Rapid diagnostic method for transplutonium isotope production in high flux reactors

Transplutonium isotopes are scarce and need to be produced by irradiation in high flux reactors.However,their production is inefficient,and optimization studies are necessary.This study analyzes the physical nature of transplutonium isotope produc-tion using ^(252)Cf,^(244)Cm,^(242)Cm,and ^(238)Pu as examples.Traditional methods based on the Monte Carlo burnup calculation have the limitations of many calculations and cannot analyze the individual energy intervals in detail;thus,they cannot sup-port the refined evaluation,screening,and optimization of the irradiation schemes.After understanding the physical nature and simplifying the complexity of the production process,we propose a rapid diagnostic method for evaluating radiation schemes based on the concepts“single energy interval value(SEIV)”and“energy spectrum total value(ESTV)”.The rapid diagnostic method not only avoids tedious burnup calculations,but also provides a direction for optimization.The optimal irradiation schemes for producing ^(252)Cf,^(244)Cm,^(242)Cm,and ^(238)Pu are determined based on a rapid diagnostic method.Optimal irradiation schemes can significantly improve production efficiency.Compared with the initial scheme,the optimal scheme improved the production efficiency of ^(238)Pu by 7.41 times;^(242)Cm,11.98 times;^(244)Cm,65.20 times;and ^(252)Cf,15.08 times.Thus,a refined analysis of transplutonium isotope production is conducted and provides a theoretical basis for improving production efficiency.

Study of Failure Diagnostic Methods and Intelligent Diagnostic System for Reciprocating Compressors

Three categories of failure diagnostic methods for reciprocating compressors are classified according to the signals adopted by the diagnosis. They are parameter method, vibration method, and oil analysis method. In this paper, the applicable range and operational difficulties of these methods are discussed on the basis of analysis and induction upon normal failure. It is proposed that a compressor's normal failure can be divided into thermodynamical property failure and mechanical function failure. As to the former, the parameter method that takes a cylinder pressure signal as the main diagnostic signal may be applied; and as to the latter, the vibration signal frequency spectrum can be used to diagnose. At the same time, the structure of an intelligent diagnostic system based on neural networks is introduced, and its schematic is given.

Advances in Laboratory Diagnostic Methods for Duck Circovirus Infection

Duck circovirus infection is an immunosuppressive disease that is characterized by growth retardant and odd deaths. Its infection is usually combined with other pathogens, making the clinical diagnosis more difficult. With the rapid development of molecular biological and immunological technologies, the laboratory diagnostic methods for duck circovirus infection also advance greatly. The paper summarizes the research advances in various laboratory detection methods for duck cireovirus infection including PCR, nested PCR, multiple PCR, fluorescence quantitative PCR, LAMP, nucleic acid probe and ELISA, as well as their ad- vantages and shortages, aiming at providing reference for finding novel detection methods and for the diagnosis and comprehensive prevention and control.

Reliable Method for Steady-State Concentrations and Current over the Diagnostic Biosensor Transducers

A mathematical modelling of diagnostic biosensors system at three basic types of enzyme kinetics is discussed in the presence of diffusion. Enzyme kinetics is adopted to be first order, Michaelis-Menten and ping-pong mechanism. In this paper, approximate analytical solutions are obtained for the non-linear equations under steady-state conditions by using the new Homotopy perturbation method. Simple and closed forms of analytical expressions for concentrations of substrate, product and co-substrate and corresponding current response have been derived for all possible values of parameters. Furthermore, the numerical simulation of the problem is also reported here by using Matlab program. Good agreement between analytical and numerical results is noted.

Diagnostic Validity of Cica Beta Test 1 for the Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Gram Negative Bacteria by Comparing with Phenotypic Method

Background: Detection of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing bacteria is an important issue in the clinical settings. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to validate the Cica Beta Test 1 for detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria. Method: This analytical type of cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from January 2006 to December 2006 for a period of one (01) year. All the patients presented with the clinical features of urinary tract infection and surgical as well as burn wound infection at any age with both sexes were selected as study population. All bacteria were isolated and identified by their colony morphology, staining characters, pigment production, motility and other relevant biochemical tests. Phenotypic confirmation of ESBLs producing isolates were done by inhibitor potentiated disc diffusion test according to CLSI recommendation. The Cica Beta Test 1 was performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Result: A total number of 288 Gram negative bacteria were isolated. Among these isolates Cica Beta test 1 was positive in 97 strains and phenotypic confirmatory test was positive in 89 strains. The test sensitivity of Cica Beta Test 1 was 100% (95% CI 95.9% to 100.0%). Specificity of the test was 96.0% (95% CI 92.2% to 98.2%). The positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 92.7% (95% CI 84.5% to 95.7%) and 100.0% (95% CI 98.0% to 100.0%) respectively. The accuracy of the test was 97.2% (95% CI 95.1% to 99.1%). Area under ROC curve = 0.980 (95% CI 0.964 to 0.996);p value 0.0001. Conclusion: In conclusion, Cica Beta Test 1 is very high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of ESBL from Gram negative bacteria.

Research Progress of Noninvasive Diagnostic Methods for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Distinguishing between nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) and advanced liver fibrosis is the key for clinical diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). Liver biopsy, which is widely used for diagnosis of liver diseases at present, has many drawbacks, such as being invasive, expensive and unstable. This article compares and summarizes the commonly used non-invasive diagnostic methods, including their diagnostic parameters, advantages and disadvantages, in order to provide a useful reference for the diagnosis of NASH.

A Diagnostic Method for Fog Forecasting Using Numerical Weather Prediction(NWP)Model Outputs

An attempt has been made in the present study to forecast fog with a diagnostic method using the outputs of global NWP model.The diagnostic method is based on the combination of thresholds of meteorological variables involved in fog formation.The thresholds are computed using the observations during fog.These thresholds are applied to the output of a global NWP model for forecasting fog.The occurrence of fog is a common phenomenon during winter season over the northern plains of India.The diagnostic method is used to predict fog occurrences over three stations in north India.The proposed method is able to predict both occurrences and non-occurrences of fog at all the three stations.It is found that 94%of the fog events forecasted by the model using the diagnostic method have been actually observed at the selected stations.The performance of method in predicting fog is found best over Delhi with the highest accuracy(0.61)and probability of detection(0.60).The study signifies that diagnostic approach based on the output of a global model is a useful tool for predicting fog over a single location.

Development and refinement of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for managing patients with cardiogenic stroke:An arduous journey

Cardioembolic stroke,referred to as cardiogenic stroke,is a clinical syndrome in which emboli from the heart pass through the circulatory system and cause cerebral artery embolism and corresponding brain dysfunction.Compared to other subtypes of ischemic stroke,cardiogenic stroke presents with more etiologies,greater severity,worse prognosis,and a higher recurrence rate.In this minireview,we provide new insights into the etiological classification,diagnostic methods,and interventions of cardiogenic stroke.

The Pathogenetic Concept of the Diagnostic-Treatment Approach for Patients with Purulent-Septic Complications

Background: The significant improvement of immediate and long-term functional results of treating patients is the fundamental problem of modern medical science. A deep understanding of the pathogenesis is the key point in creating the management strategy for patients with various diseases. Information about the mechanisms of origin and development of purulent-inflammatory diseases and sepsis is essential for finding effective ways to prevent and treat them. The aim of the research is to use the method of fluorescence spectroscopy in creating the pathogenetic diagnostic and treatment model for the prevention and treatment of purulent-inflammatory diseases and sepsis, modification of treatment tactics, search for new markers of purulent-septic diseases, as well as monitoring of patients during the treatment. Materials and methods: The proposed approach, along with standard diagnostic methods, was used to organize the treatment process of 100 patients with purulent-inflammatory diseases, including 15 patients with sepsis, 35 with acute inflammatory abdominal pathology, 20 patients with burn injury (main group) and 35 patients with burn injury (comparison group). Results: The behavior of spectral-fluorescent characteristics in their dynamics has been studied, and the new markers for assessing patients’ conditions have been proposed. Their effectiveness for the diagnosis of purulent-septic diseases has been proved, which advances the results of standard research methods by 24 - 48 hours. Conclusions: The proposed diagnostic and treatment approach is fundamentally important for diagnosis and monitoring during the treatment of patients with purulent-septic diseases. Particularly relevant is the proposal to modify the treatment process for these patients, associated with the use of infusion of donor albumin solutions.

An Assessment of Awareness of Specialists in Adequate Diagnostics of Chronic Pancreatitis in Kazakhstan

Our national center of gastroenterology provides highly specialized care, including chronic pancreatitis. Another area of our activities is educational programs, including postgraduate and fellows’ courses. Thereby, we have noted significant gaps in the knowledge of the specialists that involved in the chronic pancreatitis management. The most critical downsides are related to insufficient attention to etiology and risk factors, using outdated classifications, the lack of knowledge in arsenal of diagnostic techniques, polypharmacy or application of low level of evidence treatment methods. Finally, we have made amendments in the National Clinical Protocol in Chronic Pancreatitis [1], updated the State Educational Standard for residents of the gastroenterological profile [2]. The aim of the study was the analysis of the basic knowledge among different specialists in the management of chronic pancreatitis (CP) around the country. This qualitative study consists of two parts, including focus group interviews followed by interviews with the specialists across the country, which was conducted during the period 2015-2018. In this paper, we present results of diagnostic approaches at the different levels of medical care. The general practitioners have noted the absence of modern methods of laboratory and visual diagnostics in their routine practice, therefore explaining the plenty of the complicated forms. Another issue is the low specialist’s adherence to clinical guidelines, poor knowledge of the risk factors and overestimation of the clinical presentation value except malnutrition symptoms. On the other hand, surgeons and other specialists are not ready to implement modern diagnostic tools and methods in their practice. Obviously, in accordance with the results of our study, our educational center should conduct a number of training activities, as well as develop new algorithms for medical care specialists.

Current Problems of the Diagnostics and Treatment of Sepsis and Burn Injuries: The Modified Pathogenetic Concept

Background: The deep understanding of pathogenesis is a key moment in the formation of the modern strategy of modern medicine. We conducted the thorough analysis of the microscopic processes occurring in the bodies of patients with purulent-septic complications. The modified pathogenetic concept of the diagnostic and treatment model of diseases with septic complications is presented. The obtained information about the mechanisms of origin and development of these diseases is fundamentally important for finding the modern effective methods of treating patients. The aim of the research is to modify treatment tactics for patients with sepsis and burn injuries based on the modified pathogenetic concept using modern diagnostics, i.e. the method of fluorescence spectroscopy (MFS) and biomarkers. Materials and Methods: The proposed modified pathogenetic concept of the diagnostic and treatment model of diseases with purulent-septic complications along with standard methods was used successfully for effective treatment of 15 patients with sepsis and 25 with burn injuries. Results: 3 main scenarios of behaviour of spectral-fluorescence characteristics of patients with sepsis are illustrated. Spectral-fluorescence markers of sepsis were studied, which are informative 24 to 48 hours before the appearance of obvious clinical and laboratory signs of significant changes in the general somatic status of patients. Conclusions: The proposed diagnostic and therapeutic approach is new and fundamentally important for diagnostics and monitoring of the process of treatment of patients with purulent-septic diseases and burn injuries. An in-depth understanding of the dynamics of septic complications and the corresponding changes of the main markers of these diseases during treatment is especially relevant. The use of infusion therapy with solutions of donor albumin as an effective pathogenetic treatment is scientifically justified.

Intelligent System for Parallel Fault-Tolerant Diagnostic Tests Construction

This investigation deals with the intelligent system for parallel fault-tolerant diagnostic tests construction. A modified parallel algorithm for fault-tolerant diagnostic tests construction is proposed. The algorithm is allowed to optimize processing time on tests construction. A matrix model of data and knowledge representation, as well as various kinds of regularities in data and knowledge are presented. Applied intelligent system for diagnostic of mental health of population which is developed with the use of intelligent system for parallel fault-tolerant DTs construction is suggested.

Prevalence of Tuberculosis and Evolution in Diagnostic Methods over the Last 10 Years in Burkina Faso

Introduction: Burkina Faso, a West African country, has also seen a resurgence in new cases of tuberculosis. It would be useful to have an overview of how prevalence and diagnostic methods have changed in recent years. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of tuberculosis in Burkina Faso over the past 10 years and to summarize the diagnostic methods used. Material and Methods: A review of studies published between 2014 and 2024 on the prevalence of tuberculosis in Burkina Faso and the diagnostic methods used were carried out using the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis” (PRISMA). Relevant publications were selected from the PubMed/Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases. Results: Most of the studies on the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Burkina Faso found in this review were generally hospital-based and included both child and adult populations. Prevalence rates ranged from 15% to 63.36%, with a calculated overall prevalence of 31.58% [(n = 348;95% CI (26.86 - 36.30)] in the studies examined. The majority of authors used microscopy, which is the standard diagnostic method. Molecular techniques such as GeneXpert were associated with microscopy in over 70% of studies, compared with less than 30% for culture. Conclusion: At the end of this study, the number of reported cases fluctuated over the years. In terms of diagnostic methods, in the last 10 years, more specific molecular techniques have been introduced, along with the use of alternative samples to sputum for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

人工智能信息技术在中医四诊现代化研究中的应用现状与展望

随着人工智能信息技术爆发式发展,其在中医领域的应用也逐渐普及。随着现代信息技术的发展,中医诊断学中的望、闻、问、切四诊技术逐渐客观化、标准化、信息化与智能化。借助人工智能、大数据、智能医疗器械等关键要素,提升中医四诊融合及诊断水平,并为中医学的发展注入新的活力,是中医诊断学尤其是四诊技术发展的必然趋势。梳理了近年来中医望诊、闻诊、问诊和切诊的智能化发展及四诊融合概况,以期为中医诊断学及中医现代化的发展提供必要的信息化与智能化发展思路。

学四诊之法 把结构之脉

为解决中药化学课程教学中,因中药化学成分结构复杂、结构鉴定难度大导致学生较难掌握的问题,借鉴中医“四诊”之法的整体观,构建“四诊法”教学。即在讲授中药化学成分结构鉴定内容时,借鉴“望、闻、问、切”四诊之法,综合分析其成分的来源与结构类型、性质与结构特点、波谱特征与结构取代情况之间的关系,培养学生综合理解和运用所学知识解决实际问题的能力。该法分析中药化学成分结构鉴定的相关信息,依照望、闻、问、切的次序,抽丝剥茧地解析出化合物结构,有助于学生理解中药化学成分结构鉴定的过程和意义。将此法应用于中药化学成分结构鉴定课程教学中,将中医整体观与现代科学研究结果有机结合,可解决教学重难点问题,有助于培养学生的中医药思维和科学思维。

新生儿早发性败血症分子诊断方法新进展

新生儿败血症是一个全球性的健康问题,严重影响新生儿的身体健康及生命安全;在早产儿中,其发病率更高,尤其是出生后72 h内的早发性败血症(EOS)。新生儿EOS的诊断需进行一系列检查,早期和准确的诊断能够及时改善患儿临床结局并减少抗生素的过度使用。目前,EOS诊断的常用生物标志物和传统血培养方法具有一定缺点,因此寻找新的分子诊断方法迫在眉睫。本文总结并比较了新生儿EOS的早期与新型诊断方法,以期为临床提供参考。

Healthcare professionals'knowledge,attitude and practice towards ischemic bowel disease

BACKGROUND Ischemic bowel disease(IBD)is a critical condition caused by reduced blood flow to the intestines,leading to tissue damage and potentially severe complications.Early recognition and timely management are essential for improving patient outcomes and reducing morbidity and mortality associated with IBD.AIM To evaluate the knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP)of healthcare professionals regarding IBD.METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare professionals in China from November 2023 to December 2023 using a self-designed questionnaire.RESULTS A total of 315 valid questionnaires were analyzed,with 215 participants(68.25%)being female.The mean KAP scores were 17.55±5.35(range:0-24),27.65±2.77(range:8-40),and 18.88±4.23(range:6-30),respectively.Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed the following factors to be independently associated with knowledge:Age 26-35 years(β=2.80,95%CI:0.31-5.30,P=0.028),professional title(β=2.66,95%CI:0.91-4.41,P=0.003),position(β=-3.78,95%CI:-5.45 to-2.11,P<0.001),participation in IBD-related training(β=3.45,95%CI:2.39-4.51,P<0.001),and admission of more than five IBD cases in the past month(β=3.25,95%CI:1.58-4.92,P<0.001).Attitude was independently associated with knowledge(β=0.20,95%CI:0.15-0.26,P<0.001)and being a nurse or nursing supervisor(β=-1.30,95%CI:-2.16 to-0.40,P=0.003).Practice was independently associated with knowledge(β=0.20,95%CI:0.10-0.30,P<0.001)and attitude(β=0.24,95%CI:0.06-0.42,P=0.007).Structural equation modeling demonstrated direct effects of knowledge on attitude(β=0.24,P<0.001)and practice(β=0.26,P<0.001),as well as of attitude on practice(β=0.22,P=0.012).CONCLUSION Healthcare professionals demonstrated adequate knowledge but moderate attitude and inactive practice regarding IBD.Addressing the gaps in attitude and practice through targeted training programs and interventions is essential for improving patient care and outcomes.

对金属构件失效模式诊断技术与方法的探讨

为了提高金属构件的整体应用性能,需要对金属构件的实际情况进行诊断,准确掌握金属构件的具体性能。各种机械装备金属构件诊断分析过程中可能发生失效情况。对失效形式进行分析,掌握金属构件失效的具体原因,并从不同角度出发明确金属构件失效模式诊断技术的应用要点和具体的诊断流程,能够为提高金属构件失效模式诊断效果提供可靠支撑。同时根据分析结果提出金属构件失效模式预防对策是保证金属构件应用效果的重要手段。

隐匿性听力损失发病机制和诊断方法研究进展

隐匿性听力损失以纯音测听结果正常,但伴有严重噪声环境下言语识别功能障碍为特点。目前,有1%~10%的听阈正常人群有隐匿性听力损失的症状表现。与其他类型的感音神经性听力损失不同,隐匿性听力损失的病理损伤不伴有毛细胞死亡或丢失,而以毛细胞和螺旋神经节细胞间带状突触丢失为主要表现。早期患有隐匿性听力损失的患者未来更易产生老年性听力损失,对耳毒性药物和噪声的耐受性也会发生显著下降。因此,为了更好应对隐匿性听力损失带来的影响,本文就隐匿性听力损失发病机制和诊断方法的研究进展做一综述。

Comparisons of Methods for Pregnancy Diagnosis in Female Poodles

In this study, five 2 -4 years old healthy female poodles were selected and mated after spontaneous estrus for pregnancy diagnosis with external observa- tion, human chorionic gonadotropin colloidal gold rapid test strips （human early pregnancy test strips）, ultrasonic diagnosis and blood routine examination. Accord- ing to the results, female dogs showed abdominal circumference increment and mammogenesis from a month post-mating to parturition and lactated before parturi- tion. At 5, 6, 7, 15, 25 and 35 d post-mating, pregnancy diagnosis with human chorionic gonadotropin colloidal gold rapid test strips showed negative results. Hu- man early pregnancy test strips can not be used for pregnancy diagnosis in female dogs. Currently, ultrasonic method is the most accurate method to diagnose preg- nancy in female dogs, and the optimal diagnosis time is the 30th d post-mating. External observation and blood routine examination can be used as auxiliary methods to diagnose pregnancy in female dogs.