Loss of energetic particles due to feedback control of resistive wall mode in HL-3

Effects of three-dimensional(3D)magnetic field perturbations due to feedback control of an unstable n=1(n is toroidal mode number)resistive wall mode(RWM)on the energetic particle(EP)losses are systematically investigated for the HL-3 tokamak.The MARS-F(Liu et al 2000 Phys.Plasmas 73681)code,facilitated by the test particle guiding center tracing module REORBIT,is utilized for the study.The RWM is found to generally produce no EP loss for cocurrent particles in HL-3.Assuming the same perturbation level at the sensor location for the close-loop system,feedback produces nearly the same loss of counter-current EPs compared to the open-loop case.Assuming however that the sensor signal is ten times smaller in the close-loop system than the open-loop counter part(reflecting the fact that the RWM is more stable with feedback),the counter-current EP loss is found significantly reduced in the former.Most of EP losses occur only for particles launched close to the plasma edge,while particles launched further away from the plasma boundary experience much less loss.The strike points of lost EPs on the HL-3 limiting surface become more scattered for particles launched closer to the plasma boundary.Taking into account the full gyro-orbit of particles while approaching the limiting surface,REORBIT finds slightly enhanced loss fraction.

Exploring mechanism of hidden,steep obliquely inclined bedding landslides using a 3DEC model:A case study of the Shanyang landslide in Shaanxi Province,China

Catastrophic geological disasters frequently occur on slopes with obliquely inclined bedding structures(also referred to as obliquely inclined bedding slopes),where the apparent dip sliding is not readily visible.This phenomenon has become a focal point in landslide research.Yet,there is a lack of studies on the failure modes and mechanisms of hidden,steep obliquely inclined bedding slopes.This study investigated the Shanyang landslide in Shaanxi Province,China.Using field investigations,laboratory tests of geotechnical parameters,and the 3DEC software,this study developed a numerical model of the landslide to analyze the failure process of such slopes.The findings indicate that the Shanyang landslide primarily crept along a weak interlayer under the action of gravity.The landslide,initially following a dip angle with the support of a stable inclined rock mass,shifted direction under the influence of argillization in the weak interlayer,moving towards the apparent dip angle.The slide resistance effect of the karstic dissolution zone was increasingly significant during this process,with lateral friction being the primary resistance force.A reduction in the lateral friction due to karstic dissolution made the apparent dip sliding characteristics of the Shanyang landslide more pronounced.Notably,deformations such as bending and uplift at the slope’s foot suggest that the main slide resistance shifts from lateral friction within the karstic dissolution zone to the slope foot’s resistance force,leading to the eventual buckling failure of the landslide.This study unveils a novel failure mode of apparent dip creep-buckling in the Shanyang landslide,highlighting the critical role of lateral friction from the karstic dissolution zone in its failure mechanism.These insights offer a valuable reference for mitigating risks and preventing disasters related to obliquely inclined bedding landslides.

Dynamic Modelling of a Hybrid Variable Reluctance Machine Using the 3D Finite Element Method

This paper presents the work carried out to evaluate the dynamic performance of the Hybrid Variable Reluctance Motor (HVRM). The fourth-order Runge-Kutta integration algorithm was employed to solve the equations of the dynamic model, in conjunction with the three-dimensional finite element method. The 3D numerical data was calculated using Comsol Multiphysics, which accounts for the nonlinearity of the ferromagnetic material and the 3D nature of the HVRM. The outcomes of this study are precise and accurately predict the dynamic behaviour of the HVRM in terms of rotor position response, rotational speed and torque. The distinctive contribution of this work lies in the 3D numerical modelling of the HVRM and the subsequent evaluation and analysis of its dynamic operation. Analytical and numerical 2D studies are less resource-intensive and time-consuming, and are more straightforward and rapid to analyse and interpret. However, they are constrained in their capacity to examine spatial, volumetric interactions and intricate dynamics such as flux studies where three 3D effects cannot be disregarded, winding end effects and the configuration and positioning of the interposed permanent magnet.

32×32 Si盖革模式激光焦平面探测器

为了满足350 nm~1100 nm波长范围内远距离及微弱激光3维成像探测的需求,提出了一种规模为32×32的盖革模式硅激光焦平面阵列探测器,它主要由硅雪崩光电二极管阵列、读出电路芯片、微透镜阵列、半导体制冷器、引脚网格阵列壳体等元件组成。硅雪崩光电二极管焦平面阵列采用拉通型N^(+)-Π_(1)-P^(-)-Π_(2)-P^(+)结构,工作在盖革模式下,通过Si片背面抛磨减薄及盲孔刻蚀技术,实现了纤薄光敏区的加工;读出电路采用主动模式淬灭设计,使电路单元的死时间控制在50 ns以内,并利用一种带相移技术的时间数字转换电路优化方案,在满足时间分辨率不大于2 ns的同时,降低了读出电路芯片的功耗。结果表明,在反向过偏电压14 V、工作温度-40℃的条件下,该探测器在850 nm的目标波长可实现20.7%的平均光子探测效率与0.59 kHz的平均暗计数率,时间分辨率为1 ns,有效像元率优于97%。该研究为纤薄型背进光Si基激光焦平面探测器的研制提供了参考。

机械硕士专业学位研究生“1+2+3”培养模式研究

针对当前机械硕士专业学位研究生实践能力难以满足国家高水平工程技术人才需要,以及院校与企业之间合作不够深入,共同培养研究生机制不健全等问题。该文对以学生能力培养为中心,校企联动培养为路径,学科互融、课堂贯通、双导师制为保障的1个中心、2个主体、3重保障的“1+2+3”人才培养模式进行了研究。通过理论与实践、高校与企业的有机融合,增强了机械硕士专业学位研究生的实践与创新能力,提高了机械专业学生的就业率和就业质量,满足了当下企业对复合型人才的需求。

“新工科”背景下建筑设计人才“3+3+3”培养模式的建构

“新工科”国家战略的推动下,我国高等院校建筑人才培养面临新的挑战,建筑设计人才培养体系、培养质量与“新工科”建设愿景仍存在差距。该研究借鉴新加坡高等教育发展历程以及新加坡国立大学建筑设计人才培养内涵,探析如何在“新工科”背景下推动建筑设计人才培养模式的建构,以培养主体、培养途径、培养层级三要素为建筑设计人才培养框架,创新性提出“3+3+3”多层级建筑人才培养模式,以期为“新工科”战略的实施提供高素质建筑设计人才保障。

“3+2”联合培养模式下本科层次职业教育数学课程衔接发展研究——以安徽机电职业技术学院为例

“3+2”联合培养模式是本科层次职业教育的主要模式之一,有利于提升本科教育与职业教育的课程衔接效果。以安徽机电职业技术学院为例,剖析本科层次职业教育数学课程衔接背景与课程开展现状,从目标衔接、内容衔接、教法衔接、考核评价衔接等方面,深入分析本科层次职业教育数学课程衔接发展的措施,有助于为“3+2”联合培养模式下本科与职业教育数学课程的顺利衔接提供参考。

“2+3”模式下种鸽氨基酸理想模式的研究

试验旨在探究“2+3”模式下种鸽氨基酸理想模式。依据扣除法原理,根据现有氨基酸需要量标准和目前的研究结果规划出一种氨基酸模式,依次将模式中赖氨酸(Lys)、蛋氨酸(Met)、色氨酸(Trp)、苏氨酸(Thr)、亮氨酸(Leu)各扣除20%,而非扣除的氨基酸保持其水平不变来确定扣除某一种氨基酸后对“2+3”模式下种鸽生产性能和血液氨基酸含量的影响,确定出理想的氨基酸比例。试验选择同一批次的144对种鸽随机分为两组,一组为72对种鸽哺乳4日龄乳鸽,另一组为72对种鸽哺乳10日龄乳鸽,两试验分别各设6个处理组,为6种氨基酸模式,每个处理12对种鸽(重复),按照50%颗粒料+50%的原粮配制种鸽饲粮。结果表明:各处理乳鸽平均日增重无显著差异(P>0.05),但扣除20%赖氨酸处理较高,且该组乳鸽死亡率低;各处理种公鸽血液氨基酸含量无显著差异(P>0.05),而种母鸽血液中天冬氨酸含量以扣除20%赖氨酸处理最低,且显著低于扣除20%蛋氨酸、色氨酸和亮氨酸处理(P<0.05)。综上,“2+3”模式下种鸽理想氨基酸模式是赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸、苏氨酸、亮氨酸水平为0.88%、0.55%、0.65%、0.2%和1.5%。

激光3维成像线性焦平面探测器读出电路研究进展

激光焦平面探测器是一种新型的光电成像器件,它利用半导体内部载流子的雪崩倍增效应实现高速、高灵敏度、纳秒级时间分辨探测,用于凝视型激光3维成像系统。探测器主要分为线性和盖革两大类,其中线性模式探测器具有响应速度快、无死时间和后脉冲、可实现单脉冲瞬时成像等优点。首先介绍了在不同应用场景下,线性模式焦平面读出电路的两种架构并简述其原理,然后阐述像素单元的关键电路模块,比较了其优缺点,最后分析了两种减小行走误差的双阈值时刻鉴别方法。为相关领域的研究者提供了一些有益的参考和借鉴。

工程车辆3-RPS座椅悬架半主动滑模控制

工程车辆处于恶劣的工作环境中,垂向单维度的被动减振无法满足实际需求。为解决该问题,依据可实现三维减振的3-RPS并联机构座椅悬架,提出一种新型三维控制策略。基于“座椅-人体”三维振动数学模型,设计一种新的三维天棚控制模型,作为滑模控制的参考对象。设计滑模控制器,并根据Lyapunov稳定判据,对控制系统的稳定性进行分析判断。利用Simulink软件建立座椅-人体受振模型,对处于E、F、G级3种路面环境中,分别采用滑模控制以及被动控制模式的座椅的减振效果进行仿真对比分析。结果表明,相较于被动控制的座椅悬架,采用三维滑模控制的座椅悬架在垂直方向上的加速度下降率在38.88%至57.06%之间;俯仰方向上的角加速度的下降率在36.00%至54.89%之间;侧倾方向上的角加速度的下降率在49.58%至59.97%之间。且可有效降低垂直方向上的加速度峰值,对于冲击载荷减振性能良好。研究成果可为半主动多维减振座椅悬架控制策略的研究提供一定参考。

高校新型科研机构大型仪器设备管理与共享“1+3”模式探究

学科交叉融合的新型科研机构是高校服务国家重大战略、开展高水平前沿交叉研究、培养高素质复合型人才的重要力量,大型仪器设备是其建设水平和科研实力的重要标志。然而,其大型仪器设备管理尚处于初期探索阶段,维护、共享和激励等方面的机制建设尚不完善。新型科研机构如何统筹管理和高效利用大型仪器设备,对机构自身及学校的科研产出和“双一流”学科建设至关重要。针对新型科研机构大型仪器设备管理与运行中存在的主要问题,通过建立“1+3”(1个核心工作小组+三级平台)的管理模式,并在体制机制、队伍建设、信息化建设等方面积极探索和有益实践,有效提升了开放共享水平,支撑了实验室科学研究。

Mass Transfer-Promoted Fe^(2+)/Fe^(3+)Circulation Steered by 3D Flow-Through Co-Catalyst System Toward Sustainable Advanced Oxidation Processes

Realizing fast and continuous generation of reactive oxygen species(ROSs)via iron-based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)is significant in the environmental and biological fields.However,current AOPs assisted by co-catalysts still suffer from the poor mass/electron transfer and non-durable promotion effect,giving rise to the sluggish Fe^(2+)/Fe^(3+)cycle and low dynamic concentration of Fe^(2+)for ROS production.Herein,we present a three-dimensional(3D)macroscale co-catalyst functionalized with molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))to achieve ultra-efficient Fe^(2+)regeneration(equilibrium Fe^(2+)ratio of 82.4%)and remarkable stability(more than 20 cycles)via a circulating flow-through process.Unlike the conventional batch-type reactor,experiments and computational fluid dynamics simulations demonstrate that the optimal utilization of the 3D active area under the flow-through mode,initiated by the convectionenhanced mass/charge transfer for Fe^(2+)reduction and then strengthened by MoS_(2)-induced flow rotation for sufficient reactant mixing,is crucial for oxidant activation and subsequent ROS generation.Strikingly,the flow-through co-catalytic system with superwetting capabilities can even tackle the intricate oily wastewater stabilized by different surfactants without the loss of pollutant degradation efficiency.Our findings highlight an innovative co-catalyst system design to expand the applicability of AOPs based technology,especially in large-scale complex wastewater treatment.

传统文化与创新的融合——基于“1+3+4”插花模式的多元化美育实践探究

传统文化在中华民族历史中扮演着重要角色,它是中华民族的瑰宝,凝结了民族的智慧和文化。当代社会,由于现代化冲击和时尚的影响,许多传统文化元素逐渐淡出人们的生活。在这个背景下,如何将传统文化融入现代生活,使之与创新相互交融,成为一个亟待解决的问题。“1+3+4”插花模式是一种将传统文化与创新相结合的实践模式,打破了传统插花模式的束缚,创造了更加多元化的艺术表现形式。本文以“1+3+4”插花模式为基础,探讨数字化时代多元化美育的实践方式。

“5+3”一体化模式下《口腔生物学》思政教育的探索

思政能力的培养是德智体美劳全面发展的高素质应用型医学人才培养的关键环节,需要将课程思政贯穿于医学教育的各个课程中,以提高未来医务工作者的综合素质。文章聚焦于“5+3”一体化模式下研究生教学改革,基于《口腔生物学》作为过渡课程的内容和特点,从教学大纲和教学目标、课程改革等方面进行了总结。以开展课程思政为中心,整合《口腔生物学》教学大纲修订,教学目标从了解理论知识到加强医德医风建设,提炼学生的思辨能力、科学素养和创新精神。课程改革从师德师风建设、教学内容、教学方法、考核评价方式等方面进行。最后根据课程评价和学生反馈分析取得的成效和存在的问题,有望为“5+3”一体化培养中其他课程的思政教育提供借鉴意义。

服务新疆能源化工产业发展的“3+1”订单式人才培养模式改革

构建能源强国,人才与科技是至关重要的一个环节。新疆作为中国能源资源禀赋突出的地区,将丰富的能源潜力转变成发展的强劲动能离不开懂工艺、懂设备,具有团队协作意识、创新精神和扎根边疆的高水平应用型人才。新疆理工学院在校企深度合作基础上,以能源化学工程专业和过程装备与控制工程专业为试点,开展校企协同“3+1”订单式人才培养模式的改革与实践。历经三年的实证研究与实践检验后,实现了对学生创新实践能力、工程素养以及团队协作精神的全方位培育,学生和用人单位的满意度不断提高,同时在能源化工行业就业的学生比例也显著增长。面向新疆能源化工产业发展的“3+1”订单式人才培养模式有助于推动创新性、工程性高水平应用型人才培养,从而实现产业升级与发展。

Boom Box 3爆炸机独立激发新模式应用开发与测试

随着国内外节点仪的应用,采用全节点仪采集的项目越来越多,有线地震仪的井炮激发方式已经不能完全适用于全节点采集系统,因此,针对全节点采集项目,以“去有线采集系统和无线电台通讯网络”为核心思路,开发出基于Boom Box 3爆炸机的独立激发新模式。本文通过对独立激发新模式的研发思路、放炮操作流程、炮后信息下载以及测试等各方面进行了详细介绍,最后,对基于Boom Box 3爆炸机独立激发新模式的优点进行了分析。

A comprehensive review of recent progress on enhancement-modeβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)FETs:Growth,devices and properties

Power electronic devices are of great importance in modern society.After decades of development,Si power devices have approached their material limits with only incremental improvements and large conversion losses.As the demand for electronic components with high efficiency dramatically increasing,new materials are needed for power device fabrication.Betaphase gallium oxide,an ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor,has been considered as a promising candidate,and variousβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)power devices with high breakdown voltages have been demonstrated.However,the realization of enhancement-mode(E-mode)β-Ga_(2)O_(3)field-effect transistors(FETs)is still challenging,which is a critical problem for a myriad of power electronic applications.Recently,researchers have made some progress on E-modeβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)FETs via various methods,and several novel structures have been fabricated.This article gives a review of the material growth,devices and properties of these E-modeβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)FETs.The key challenges and future directions in E-modeβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)FETs are also discussed.

Assessment of the Effect of “3H” Nursing Mode on Negative Emotions and Insomnia in Patients with Enterostomy

Objective: To explore the clinical significance of “3H” nursing mode in improving negative emotions and insomnia in patients with enterostomy through a prospective cohort study. Methods: Adult patients who underwent enterostomy surgery in our gastroenterology department with negative emotions and insomnia between August 2021 and August 2022 were selected as research objects and randomly divided into “3H” nursing mode group and conventional nursing management group. For the conventional nursing group, routine standard nursing mode was adopted after enterostomy, while extra systematic “3H” nursing service on the basis of conventional nursing management was applied for its counterpart. SAS and SDS scores, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, Barthel index and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results: SAS and SDS scores, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, Barthel index and nursing satisfaction of “3H” nursing mode group were evidently better than those of conventional nursing management group, and the difference was significant (P Conclusion: The “3H” nursing mode can effectively improve negative emotions of patients with enterostomy, such as anxiety and depression, improve their sleep quality and self-care ability in daily life, and play an important role in building a harmonious relationship between doctors and patients, nurses and patients, which is worthy of clinical application.

Al_(2)O_(3)厚度对SAW传感器声波模式及性能的影响

该文采用多物理场耦合的有限元模型,探究了保护层Al_(2)O_(3)厚度对以LGS为压电基底、Pt为电极的声表面波(SAW)高温传感器中声波特性及器件性能的影响。结果表明,随着Al_(2)O_(3)保护层厚度的增加,声表面波在L波方向的振动位移增加,在SH波和SV波方向的振动位移减弱,当保护层归一化厚度为6.25%时,其能量向衬底内部扩散;当保护层归一化厚度为18.75%时,Rayleigh波消失,此时为体波BAW模式;增加Al_(2)O_(3)保护层,波速v、机电耦合系数K^(2)显著升高;一阶频率温度系数τ_(f,1)和转换温度随保护层厚度的增加而升高。利用Al_(2)O_(3)薄膜对SAW温度传感器进行结构优化,为了获得良好的综合性能,归一化厚度应该在0.94%附近。

中医基础课程3×3教学模式的构建与探索——以中医各家学说课程为例

中医各家学说是中医基础课程中的临床基础课,对学生中医思维模式的培养和能力的提高具有重要意义。课程教学团队在“粤港澳高校中医药基础课程教育联盟”基础上,更新教育教学理念、整合课程内容体系,探索构建了全过程贯穿式、全方位多元化、多层次递进式的中医基础课程3×3教学新模式。从教育现状、课程建设、新模式的内涵和实施方案等方面介绍3×3教学模式,以期为其他中医基础课程提供借鉴。