, lower proportion of less educated people and illiteracy) in province Henan.

FEATURES OF SPERMATOPHYTIC FLORA OF HENAN PROVINCE IN CHINA

Based on the latest data, the features of spermatophytic flora of Henan Province located in Central China Plain (the heart region of China) are summarized and demonstrated in this paper. They are as follows: 1) Plant species are rich, with 2953 wild species in 896 genera of 152 families, putting Henan in front rank in the northern areas of China. 2) Its origin is from far ancientry, and there exist many primitive families and genera as well as many relic species. 3) The character of transition is very conspicuous with complex and varied geographical elements, but the temperate type being the dominant. There are 15 types and 18 variants of distribution types at the genera level, the typical Temperate, Tropic and East Asia elements respectively make up 47.9%, 29.5% and 14.5%. 4) It is rich in species endemic to China, with 1514 species, ranking first in the northern areas in China. 5) The floristic spatial differentia is obvious. The southeastern Henan belongs to East China plant region, the southwestern to Central China, the northern and the central to North China.

河南鹤壁地幔捕掳体内磷灰石的发现及地幔交代作用

目的地幔交代作用是岩石圈演化的重要方式之一。显性交代作用以出现交代成因的地幔矿物为特征,可为地幔交代作用提供直接证据,磷灰石是地幔中交代成因的典型矿物。中生代以来,太行山构造带东侧的华北板块岩石圈明显减薄,而西侧仍保留较厚的岩石圈,太行山构造带是华北克拉通东部被破坏区与西部稳定区的过渡带。因此,太行山构造带的地幔包体对研究华北克拉通破坏具有重要意义。鹤壁地区位于太行山构造带上,发育有金伯利岩等深源岩浆岩。方法本文以金伯利岩携带的地幔包体为研究对象,探讨鹤壁地区岩石圈地幔的性质。通过人工重砂的方法,从地幔包体中分选出数粒磷灰石和一粒被辉石包裹的磷灰石。结果体视显微镜下,磷灰石无色,透明,具玻璃光泽,呈短柱状;扫描电镜能谱分析表明,被包裹的矿物主要由Ca,P,O,F元素组成,寄主矿物主要由Si,Fe,Mg,Al,O元素组成;电子探针结果表明,磷灰石中w(CaO)为53.525%~56.514%,w(P_(2)O_(5))为37.372%~40.851%;实验岩石学研究认为,顽火辉石+方解石→橄榄石+透辉石+CO_(2),磷灰石等作为副矿物产出。因此,辉石包裹磷灰石的矿物组合属于地幔交代成因,指示了显性交代作用。结论磷灰石这种显性地幔交代成因矿物的发现,为华北克拉通岩石圈地幔经历显性交代作用提供了直接证据。

1632年华北地区暴雨洪涝事件研究

以历史文献为主要代用资料,重建了1632年华北地区暴雨洪涝事件的雨情、水情、灾情等,从而识别出1632年8月河南地区暴雨事件的时空范围,并与有器测记录的2021年河南极端降水事件进行对比。1632年华北地区大规模降水始于7月17日,从6月18日—11月11日,整个华北不同区域皆存有长时间降雨记录,且有多次强降水记录,造成黄淮地区雨涝,并使得黄淮交溃,对社会经济造成较大影响。梳理降水和洪涝的过程,区分了本地降水与客水的分布。将1632年8月河南暴雨洪涝与2021年7月河南极端降水事件对比发现,强降水位置相似,降水前后都有两个台风输送水汽,且1632和2021年华北地区夏季降水皆受到拉尼娜的影响,整体偏涝。

中国共产党在1942年河南大灾荒中的救助活动述论

1942年河南遭遇了史上罕见的大饥荒,受灾荒影响的民众多达千万。面对严重灾荒,中国共产党在晋冀鲁豫根据地等地区采取了一系列救灾措施,与国民党政府救灾相辅相成。中国共产党在河南大灾荒救灾中积极筹措资金,妥善安置灾民,实行“减租减息”政策,采取以工代赈,并开创了社会救济与生产自救相结合的救灾模式,与国民党政府的消极救灾形成了鲜明对比。此次救灾不仅提高了中国共产党的社会影响力,还积累了宝贵的救灾经验,也揭示了中国共产党取得政权的必然性。

Fluidization: An Important Process in the Formation of the Qiyugou Au-bearing Breccia Pipes in Central China

Fluidization processes based on experiments are reviewed to gain some useful insights and comparisons with those that occur in hydrothermal systems. Field and petrographic work, and microscope observation were carried out on samples from the Qiyugou Au-bearing breccia pipes from the East Qinling region, Henan Province. Evidence from macro- and micro-textures suggests that the style of breccias in the Qiyugou area can be grouped into three types： （1） jigsaw fit-stockwork texture, in which the interval between clasts is marked by fractures or filled with calcite or quartz veins; （2） larger breccias that are supported by smaller breccias, rock flour and alteration materials; in this type clasts moved over short distances, creating open spaces; （3） fluidized texture, where the clasts of different lithologies have rounded shapes. These observations are compared with those resulting from experiments on fluidization processes. The results of this comparison suggest that fluidization is an important geological process in the formation of the Qiyugou Au-bearing breccia pipes and gold mineralization. In addition, fluidization processes such as expansion, bubbling, slugging, channeling and spouting must have contributed to the formation of the pipes and were conducive to the development of gold mineralization. In the Qiyugou breccia pipes, gold mineralization occurs as disseminations, in stockwork veins, and open space infills. The ore zones form subparallel sheets that are nearly perpendicular to the walls of the pipes.

Evaluation on Ecological Agriculture Benefit and Coordinated Development Level in Henan Province

[Objective] The aim was to establish theevaluation index system of ecological agriculture benefit in Henan Province to assess its ecological agriculture benefit and coordinated development level. [Method] Based on the existing evaluation index system of ecological agriculture, the evaluation index system of ecological agriculture benefit in Henan Province was established by means of factor analysis from the aspects of economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit, so as to assess the ecological agriculture benefit and coordinated development level of cities at prefecture level in Henan Province. [Result] Zhengzhou City had the highest development level in ecological agriculture in Henan Province, and coordination level was the highest in Anyang City, while coordinated development level was the highest in Zhengzhou and lowest in Sanmenxia City. [Conclusion] The study could provide reference for the evaluation on ecological agriculture benefit in China.

Evaluation of Ecological Carrying Capacity of Henan Province under the Sustainable Development

Based on the overview of social economy of Henan Province,I probe into the concept and evaluation of ecological carrying capacity.By using the ecological footprint analysis and the data of various kinds of land supply of Henan Province from 2000 to 2008,the ecological carrying capacity of Henan Province is analyzed.It is unveiled that inharmonious population,natural resources and economic resources affect the efficiency of the sustainable development of ecological carrying capacity of Henan Province;the underdeveloped economy of Henan Province impacts the sustainable development of ecological carrying capacity of Henan Province and the overburdened population lead to the insufficiency of ecological carrying capacity.Around protecting the threshold of ecological system,the countermeasures are put forward,which cover forming the idea of ecological economy and circular economy and promoting the transformation of economy growth mode;taking the development road of using resources intensively and performing the strategy of sustainable utilization of resources;strictly control population growth and strengthening people's crisis awareness of resources and environment.

Diagnostic Analysis on a Regional Rainstorm Weather in North-central Henan Province

[Objective] The research aimed to analyze a regional rainstorm weather process in north-central Henan Province. [Method] Based on the conventional meteorological observation data and the rainfall data of Henan Meteorological Station, the diagnostic analysis of atmospheric thermodynamics and dynamics on a rainstorm weather process in north-central Henan Province on July 19, 2010 was carried out. The characteristics of physical quantity field and the evolution of weather situation in north-central Henan Province when the rainstorm happened were studied. [Result] Western Pacific subtropical high strengthened to extend westward. The dynamic uplifting of low vortex at the middle and low layers, the strong water vapor transportation of southwest low-level jet caused the regional rainstorm weather process in north-central Henan Province. The diagnostic results of physical quantity showed that the deep, thick wet layer and the sustained water vapor convergence provided the abundant water vapor for rainstorm generation. The positive vorticity advection center developed and spread from northwest to southeast, which was favorable for the development of vertical movement. The structure maintenance of positive vorticity at the middle and low layers, negative vorticity at the middle and high levels provided the power condition for the regional rainstorm generation. The pumping effect of convergence at the middle and low layers, divergence at the high layer was favorable for the strengthening of vertical ascending motion at the low layer. The uplifting effect of dew point front at the middle and low layers triggered the release of unstable energy. The confrontation of warm and cold air was one of the important reasons for the regional rainstorm. TBB characteristic analysis showed that TBB was from -60 to -50 ℃ in north-central Henan Province in the whole strong precipitation time, and the moving speed was equivalent to that of southwest vortex. The low-value belt of TBB corresponded with the rainstorm occurrence zone in Henan, and the minimum-value center of TBB was basically consistent with the strongest center of precipitation. [Conclusion] The research provided the scientific basis for the short-term forecast of rainstorm.

Research on the Forecast of Grain Production in Henan Province from 2010 to 2015

According to the latest amended agricultural economic statistical data from 1996 to 2009 in Henan Statistical Yearbook-2010,by selecting and establishing the optimized grey model of logarithmic new developed coefficient, we conduct the empirical analysis and forecast research on the grain output and the relevant main economic indices in Henan Province from 2010 to 2015. The results show that the grain output of Henan Province in 2010 will reach 54.896 9 million tons, and it will break through 60 million tons at 60.17 million tons in 2015. In years ahead, the grain output of Henan Province will develop to a new stage steadily, which guarantees the national grain supply and socio-economic sustainable development forcibly.

Researches on Countermeasures and the Status Quo of Agricultural Industrialized Cluster in Henan Province

On the basis of the introduction of the connotation of agricultural industrialized cluster,the thesis introduces the competitive advantages of agricultural industrialized cluster as follows:firstly,it makes the agricultural production factors cluster and curtails the agricultural production costs;secondly it enhances the innovation abilities of industries;thirdly it improves the urbanization level of rural areas and increases farmers' income.The thesis also analyzes the status quo of agricultural industrialized cluster in Henan Province,points out the advantages of resources,cost,location and so on,and discuses the existing problems of the agricultural industrialized cluster in Henan Province as follows:firstly,the scale of agricultural industrialized cluster is small and the industrialized chain is short;secondly,there is a shortage of leading enterprises,and the radiating effect within industrialized cluster is not prominent;thirdly,the organization degree of agricultural industrialized cluster is weak,lacking scientific innovation ability.In order to solve the existing problems,the corresponding countermeasures are put forward as follows:firstly,take the market as the orientation,strengthen the policies formulation and accelerate the development of agricultural industrialized cluster in Henan by leaps and bounds;secondly,choose suitable developing models of agricultural industrialized cluster.

Primary Report on Influences of the Meteorological Factors on High-quality Summer Millet Production in North Henan Province

[ Objective] The research aimed to study influences of meteorological factors on high-quality summer millet production in north Henan Province. [ Method] By using summer millet yield and corresponding meteorological data in Anyang of Henan, influence of rainfall on yield of new high-quality summer millet vadety during 2003 -2012 was analyzed. [Result]Rainfall during May -July had the maximum influence on summer millet yield. Correlation regression equation was Y = 0.738 8X ＋ 159.991 （ R = 0.982 04）, reaching extremely significant level. [ Conclusion ] The re- search could provide scientific basis for sufficiently using local meteorological condition, breeding high-quality summer millet variety and its high yield.

Analysis on a Regional Heavy Rainstorm Process in North Henan

[Objective] The research aimed to analyze a regional heavy rainstorm process in North Henan.[Method] Based on routine weather chart,rainfall station in county and town,satellite cloud chart,etc.,by using synoptic diagnostic method,formation reason of the regional heavy rainstorm weather in North Henan during 18-19 August,2010 was analyzed initially from large-scale circulation background,influence system,physical quantity field and terrain influence.[Result] The strong precipitation had obvious meso-scale characteristics.The main influence systems were ground meso-scale convergence line,shear line at the middle and low layers,low-level southwest jet.The low-level southwest jet transported sufficient water vapor for generation of the heavy rainstorm.The ground converge line increased convergence ascending movement and water vapor convergence.Atmospheric divergence convergence center at the low layer was just in North Henan.Strong rise zone of the vertical velocity was also in North Henan.It provided sufficient dynamic condition for rainstorm generation.Generation,development and movement of the ground meso-scale convergence line had good indications for occurrence times and falling zones of the rainstorm and short-time strong precipitation.The big-value zones of K index and θse at the low layer both presented Ω distribution at the vertical direction,which had indicative significance for strong precipitation forecast.The strong precipitation center corresponded with fork horn terrain,and orographic rain characteristics were obvious.[Conclusion] The research provided reference basis for forecast of this kind of rainstorm.