METHODOLOGICAL EVALUATION ON CLINICAL RESEARCH LITERATURE OF ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT OF FACIAL PARALYSIS

Objective: To try to give an objective evaluation on the clinical research situation about acupuncture treatment of facial paralysis in the past 50 years and try to provide a possible evidence for clinical practice. Methods: All papers are searched and assessed according to the international standards and clinical epidemiology. Results: There is no systematic review (SR) on acupuncture treatment of facial palsy in a total of 1021 articles enlisted in the present paper. Comparing with the quantity of the descriptive studies and expert opinions (constituting 84.84%), that of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and clinical controlled trials (CCTs) is smaller (constituting 15.16%), besides, the quality of RCTs and CCTs is unsatisfactory. Conclusion: At present, the quantity and quality of studies with RCTs about acupuncture treatment of facial paralysis can’t meet the need of clinical practice, and in order to improve the therapeutic effect, a higher quality of RCTs and SR is required.

Discussion on evaluation methodology of hydrothermal geothermal reservoir

Geothermal reservoir are the vehicle of geothermal resources and their occurrence as well as the storage mass. Precise description and evaluation of geothermal reservoir serves to be the cornerstone of geothermal resource exploration and exploitation. Based on the principles and basic train of geothermal reservoir evaluation, in this work, the content of geothermal reservoir evaluation was determined and the value range of geothermal reservoir evaluation parameters was discussed in combination with the actual production data of two types of geothermal reservoir in North China: The Neogene Guantao Formation sandstone pore-type geothermal reservoir, and the CambrianOrdovician and Middle Proterozoic Jixian carbonate karst-fissure-type geothermal reservoir. An evaluation method for the sandstone pore-type and the carbonate karstfissure-type geothermal reservoir is finally established based on the analysis of the production data, i.e. the values of geothermal reservoir temperature, geothermal fluid production, reinjection, physical properties and other parameters are assigned, and the geometric average value of the assigned values for the above-mentioned parameters is taken as the overall evaluation index of geothermal reservoir. From large to small, this index categorizes geothermal reservoir into three grades:Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, which corresponds to advantageous, moderate advantageous and disadvantageous geothermal reservoir respectively. The geothermal reservoir of the same grade are further classified in light of the index value, thus realizing the comprehensive evaluation of geothermal reservoir.

Evaluation on New Practical English:A Comprehensive Course

This essay is to evaluate the course book New Practical English from four perspectives, including analysis of the learners, analysis of its aims, analysis of methodology and analysis of its content to prove that it is a comprehensive course suitable for students of vocational colleges.

A summary of the evidence and evaluation of the effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions for mild cognitive impairment

Objective: To summarize and evaluate the evidence of guidelines and systematic reviews(SRs) of nonpharmacological interventions for mild cognitive impairment(MCI) to support the development of future guidelines and clinical decisions for MCI patients.Methods: Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network(SIGN), National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence(NICE), American Academy of Neurology(AAN), Registered Nurses Association of Ontario(RNAO), Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, CNAHL, VIP, China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), and Wanfang Database were searched for relevant publications, including guidelines and SRs, from January 2014 to March 2019. Two authors independently screened articles, extracted data, and assessed the publications for adherence to the inclusion criteria. Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation(AGREE II) was used to assess the quality of the guidelines, and Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews(AMSTAR 2) was used to assess the quality of SRs. In addition, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation(GRADE) approach was used to evaluate the quality of outcomes.Results: Thirty-two articles were retrieved, including 1 guideline and 31 SRs. Fourteen SRs of physical exercise for MCI, six articles describing cognitive interventions, four articles describing acupuncture, and seven articles assessing dietary interventions(including four articles employing a Mediterranean diet, one article using vitamin B supplementation, and two articles assessing the effects of tea, coffee, and caffeine) were included. The quality of the articles was very low for 4(13%), low for 10(32%), and moderate for 17(55%).Conclusions: Based on the evidence available to date, nonpharmacological interventions may improve the current cognitive function of persons with MCI. In particular, physical exercise, cognitive interventions, and acupuncture exerted promising effects. However, due to the limited number and quality of the included publications, additional high-quality reviews are needed to further confirm.

Turning Research into Action: Using Factor Analysis to Enhance Program Evaluation

Purpose: Sexual activity among adolescents in the United States remains high. Nearly 46% of students grades 9-12 have engaged in sexual intercourse. One of the more recent statistical tools employed in evaluation efforts includes factor analysis. The objective of this study was to investigate the underlying dimensions of a survey instrument that assesses a youth character development program, which focuses on avoiding high-risk behaviors. Method: The 76-item survey instrument was administered to adolescents (age 12-18). During the 2009-2010 school year, 652 participants in the intervention group and 1110 participants in the comparison group completed the pre-, post-, and 6-month follow-up survey. Results: Using Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior groupings, 27 survey items were selected. Through iterative principal axis factoring, four factors were extracted and rotated. A visual scree plot was generated to determine the number of acceptable factors. The extracted factors accounted for 52.53% of the total variance. Factors were subjected to Equimax rotation with Kaiser normalization and converged after six iterations. Variables with patterned weights less than 0.44 were excluded. A reliability analysis demonstrated internal consistency. Conclusions: Identified factors included: 1) Teenagers’ attitudes toward sexual health behaviors;2) Teenagers’ perceptions of the consequences of sexual health behaviors;3) Parental or guardian expectations;and 4) Teenagers’ relationships with parents or guardians. This study’s results indicated that all factors can be described within Ajzen’s theoretical framework consistent with previous research findings. Results may be used to enhance delivery of the intervention.

Evaluation of Feature Subset Selection, Feature Weighting, and Prototype Selection for Biomedical Applications

Many medical diagnosis applications are characterized by datasets that contain under-represented classes due to the fact that the disease is much rarer than the normal case. In such a situation classifiers such as decision trees and Na?ve Bayesian that generalize over the data are not the proper choice as classification methods. Case-based classifiers that can work on the samples seen so far are more appropriate for such a task. We propose to calculate the contingency table and class specific evaluation measures despite the overall accuracy for evaluation purposes of classifiers for these specific data characteristics. We evaluate the different options of our case-based classifier and compare the perform-ance to decision trees and Na?ve Bayesian. Finally, we give an outlook for further work.

部分嵌套式设计在中医药“同病异治”疗效评价中的应用及方法学探索

目的本研究针对中医学同病异治、辨证论治的特征,引入部分嵌套式设计。方法部分嵌套式设计以复杂干预对照标准化治疗,中医组按“证型-治法-方药”分割为多个子集(存在嵌套结构),对照组采用标准化西医治疗(无嵌套结构);并以一项溃疡性结肠炎“同病异治”数据为例,套用该设计类型并采用多水平模型分析。结果部分嵌套式设计符合“同病异治”诊疗特征并满足循证评价的设计要求,通过多水平模型可实现类似数据结构的分析。结论利用部分嵌套式设计能实现对“同病异治”整体效果的评价,可为中医药临床疗效评价提供方法学参考。

民间文学类非物质文化遗产旅游开发适宜性评价——基于WSR系统方法论视角

旅游开发是民间文学类非物质文化遗产(非遗)顺应时代创新发展的重要途径,评估旅游开发适宜性是开发工作的首要前提。通过引入WSR系统方法论,建立民间文学类非遗旅游开发适宜性评价体系和应用性评分表,对湖北省内9项国家级非遗和7项省级非遗开展实证研究。结果表明:①第I类非遗得分较高,具有丰富的物理、事理和人理条件,适宜旅游开发;②第Ⅱ类非遗应在补齐产品衍生性、游客体验性和可展示性等短板的基础上进行旅游开发;③第Ⅲ类非遗需在强调“保护为先”的原则下,对其经济价值适度挖掘,同时探索非遗传承的多元途径。

模糊数学综合评价结合响应面法优化竹笋汁饮品发酵工艺

该研究以清水竹笋罐头生产过程中产生的清水为原料,以发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentium)与红茶菌为菌种复合发酵制备竹笋汁饮品。利用单因素试验、模糊数学综合评价结合响应面法对其发酵工艺进行优化,并对其理化指标、微生物指标及抗氧化性进行检测分析。结果表明,竹笋汁饮品的最佳发酵工艺为:红茶菌添加量6%、发酵温度25℃、发酵时间2.5 d。在此优化条件下,竹笋汁饮品的色泽均匀,呈浅黄色的基底液,其感官评分为85.24分,固形物含量为6.13 g/L,pH为3.38,总糖含量为0.16 g/L,总酸含量为41.33 g/L,总酚含量为7.74 mg/L,总黄酮含量为0.066 mg/m L;益生菌活菌数为3.5×107CFU/g,大肠菌群、沙门氏菌及霉菌未检出,说明其理化指标及微生物指标均符合T/CASME 435—2023《益生菌发酵植物饮料》。竹笋汁饮品对1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(DPPH)自由基清除率为64.03%,羟自由基(·OH)清除率为46.62%,说明其具有一定的抗氧化能力。

使用模拟目标试验框架对脑出血患者是否应停用他汀类药物相关研究的方法学质量评价

目的:使用模拟目标试验(TTE)框架,对脑出血(ICH)患者是否停用他汀类药物的观察性研究进行方法学质量评价,总结可以避免的常见方法学缺陷,为后续研究设计提供方法学参考。方法:通过文献研究法筛选符合纳入与排除标准的文献,使用TTE框架评价所纳入文献的方法学质量,包括纳入与排除标准、治疗策略、随机分配方法、随访的开始及结束、结局指标、因果对比、统计分析方案等7个方面。结果:共纳入8篇队列研究,将患者分为两组,其中暴露组患者停用他汀类药物,非暴露组患者继续使用他汀类药物。方法学评价存在以下问题,2项研究将基线后的信息作为排除标准;4项研究未具体描述治疗策略;4项研究无模拟随机分配的方法;3项研究的协变量选择没有明确的文献依据;1项研究未描述随访的时间节点;所有研究均未明确指出采用意向性治疗(ITT)分析或符合方案(PP)分析;仅2项研究描述了处理缺失数据的方法,但选择了直接删除有缺失数据的患者。结论:未来ICH后中止他汀类药物对临床预后影响的类似研究应避免使用基线后的信息来定义纳入与排除标准,明确因果推断(理想情况下同时包括ITT和PP分析),并考虑使用文献综述或临床经验进行协变量的筛选(最好使用有向无环图)。

中文版炎症性肠病残疾测量工具测量特征的系统评价

目的系统评价中文版炎症性肠病残疾测量工具的测量学特性及方法学质量。方法本研究系统检索PubMed、Web of Science数据库及中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库中与炎症性肠病患者残疾测量工具测量学特性评价相关的研究,检索时限为建库至2023年9月12日。依据健康测量工具遴选标准(COSMIN)要求,由2名研究者独立进行文献筛选和资料提取。采用COSMIN偏倚风险清单及质量标准评定工具的测量学特性并形成最终推荐意见。结果本研究共纳入5篇文献,涉及4种中文版炎症性肠病残疾测量工具。纳入研究均未完整报告COSMIN方法学质量推荐的共10项测量特性,最终纳入的研究工具均为B级或C级推荐。结论推荐临床可暂时使用中文版炎症性肠病残疾指数、汉化版炎症性肠病患者疾病负担程度量表评估炎症性肠病患者的残疾情况,但其测量学特性尚需进一步验证。

飞行学员训练绩效评估方法研究

为探究影响飞行学员训练绩效的相关因素,通过文献分析和专家访谈初步收集相关训练绩效指标,面向各航校飞行教员进行调研。通过描述性分析、肯德尔系数一致性检验,选取17个指标来构建飞行员学员绩效模型的4个维度;并采用层次分析法对各指标进行赋权,构建了飞行学员训练绩效指标模型;使用模糊综合评价法检验模型的信度,并引入旋转因子分析法检验模型的效度。

“培土生金法”治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期的系统评价/Meta分析的再评价

目的:对“培土生金法”治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期的系统评价/Meta分析进行再评价,为“培土生金法”在COPD稳定期的选择提供循证依据。方法:计算机检索7个中英文数据库,时限均为建库至2023年6月1日,经文献筛选、数据提取后,应用AMSTAR 2软件对纳入文献的方法学质量进行评价,应用GRADE系统工具对所有结局指标进行证据质量分级。结果:共纳入13篇系统评价/Meta分析,109次结局指标;AMSTAR 2软件分析显示,1篇文献为低质量,11篇文献为极低质量;GRADE分级显示,11次结局指标为中等级别,58次结局指标为低级,40次结局指标为极低级。结论:“培土生金法”干预COPD稳定期确有优势、安全性好,但研究的方法学质量及证据质量偏低。为此,今后应进行高质量研究,另外,对系统评价的撰写应客观规范。

4种胶乳免疫比浊法淀粉样蛋白A试剂检测性能及结果一致性评价

目的评估4种淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)试剂分析性能和结果一致性。方法性能评价。收集临床检测剩余样本,参考CLSI相关文件,评估4种淀粉样蛋白A试剂的精密度、线性、稀释验证、干扰、携带污染及参考区间,并对4种试剂(分别标记A~D)进行方法学比对及偏移评估。结果A、B、C、D4种试剂检测SAA的重复性和实验室内不精密度均<4%。在声称的分析测量范围内均呈线性(R^(2)>0.99)。4种试剂的稀释回收率为90.0%~103.1%、90.3%~138.1%、116.9%~131.2%、97.5%~102.0%。检测20例表观健康人,每种试剂均有18例(90%)检测结果在制造商提供的参考区间内。共纳入47临床样本进行比对,与4种试剂检测结果的均值相比,分别有11例(23.4%)、13例(27.7%)、3例(6.4%)、6例(12.8%)偏差超过±15%。样本中游离胆红素≤364.8μmol/L、结合胆红素≤327.7μmol/L、血红蛋白≤4.98g/L、乳糜≤1599.2 FTU时,百分偏差均在±10%以内。结论本研究评估的4种胶乳免疫比浊法SAA试剂在全自动生化分析上检测的精密度、线性、抗干扰能力均符合制造商声称要求,但部分试剂稀释回收性能不符合要求,不同试剂检测临床样本结果一致性有待提高,临床实验室在选用前应严格评估。

中国穴位贴敷实践指南的方法学质量评价

目的系统评价中国穴位贴敷指南的方法学质量。方法计算机检索CNKI、WanFang Data、VIP和医脉通数据库,以及中华中医药学会的网站,搜集中国国内发表的穴位贴敷的相关指南,检索时限均为建库至2022年5月。由3名研究者独立采用AGREEⅡ工具对纳入的指南进行方法学质量评价。结果共纳入10部指南,6个领域的平均得分依次为:范围和目的(66.30%),参与人员(46.67%),制订的严谨性(32.92%),清晰性(64.07%),应用性(27.50%),编辑独立性(9.72%)。结论我国现有穴位贴敷指南数量较少,且方法学质量不高,今后在指南制订中应按照国际公认的指南制订规范和流程,进一步提高我国穴位贴敷指南质量。

PB试验结合BBD响应面法优化纳豆γ-聚谷氨酸发酵条件

为探究发酵纳豆γ-聚谷氨酸(poly-γ-glutamic acid,γ-PGA)产量和感官品质的最佳发酵条件,本实验以纳豆发酵后的γ-PGA产量和感官评价的综合评分为指标,利用单因素实验、Plackett-Burman试验设计、最陡爬坡试验和Box-Behnken响应面法优化纳豆发酵工艺。确定纳豆的最佳发酵条件为:大豆浸泡pH7.2,发酵温度37.10℃,发酵时间24.20 h,接种量4.00%,装瓶量19.90%,在此优化条件下,γ-PGA产量达3.65 mg/g,感官评分为31.67,综合评分为10.04,实验结果与模型预测值无显著性差异,稳定可靠。

立他司特滴眼液处方工艺优化及对干眼症疗效评价

为了研制更有效的用于治疗干眼症的药物,进行了立他司特滴眼液的制备研究,并进行了体内外的安全性和有效性考察。首先开发了滴眼液中立他司特的含量测定方法。通过文献调研及单因素实验确定了制剂的处方组成和制备工艺。最后通过Draize眼刺激性试验和HE染色进行滴眼液安全性评价,以泪液分泌试验及ELISA试验评价其对于干眼兔的治疗有效性。结果表明,立他司特滴眼液的最终处方组成为立他司特5%、氯化钠0.4%、无水磷酸氢二钠0.3%~0.4%、五水硫代硫酸钠0.3%,氢氧化钠0.3%,外观为透明略带棕黄色的溶液,pH满足7.75±0.05,渗透压200~330 mOsmol/kg范围内,且60℃下3个月内稳定性良好。刺激性研究与生理盐水对比无显著差异,立他司特滴眼液治疗后兔泪液分泌增加且泪液中炎症因子IL-6和IL-1β、TNF-α表达均显著性降低,且相比于市售乳剂环孢素滴眼液起效更快。结果表明,立他司特滴眼液制备方法简单,稳定性好,是干眼症快速治疗更优的选择。

铅胁迫下玉米苗期根系性状特征及评价方法

本文运用水培法(1000 mg·L^(−1)的硝酸铅溶液)在苗期对37份玉米品种进行铅胁迫处理,分别测定其根系总长度、根表面积、平均直径、根体积、根尖数、分叉数、交叉数、根系鲜重、根系干重和根冠比等性状,利用方差分析、主成分隶属函数分析、聚类分析、相关性分析、回归分析等进行耐铅性评价及分类。结果表明,在铅胁迫条件下玉米根系性状均受到显著影响,除根系平均直径外,其它根系性状均有一定程度的下降。方差分析表明,根干重处理间呈极显著差异,材料间呈显著差异,其余性状材料间和处理间均呈现极显著差异水平。通过主成分分析和聚类分析,将玉米苗期耐铅性分为6类,即2份高耐品种、3份耐品种、5份中等品种、8份低耐品种、14份敏感品种、5份高敏品种。最后利用相关性和回归分析建立了玉米苗期耐铅性模型:D=−0.287+0.168×根总长度+0.148×根表面积+0.087×根体积+0.041×根尖数+0.125×分叉数+0.119×交叉数+0.138×根系鲜重+0.089×根系干重。本研究综合运用多种分析方法对37份玉米品种进行了苗期耐铅性评价,为修复铅污染土壤修复提供了种质资源。

虚拟步行的机场航站楼布局感知评价方法研究

分析了国内外航站楼建筑内部合理性布局设计的研究现状,从机场航站楼BIM建模、场景真实感处理、虚拟漫游系统架构与功能设计、搭建航站楼虚拟现实感知软硬件平台等方面,以乘客视角开展“以人为本”的出行感知评价方法的研究,旨在提升旅客在航站楼的使用体验度与满意度。

基于工程教育认证的达成度研究与实践——以建筑环境与能源应用工程专业为例

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