Frequency Analysis on the Data of Field Fertilizer Efficiency Test and Fertilization Decision-making

To solve the problems of abnormal larger, abnormal lower or even negative of target yield and fertilizing amount recommended by part of non-typical fertilizer effect equations using agricultural experiments and statistical analysis software,Yangzhou analyzer（2.2）, regression analysis of Excel, which objected to local actual production, the study adopted the principle and method of basic knowledge and the frequency of using probability theory, and carried out statistical analysis on the rape field fertilizer experiment data by frequency analysis method, the rape yield after optimizing fertilizing amount was 1 732.4 kg/hm^2, the ranges of N, P and K optimal combinations were： N=210.36-149.64 kg/hm^2,P2O5=81.89-58.11 kg/hm^2, K2O=81.89-58.11 kg/hm^2,which was consistent with local actual production. This study was based on frequency analysis, using weighted average method to determine the production combinations of different yield objectives, hereinto, the combinations with high yield, high frequency of occurrence（dependable crop） and fertilizer-saving were viewed as the optimizing production measures, and they had the merits of increasing fertilization decision-making information, reducing or avoiding the risk of small probability event. The results of this study can solve the problem of abnormal values fertilizing amount and target yield recommended by non-typical fertilizer effect function, which did not accord with local actual production, caused by Yangzhou analyzer（2.2）, regression analysis of Excel, and DPS statistical analysis software. For the fertilizer effect function equation established by regression analysis which did not reach significance level using variance analysis, whether the method can be adapted to for carrying out fertilization decision-making, recommending optimization combinations of N, P and K fertilizers and yield under optimized fertilizing amount should be further researched in future working practice.

基于“3414”试验模型的四川盆地中部水稻氮磷钾肥效应研究

本研究采用“3414”肥料效应田间试验,旨在确定四川盆地中部资中县水稻的最佳施肥量,并构建高产施肥模型。通过设置氮、磷、钾3因素,每个因素4个水平,共14个处理,每个处理重复3次。结果表明:建立的三元二次肥料效应回归方程的相关系数(R^(2))为0.976。纯氮施用量为215.28 kg/hm^(2),五氧化二磷施用量为101.40 kg/hm^(2),氧化钾施用量为104.14 kg/hm^(2),水稻最大产量为7923.56 kg/hm^(2);纯氮最佳施用量为196.83 kg/hm^(2),五氧化二磷施用量为74.81 kg/hm^(2),氧化钾施用量为102.90 kg/hm^(2),水稻最佳产量为7867.96 kg/hm^(2)。建立的肥料效应模型可在四川盆地中部类似水稻产区推广,用于水稻生产上对施肥量的预测。

Effects of “3414” Fertilization Effect Test on the Yield and Economic Benefit of Sagittaria sagittifolia

[Objective] To screen the optimal fertilizer formula, and to lay foundation for the research on special fertilizer for Sagittaria sagittifolia production. [Method] Based on the ＂3414＂ fertilization design, the yield of S. sagittifolia in each treatment was determined, and the effects of N, P and K treatments on the yield and eco- nomic benefit of S. sagittifolia were investigated, obtaining the optimal fertilizer appli- cation ratio. [Result] N, P and K had relatively good effects on the yield of S. sagittifolia. Treatment of N2P2K3 showed the optimal fertilizer application ratio, with the yield of 18 397.80 kg/hm2, yield increasing rate of 104.77%, and net income in- crease of 80 317.35 Yuan/hm2. N fertilizer had the greatest impacts on the yield of S. sagittifolia, followed with K fertilizer; while P fertilizer showed the poorest impacts. [Conclusion] To achieve the highest yield of S. sagittifolia, the fertilizer application was as follows： N of 446.70 kg/hm2, P20 of 568.10 kg/hm2, K2O of 534.90 kg/hm2, when the highest yield was 18 612.75 kg/hm2. Fertilizer application for the optimal economic benefit was N of 420.60 kg/hm2, P2O5 of 70.50 kg/hm2, K2O of 492.15 kg/hm2, when the optimal yield was 18 579.00 kg/hm2.

贞丰县下等肥力地小麦“3414”肥料效应试验

[目的]探索贞丰县下等肥力地小麦氮、磷、钾肥最佳施肥配比。[方法]通过小麦“3414”肥料效应田间试验,对不同施肥处理的小麦产量进行分析比较,以确定最佳施肥配比。[结果]施用不同配比的氮、磷、钾肥对小麦的农艺性状和产量有不同的影响,当施肥量为N 390 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)750 kg/hm^(2),K_(2)O 124.5 kg/hm^(2)时,小麦的产量最高,为4 971.0 kg/hm^(2),较未施肥区增产2 131.5 kg/hm^(2)。[结论]在与该试验相同肥力条件的下等肥力地种植小麦,推荐最佳施肥量为:N 390 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)750 kg/hm^(2),K_(2)O 124.5 kg/hm^(2)。

基于“3414”肥效试验建立BP神经网络寻优的新模型初探

针对上海市崇明滧东地区传统施肥方式不能满足水稻需肥规律的问题,以水稻“3414”肥效试验结果为数据来源,以N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O施用量为优化目标,建立3-7-1拓扑结构BP神经网络模型,通过遗传算法得到最优产量下的最优施肥配比。预测结果表明:当地较优的施肥配比是N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O的施用量分别为24.94、0.87、4.27 kg/亩(1亩=667 m^(2)),预计最高产量为531.5 kg/亩。通过验证试验,在较优的施肥配比条件下,水稻的实际产量为548.7 kg/亩,验证了BP神经网络模型预测结果的准确性。

剑麻“3414”肥料效应研究

采用“3414”肥料效应试验方案,研究了剑麻氮磷钾肥推荐用量及养分吸收状况,为剑麻科学精准施肥提供参考。结果表明,N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)处理收获叶片数和鲜叶产量均最高,其N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O施用量分别为163.9、71.1、310.1 kg/hm^(2),比例为1.0∶0.4∶1.9。试验区土壤N、P含量均处于中等水平,土壤K含量处于低水平;叶片N含量偏高,P含量适宜,而K含量偏低,说明钾素是限制该区域剑麻产量的主要因素。随着叶片收获,不同处理平均N、P、K带走量分别为273.4、29.0、292.8 kg/hm^(2)。本试验条件下,推荐氮磷钾肥用量分别为N 126.2~141.0、P_(2)O_(5)59.0~65.8、K_(2)O 252.7~280.6 kg/hm^(2),折尿素274.3~306.5 kg/hm^(2),过磷酸钙368.8~411.3 kg/hm^(2),氯化钾421.1~467.7 kg/hm^(2),平均分别为N 133.6 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)62.4 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 266.7 kg/hm^(2),N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=1.0∶0.5∶2.0。

Studies on the Fertilization Effect and Optimal Fertilizing Amount of Brazil Banana Based on "3414" Field Trials

Fertilizer effect model such as ternary quadratic, unary quadratic, straight line and platform model was respectively used to analyze the two-year ＂3414＂ test data collected from banana garden in Fushan Town of Hainan Province. The results showed that the optimal fertilizing amount of ternary quadratic model simulation was0.374 kg/plant of N, 0.289 kg/plant of P2O5 and 0.891 kg/plant of K2 O. According to the yield trend characteristic, the optimal fertilizing amount of unary quadratic model was 0.400kg/plant of N, 0.214 kg/plant of P2O5 and 0.901kg/plant of K2 O. Thus it can be seen that only partial indices of the optimal fertilizing amount of ternary quadratic model simulation were higher than that of unary quadratic model. Considering the results, the optimal fertilizing amount of Brazil banana was 0.374-0.400kg/plant of N, 0.214-0.289 kg/plant of P2O5 and 0.891-0.901 kg/plant of K2 O.

Effects of Different N, P and K Fertilizer Levels on Growing Characters and Yield of Corn

[Objective] To provide scientific guidance for corn production in Suijiang County of Yunnan Province, explore the best recommended fertilization of corn, and provide a scientific basis for formulating the formula fertilization of corn in Suijiang County. [Method] Through carrying out ＂3414＂ corn field fertilizer efficiency experiment in Suijiang County, with the help of ＂3414＂ field experiment design and data analysis management system＂ software, the ternary quadratic and one-variable quadratic fertilizer efficiency equations on corn yield were analyzed. [Result] The optimum fertilization scheme for corn in the region was as follows： when pure N, pure P2O5 and K2O were respectively 244.38, 58.75 and 107.38 kg/hm^2, the the obtained best yield of corn was 6 975.60 kg/hm^2, and the maximum benefit was 16 888.58RMB/hm^2. [Conclusion] The reasonable formula of N, P and K fertilizers can not only improve the yield of corn, but also increase economic benefit, having certain reference significance to the development of formula fertilization of corn in Suijiang County.

Experimental Study to Improve the Agronomic Efficiency of Low Grade Fine Size Rock Phosphate

Soluble phosphate fertilizers have been preferably used in plant crop production. The cost of applying conventional water soluble phosphate fertilizer is high in developing countries since their manufacturing requires importing high grade rock phosphate （RP）. As a result, the use of indigenously available low-grade RP is gaining importance globally. In this study, experiments were carried out using clayey loamy alkaline soil to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of fine sized low grade RP with inorganic nitrogen fertilizers and it was further compared with that of soluble phosphate fertilizer （di-ammonium phosphate）, Cicer arietinum was the test crops subjected to treatments of absolute control, di-ammonium phosphate and low grade RP with varying concentrations of ammonium sulphate or ammonium nitrate. The experiments were conducted during 2012-2013 in the bid to study the growth rate and the biomass of the crop. Tests were also performed to determine the residual effects of the fertilizers on the crops. The results revealed that the combined use of low grade RP and ammonium sulphate or ammonium nitrate, at 16 kg N/ha, resulted in an agronomic efficiency, in terms of biomass of plants, comparable to that of di-ammonium phosphate and was found to be a more attractive management option for resource-poor farmers.

雪茄烟品种楚雪26号“3414”肥效试验

采用“3414”试验设计,研究氮磷钾肥料不同用量处理对雪茄烟品种楚雪26号产量和养分吸收利用的影响。结果表明:与不施肥处理相比,各施肥处理显著提高雪茄烟叶的产量,增产效果顺序为氮肥>钾肥>磷肥;氮磷钾肥料合理施用可以优化烟叶等级结构,增加茄衣和茄套的产量,提高产值;通过一元二次回归拟合发现,烟叶最大产量时的施氮量为138.75 kg/hm^(2)、施磷量为71.85 kg/hm^(2)、施钾量为361.65 kg/hm^(2)。综合考虑产量、产值、养分吸收等指标,氮肥推荐施用量为130~140 kg/hm^(2)、磷肥推荐施用量为60~70 kg/hm^(2)、钾肥推荐施用量为340~360 kg/hm^(2)。

基于“3414”试验模型的大蒜氮磷钾肥效应研究

为探索大蒜生产对N、P、K的有效利用率,建立高效的大蒜施肥模型,完善大蒜施肥技术体系,指导大蒜大田生产精准施肥,以四川早熟蒜为试验对象,采用“3414”肥料效应田间试验,摸清四川早熟蒜在弥渡县生产过程中的农艺性状、产量、肥料效应。结果表明,在该试验条件下,当667 m^(2)施N 29.64 kg、P_(2)O_(5)9.6 kg、K_(2)O 25.27 kg,可得到最佳蒜薹产量869.18 kg;当667 m^(2)施N 37.45 kg、P_(2)O_(5)10.27 kg、K_(2)O 28.78 kg,可得到最佳蒜头产量1678.48 kg,其中单位养分对蒜薹的平均增产量以氮肥最高(11.02 kg/kg),钾肥次之(0.85 kg/kg),磷肥最低(0.02 kg/kg);单位养分对蒜头的平均增产量以氮肥最高(19.26 kg/kg),钾肥次之(0.11 kg/kg),磷肥最低(-0.6 kg/kg),其中磷肥为负效应。

青海地区燕麦“3414”施肥效果及推荐施肥量

合理的施肥是提高燕麦(Avena sativa)产量的主要措施之一。以‘青引1号’为试验材料,于2012-2014年采用"3414"施肥方案,研究不同氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)配施对青海地区燕麦种子产量及经济效益的影响,旨在为青海地区燕麦的合理施肥提供依据。结果表明,不同氮、磷、钾配施处理下燕麦的产量和经济效益均高于不施肥处理,以处理N2P3K2的产量最高,达到4 785.2kg·hm-2,较不施肥处理增产1 488.9kg·hm-2,而处理N2P2K0可增收3 324.7CNY·hm-2,其增收效果最为明显;两两互作对燕麦产量的影响表现为NP>NK>PK。燕麦施肥量与产量间的一元二次方程拟合结果均典型,能够较好地反映施肥量同产量的关系,但在氮磷施用量中等水平时,随着钾肥施用量的逐渐增加,燕麦产量开始降低,因此,青海地区燕麦种植可不施用钾肥;通过氮磷的二元二次拟合方程可得出,本研究条件下获得燕麦最高产量的施肥方案为氮118.6kg·hm-2、磷177.0kg·hm-2,产量可达4 867.4kg·hm-2,纯收入为12930.9CNY·hm-2。最佳经济施肥方案为氮102.2kg·hm-2、磷102.0kg·hm-2,产量为4 731.3kg·hm-2,纯收入为13 111.6CNY·hm-2。

优化施肥对水稻养分吸收及土壤肥力变化的影响

为探究不同施肥处理对水稻产量及养分含量的影响,以及肥料三要素的利用现状,物化测土配方施肥技术。本文于2021年在广宁县宾亨镇妙村开展化肥减量增效田间肥效试验。研究结果表明,在水稻肥料利用率试验中,N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)处理较N0P_(2)K_(2)、N_(2)P0K_(2)、N_(2)P_(2)K0处理产量增加,养分含量及累积量有所提高。本试验水稻氮、磷、钾肥的利用率分别为40.29%、36.79%、58.65%。本试验开展前后土壤碱解氮肥力等级变化由高到低,土壤有效磷肥力等级变化由高到极高,N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)、N_(2)P0K_(2)处理土壤速效钾肥力等级保持为高,N0P_(2)K_(2)、N_(2)P_(2)K0处理土壤速效钾肥力等级变化由高到中。通过测土配方施肥技术,可以实现土壤释放、肥料供应与作物吸收养分相平衡,促进化肥减量增效,提高肥料利用率,实现节支增收。

“3414”肥效对江淮黄褐土芝麻产量和经济效益的影响

为了给芝麻的生产提供施肥的理论依据,采用"3414"测土配方试验设计,通过不同的NPK配比了解群体的生育变化并进行群体的产量比较,从中筛选出最佳产量和氮磷钾配比,从理论上阐述对芝麻的影响。结果表明,土壤供氮磷钾量分别为N82.95kg/hm2、P2O530.75kg/hm2、K2O69.15kg/hm2;肥料利用率分别为N13.46%、P2O519.34%、K2O23.56%。由此得出,氮磷钾配施为N120kg/hm2、P2O545kg/hm2和K2O120kg/hm2能获得最高的经济产量和效益。

测土配方施肥对玉米产量和养分利用率的影响

为指导阿克苏市玉米科学合理施肥,提高肥料利用率,实现化肥减量目标,以金谷玉6号为试验材料,研究测土配方施肥对玉米产量及养分利用率的影响。结果表明:测土配方施肥处理(施尿素446.7 kg/hm^(2)、重过磷酸钙375 kg/hm^(2)、硫酸钾156 kg/hm^(2))对玉米生长、产量及经济效益均有促进作用,净收入可达19 140.45元/hm^(2);养分利用率分别为氮肥36.26%,磷肥17.39%,钾肥41.99%。

晋北地区绿豆“3414”肥效试验

以冀绿9239为试验材料,采用测土配方施肥推荐的"3414"统一标准进行试验设计,在山西绿豆主产区怀仁县开展肥效试验。结果表明,在试验地基础肥力条件下绿豆产量为975.8 kg/hm2,相对产量为75.1%,缺氮、缺磷、缺钾条件下相对产量分别为84.7%,84.3%和90.1%。氮、磷、钾配合施用能够增加绿豆的单株荚数、单株产量、百粒质量及单位面积产量。根据产量结果拟合方程及绿豆、肥料市场价格得出,当N,P2O5,K2O使用量分别为94.12,112.57,96.25 kg/hm2时,最佳经济产量为1 253.18 kg/hm2,三要素比例为1∶1.19∶1.02。单因素肥效分析显示,各肥料施用量与绿豆产量之间均表现出典型的抛物线特征,N施用量为103.33 kg/hm2时,获得最佳经济产量1 295.07 kg/hm2;P2O5施用量为117.26 kg/hm2时,获得最佳经济产量1 257.24 kg/hm2;K2O施用量为90.41 kg/hm2时,获得最佳经济产量1 278.11 kg/hm2。

慈利县中稻测土配方施肥肥效校正试验

为校正张家界慈利县测土配方施肥参数且优化肥料配方,客观评价其施肥效益,于2021年在慈利县开展了中稻玉珍香测土配方施肥肥效校正试验。结果表明,与常规施肥相比,配方施肥有效穗数、穗总粒数和千粒重分别增加3.77%、7.69%、10.36%,产量增加349.5 kg/hm^(2),产值增加964.62元/hm^(2);与不施肥对照相比,配方施肥有效穗数、穗总粒数和千粒重分别增加6.45%、9.36%、10.86%,产量增加690.0 kg/hm^(2),产值增加1904.40元/hm^(2)。因此,测土配方施肥可满足水稻的生长发育需求,有明显的增产增收作用,值得在慈利县中稻生产中大力推广。

龙亢农场水稻“3414”肥料效应田间试验

[目的]探讨龙亢农场水稻的最佳施肥量。[方法]2017年5—11月在安徽省龙亢农场现代农业科技园进行水稻“3414”肥效试验。[结果]龙亢农场水稻最佳施肥量,N为150kg/hm^2,P2O5为60kg/hm^2,K2O为120kg/hm^2,可获得水稻9379.5kg/hm^2的产量。[结论]结果为构建龙亢农场水稻施肥模型提供了依据。

利用“3414”实验设计进行苎麻测土配方施肥研究

采用"3414"肥效试验设计,研究了测土配方施肥对苎麻产量的影响,分析了氮、磷、钾肥的肥料效应,提出了肥料效应函数模型,获得了最佳经济施肥量、最高产量施肥量。

华北沙质潮土夏玉米“3414”肥效试验

在沙质潮土条件下,采用"3414"肥效试验设计,通过不同方法对玉米产量结果与肥料施用量的回归拟合,建立不同施肥因子组合的施肥效应模型。单因子效应分析结果表明,氮、磷、钾肥料的增产效应表现为氮>磷>钾;夏玉米对钾肥的忍耐度低于磷和氮,表现为过量施用会引起产量快速降低。3种肥料因子间均存在正向交互作用,但交互作用的大小和程度在不同的模型上特点不同。通过对模型寻优分析,确定沙质潮土夏玉米N、P2O5、K2O最高产量施肥量分别为164 kg/hm2、93 kg/hm2和57 kg/hm2,投入比例为1.0∶0.6∶0.4;最佳经济施肥量分别为96 kg/hm2、78 kg/hm2和38 kg/hm2,投入比例为1.0∶0.8∶0.4。