Research,application and development of inorganic binder for casting process

Inorganic binder used in casting process has the advantages of low odor,labor-friendly conditions,and relatively low cost,which is one of the main development directions for casting molding materials in the future.However,compared to organic binders(such as resin binders),inorganic binders exhibit lower bonding strength and are more sensitive to environmental humidity.This sensitivity poses challenges,particularly in the reclamation of used sand,thus limiting their broader application.In this paper,the research and application status of inorganic binders(mainly silicate inorganic binders)and their curing methods are summarized.In addition,the research and application of phosphate inorganic binders and 3D printing inorganic binders that are being developed are introduced.Meanwhile,a detailed comparative analysis is conducted on the challenging issue of“reclamation for used sand”in the application of inorganic binders.Finally,the development direction of inorganic binders is clarified.

Shale oil development techniques and application based on ternary-element storage and flow concept in Jiyang Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,East China

The ternary-element storage and flow concept for shale oil reservoirs in Jiyang Depression of Bohai Bay Basin,East China,was proposed based on the data of more than 10000 m cores and the production of more than 60 horizontal wells.The synergy of three elements(storage,fracture and pressure)contributes to the enrichment and high production of shale oil in Jiyang Depression.The storage element controls the enrichment of shale oil;specifically,the presence of inorganic pores and fractures,as well as laminae of lime-mud rocks,in the saline lake basin,is conducive to the storage of shale oil,and the high hydrocarbon generating capacity and free hydrocarbon content are the material basis for high production.The fracture element controls the shale oil flow;specifically,natural fractures act as flow channels for shale oil to migrate and accumulate,and induced fractures communicate natural fractures to form complex fracture network,which is fundamental to high production.The pressure element controls the high and stable production of shale oil;specifically,the high formation pressure provides the drive force for the migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons,and fracturing stimulation significantly increases the elastic energy of rock and fluid,improves the imbibition replacement of oil in the pores/fractures,and reduces the stress sensitivity,guaranteeing the stable production of shale oil for a long time.Based on the ternary-element storage and flow concept,a 3D development technology was formed,with the core techniques of 3D well pattern optimization,3D balanced fracturing,and full-cycle optimization of adjustment and control.This technology effectively guides the production and provides a support to the large-scale beneficial development of shale oil in Jiyang Depression.

3D genome organization and its study in livestock breeding

Eukaryotic genomes are hierarchically packaged into cell nucleus,affecting gene regulation.The genome is organized into multiscale structural units,including chromosome territories,compartments,topologically associating domains(TADs),and DNA loops.The identification of these hierarchical structures has benefited from the development of experimental approaches,such as 3C-based methods(Hi-C,ChIA-PET,etc.),imaging tools(2D-FISH,3D-FISH,Cryo-FISH,etc.)and ligation-free methods(GAM,SPRITE,etc.).In recent two decades,numerous studies have shown that the 3D organization of genome plays essential roles in multiple cellular processes via various mechanisms,such as regulating enhancer activity and promoter-enhancer interactions.However,there are relatively few studies about the 3D genome in livestock species.Therefore,studies for exploring the function of 3D genomes in livestock are urgently needed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of potential relationships between the genome and production traits.In this review,we summarize the recent advances of 3D genomics and its biological functions in human and mouse studies,drawing inspiration to explore the 3D genomics of livestock species.We then mainly focus on the biological functions of 3D genome organization in muscle development and its implications in animal breeding.

3D bioprinting of in vitro porous hepatoma models:establishment,evaluation,and anticancer drug testing

Traditional tumor models do not tend to accurately simulate tumor growth in vitro or enable personalized treatment and are particularly unable to discover more beneficial targeted drugs.To address this,this study describes the use of threedimensional(3D)bioprinting technology to construct a 3D model with human hepatocarcinoma SMMC-7721 cells(3DP-7721)by combining gelatin methacrylate(GelMA)and poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)as two immiscible aqueous phases to form a bioink and innovatively applying fluorescent carbon quantum dots for long-term tracking of cells.The GelMA(10%,mass fraction)and PEO(1.6%,mass fraction)hydrogel with 3:1 volume ratio offered distinct pore-forming characteristics,satisfactorymechanical properties,and biocompatibility for the creation of the 3DP-7721 model.Immunofluorescence analysis and quantitative real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction(PCR)were used to evaluate the biological properties of the model.Compared with the two-dimensional culture cell model(2D-7721)and the 3D mixed culture cell model(3DM-7721),3DP-7721 significantly improved the proliferation of cells and expression of tumor-related proteins and genes.Moreover,we evaluated the differences between the three culture models and the effectiveness of antitumor drugs in the three models and discovered that the efficacy of antitumor drugs varied because of significant differences in resistance proteins and genes between the three models.In addition,the comparison of tumor formation in the three models found that the cells cultured by the 3DP-7721 model had strong tumorigenicity in nude mice.Immunohistochemical evaluation of the levels of biochemical indicators related to the formation of solid tumors showed that the 3DP-7721 model group exhibited pathological characteristics of malignant tumors,the generated solid tumors were similar to actual tumors,and the deterioration was higher.This research therefore acts as a foundation for the application of 3DP-7721 models in drug development research.

A Proposed Meta-Reality Immersive Development Pipeline: Generative AI Models and Extended Reality (XR) Content for the Metaverse

The realization of an interoperable and scalable virtual platform, currently known as the “metaverse,” is inevitable, but many technological challenges need to be overcome first. With the metaverse still in a nascent phase, research currently indicates that building a new 3D social environment capable of interoperable avatars and digital transactions will represent most of the initial investment in time and capital. The return on investment, however, is worth the financial risk for firms like Meta, Google, and Apple. While the current virtual space of the metaverse is worth $6.30 billion, that is expected to grow to $84.09 billion by the end of 2028. But the creation of an entire alternate virtual universe of 3D avatars, objects, and otherworldly cityscapes calls for a new development pipeline and workflow. Existing 3D modeling and digital twin processes, already well-established in industry and gaming, will be ported to support the need to architect and furnish this new digital world. The current development pipeline, however, is cumbersome, expensive and limited in output capacity. This paper proposes a new and innovative immersive development pipeline leveraging the recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) for 3D model creation and optimization. The previous reliance on 3D modeling software to create assets and then import into a game engine can be replaced with nearly instantaneous content creation with AI. While AI art generators like DALL-E 2 and DeepAI have been used for 2D asset creation, when combined with game engine technology, such as Unreal Engine 5 and virtualized geometry systems like Nanite, a new process for creating nearly unlimited content for immersive reality is possible. New processes and workflows, such as those proposed here, will revolutionize content creation and pave the way for Web 3.0, the metaverse and a truly 3D social environment.

Building Information Modeling-Based Secondary Development System for 3D Modeling of Underground Pipelines

Underground pipeline networks constitute a major component of urban infrastructure,and thus,it is imperative to have an efficient mechanism to manage them.This study introduces a secondary development system to efficiently model underground pipeline networks,using the building information modeling(BIM)-based software Revit.The system comprises separate pipe point and tubulation models.Using a Revit application programming interface(API),the spatial position and attribute data of the pipe points are extracted from a pipeline database,and the corresponding tubulation data are extracted from a tubulation database.Using the Family class in Revit API,the cluster in the self-built library of pipe point is inserted into the spatial location and the attribute data is added;in the same way,all pipeline instances in the pipeline system are created.The extension and localization of the model accelerated the modeling speed.The system was then used in a real construction project.The expansion of the model database and rapid modeling made the application of BIM technology in three-dimensional visualization of underground pipeline networks more convenient.Furthermore,it has applications in pipeline engineering construction and management.

3D printing applications for healthcare research and development

There is a growing demand for customised,biocompatible,and sterilisable components in the medical busi-ness.3D Printing is a disruptive technology for healthcare and provides significant research and development avenues.Simple 3D printing service gives patients low-cost individualised prostheses,implants,and gadgets,en-abling surgeons to operate more effectively with customised equipment and models;and assisting medical device manufacturers in developing new and faster goods.3D printed tissue pieces can overcome various challenges and may eventually allow medication companies to streamline research and development.In the long run,it may also assist in lowering prices and making medicines more accessible and effective for everybody.There is a growing corpus of research on the advantages of employing 3D printed anatomic models in teaching and training.The capacity to 3D printing individual anatomical diseases for practical learning is one of the funda-mental contrasts between utilising 3D and regular anatomical models.3D printing is very appealing for producing patient-specific implants.This literature review-based paper explores the role of 3D printing and 3D bioprinting in healthcare.It briefs the need and progressive steps for implementing 3D printing in healthcare and presented various facilities and enablers of 3D printing for the healthcare sector.Finally,this paper identifies and discusses the significant applications of 3D printing for healthcare research and development.3D printing services can be deployed to easily construct complex geometries in plastic or metal with good precision.This results in improved prototypes,lower costs,and lower part processing times.They can now physically create with natural materials,previously unattainable with prior technologies.Every hospital should have 3D printers in the future,allowing new organs/parts to be developed in-house.

Unified Data Model of Urban Air Pollution Dispersion and 3D Spatial City Model:Groundwork Assessment towards Sustainable Urban Development for Malaysia

Understanding the behavior of urban air pollution is important en route for sustainable urban development (SUD). Malaysia is on its mission to be a developed country by year 2020 comprehends dealing with air pollution is one of the indicators headed towards it. At present monitoring and managing air pollution in urban areas encompasses sophisticated air quality modeling and data acquisition. However, rapid developments in major cities cause difficulties in acquiring the city geometries. The existing method in acquiring city geometries data via ground or space measurement inspection such as field survey, photogrammetry, laser scanning, remote sensing or using architectural plans appears not to be practical because of its cost and efforts. Moreover, air monitoring stations deployed are intended for regional to global scale model whereby it is not accurate for urban areas with typical resolution of less than 2 km. Furthermore in urban areas, the pollutant dispersion movements are trapped between buildings initiating it to move vertically causing visualization complications which imply the limitations of existing visualization scheme that is based on two-dimensional (2D) framework. Therefore this paper aims is to perform groundwork assessment and discuss on the current scenario in Malaysia in the aspect of current policies towards SUD, air quality monitoring stations, scale model and detail discussion on air pollution dispersion model used called the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM). This research proposed the implementation of three-dimensional (3D) spatial city model as a new physical data input for OSPM. The five Level of Details (LOD) of 3D spatial city model shows the scale applicability for the dispersion model implementtation. Subsequently 3D spatial city model data commonly available on the web, by having a unified data model shows the advantages in easy data acquisition, 3D visualization of air pollution dispersion and improves visual analysis of air quality monitoring in urban areas.

0~6岁儿童血锌、25-羟基维生素D、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3的水平及临床意义

目的 探究0~6岁儿童血中锌、25-羟基维生素D[25-(OH)D]、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGFBP-3)的水平及临床意义。方法 选取2018年4月至2020年4月贵港市人民医院0~6岁儿童80例,其中21例发育缓慢患儿作为缓慢组,59例健康正常儿童作为对照组。比较2组血锌水平、25-(OH)D水平、IGFBP-3水平、骨密度、身高、体重,采用相关性分析它们的关系;多因素回归分析发育迟缓的相关影响因素。结果 缓慢组较对照组血锌[(59.79±12.33)μmol·L^(-1)比(72.09±15.47)μmol·L^(-1)]、25-(OH)D[(26.68±8.56)ng·mL^(-1)比(34.99±10.02)ng·mL^(-1)]、IGFBP-3[(0.60±0.19)ng·mL^(-1)比(0.99±0.30)ng·mL^(-1)]、身高[(81.25±8.49)cm比(103.85±11.26)cm]、体重[(11.97±3.67)kg比(16.51±5.43)kg]均更低(均P<0.05),骨密度不足者占比更高(100.00%比20.34%,P<0.05);血锌、25-(OH)D、IGFBP-3水平与儿童骨密度分级呈负相关(r=-0.515、-0.888、-0.449,均P<0.05),与身高(r=0.633、0.582、0.794)、体重(r=0.517、0.499、0.815)均呈正相关(均P<0.05);血锌(OR=0.376)、25-(OH)D(OR=0.438)、IGFBP-3水平(OR=0.735)、骨密度分级[OR=1.155(轻度不足)、1.522(中度不足)、2.374(重度不足)]均为儿童发育迟缓的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论 0~6岁发育迟缓儿童血中锌、25-(OH)D、IGFBP-3水平均较低,且三者与患儿的骨密度呈负相关,与体重和身高呈正相关,均是影响发育迟缓的危险因素。

Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cell Spheroid Culture for Drug Discovery and Development

In vitro 3D cancer spheroids (tumoroids) exhibit a drug resistance profile similar to that found in solid tumors. 3D spheroid culture methods recreate more physiologically relevant microenvironments for cells. Therefore, these models are more appropriate for cancer drug screening. We have recently developed a protocol for MCF-7 cell spheroid culture, and used this method to test the effects of different types of drugs on this estrogen-dependent breast cancer cell spheroid. Our results demonstrated that MCF-7 cells can grow spheroid in medium using a low attachment plate. We managed to grow one spheroid in each well, and the spheroid can grow over a month, the size of the spheroid can grow over a hundred times in volume. Our targeted drug experimental results suggest that estrogen sulfotransferase, steroid sulfatase, and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor may play critical roles in MCF-7 cell spheroid growth, while estrogen receptors α and β may not play an essential role in MCF-7 spheroid growth. Organoids are the miniatures of in vivo tissues and reiterate the in vivo microenvironment of a specific organ, best fit for the in vitro studies of diseases and drug development. Tumoroid, developed from cancer cell lines or patients’ tumor tissue, is the best in vitro model of in vivo tumors. 3D spheroid technology will be the best future method for drug development of cancers and other diseases. Our reported method can be developed clinically to develop personalized drugs when the patient’s tumor tissues are used to develop a spheroid culture for drug screening.

Three-dimensional stability calculation method for high and large composite slopes formed by mining stope and inner dump in adjacent open pits

The 2D limit equilibrium method is widely used for slope stability analysis.However,with the advancement of dump engineering,composite slopes often exhibit significant 3D mechanical effects.Consequently,it is of significant importance to develop an effective 3D stability calculation method for composite slopes to enhance the design and stability control of open-pit slope engineering.Using the composite slope formed by the mining stope and inner dump in Baiyinhua No.1 and No.2 open-pit coal mine as a case study,this research investigates the failure mode of composite slopes and establishes spatial shape equations for the sliding mass.By integrating the shear resistance and sliding force of each row of microstrip columns onto the bottom surface of the strip corresponding to the main sliding surface,a novel 2D equivalent physical and mechanical parameters analysis method for the strips on the main sliding surface of 3D sliding masses is proposed.Subsequently,a comprehensive 3D stability calculation method for composite slopes is developed,and the quantitative relationship between the coordinated development distance and its 3D stability coefficients is examined.The analysis reveals that the failure mode of the composite slope is characterized by cutting-bedding sliding,with the arc serving as the side interface and the weak layer as the bottom interface,while the destabilization mechanism primarily involves shear failure.The spatial form equation of the sliding mass comprises an ellipsoid and weak plane equation.The analysis revealed that when the coordinated development distance is 1500 m,the error rate between the 3D stability calculation result and the 2D stability calculation result of the composite slope is less than 8%,thereby verifying the proposed analytical method of equivalent physical and mechanical parameters and the 3D stability calculation method for composite slopes.Furthermore,the3D stability coefficient of the composite slope exhibits an exponential correlation with the coordinated development distance,with the coefficient gradually decreasing as the coordinated development distance increases.These findings provide a theoretical guideline for designing similar slope shape parameters and conducting stability analysis.

Practice and knowledge of volumetric development of deep fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs in Tarim Basin, NW China

Different from the continental layered sandstone and fracture-pore carbonate reservoirs, the fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin are mainly composed of fractured-vuggy bodies of different sizes and shapes. Based on years of study on the geological features, flow mechanisms, high-precision depiction and the recovery mode of fractured-vuggy bodies, the idea of “volumetric development” is proposed and put into practice. A “body by body” production methodology is established with respect to volumetric unit of fractures and vugs based on vuggy body’s spatial allocation and reserves. A variety of development wells, various technological methods, and multi-type injection media are used to develop this type of reservoirs in an all-around way. As a result, the resource and production structures of the Tahe oilfield are significantly improved and a highly efficient development is achieved.

Development and prospects of digital orthopedics in Hubei province

Based on the development and application of new technology,as a new interdisciplinary subject,digital orthopedics becomes an important development direction of modern medicine in the past years.Using digital orthopedics technology,such as 3D digital printing technology,mixed reality technology,provides new impetus of orthopedic surgery and indicates its great potential of precision medicine and personalized therapy for orthopedic disorders.In 2017,Hubei Branch of China Digital Orthopaedic Society of SociétéInternationale de Chirurgie Orthopédique et de Traumatologie(SICOT)was founded.It is an important milestone and academic event for the development of digital orthopedics in Hubei.After that,Hubei's digital orthopedics professionals have made great progress in clinical,scientific research,conference and social activities.The development of 5G technologies in China will provide more opportunities and challenges for global digital orthopedics in the near future.

Customized Visualizations of Urban Infill Development Scenarios for Local Stakeholders

Infill development has been seen as one of the solutions to urban challenges. However, it changes the dynamics and visual appearance of the neighborhood. As infill development usually requires the acceptance of local stakeholders, their perceptions of the resulting intensified housing have a significant role. In this study, customized visualizations illustrating scenarios of infill development were made from the perspective of individual apartments in neighboring residential building. The usefulness of customized visualizations for local stakeholders was studied in the Tammela test area. A 3D virtual model of the existing environment was created. Models depicting the alternative infill buildings were added to the 3D model, which was used to create customized visualizations. These visualizations were utilized in the interviews of local stakeholders. The findings indicate that the customized visualizations help stakeholders conceptualize the impact, and plan and manage the infill development. Visualizations can also be seen as a tool for a resident-driven approach to intensifying housing.

Customized Development of CAXASolid

CAXASolid, a 3D CAD innovation platform with open structure, provides users with kinds of customized development strategies at different levels. The whole theoretical framework of CAXASolid is introduced. Users can customize their system through application integration, data integration, integration by DLL or integration by COM. Focusing on the customization techniques with COM components, the development method and process are illustrated with some case studies.

Extended research of showing means of GIS in the development and management of oil and gas reservoir

Owing to the close correlation of development of oil and gas reservoir and spatial geological place, the technique of GIS can be introduced into the process of development and management of oil and gas reservoir. But development of oil and gas reservoir has its particularity, development and management GIS of oil and gas reservoir should use the other techniques to extend the forms of representation to make up the shortages of GIS in representation. The development and management GIS of oil and gas reservoir will be perfect besides the basic functions of GIS. This paper expatiates how to use other techniques to extend GIS in development and management of oil and gas reservoir mainly from productive dynamic curve of well, layers of map piling up, 3 D geological model and replaying maps, etc. Through extended GIS in development and management of oil and gas reservoir, the forms of representation of geological information are enriched, representations of information are more direct and visual, spatial descriptive ability and forms of representation of GIS are built up and the single information system will be developed into a management and decision making system.

1,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-2-脱氧-2-氨基-β-D-葡萄糖的研制

分别采用苯甲醛、2,3,4-三甲氧基苯甲醛和4-甲氧基苯甲醛作为氨基保护基,对氨基葡萄糖衍生物的重要中间体1,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-2-脱氧-2-氨基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖加以研制.结果显示,试验的同等条件下,只有用4-甲氧基苯甲醛保护成功,且效果良好.

3D打印技术及其发展现状

3D打印技术作为一种新兴的高新技术,近一段时间以来受到了社会的广泛关注。文章简要介绍了3D打印技术的工作原理、主流应用技术以及其所依托的关键技术,并概括了3D打印技术目前的发展应用现状和未来的发展前景。

鸭油甘油二酯与维生素D3协同对肥胖SD大鼠器官指数、血液25羟基维生素D3含量、胫骨发育指标及肝脏维生素D受体和过氧化酶体增殖物激活受体α基因表达量的影响

本试验旨在研究鸭油甘油二酯与维生素D3协同对肥胖SD大鼠器官指数、血液25羟基维生素D3含量、胫骨发育指标及肝脏维生素D受体(VDR)和过氧化酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPARα)基因表达量的影响,以探索鸭油甘油二酯与维生素D3的协同作用。试验选取60只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为4个组(对照组、肥胖模型组、维生素D3组、鸭油甘油二酯+维生素D3组),每组3个重复,每个重复5只。1~3周,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,其他各组饲喂高脂饲粮进行肥胖造模;4~6周,造模成功后,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,肥胖模型组饲喂高脂饲粮,维生素D3组、鸭油甘油二酯﹢维生素D3组在高脂饲粮中添加12.5μg/kg维生素D3,鸭油甘油二酯+维生素D3组灌胃1mL/(kg·BWd)鸭油甘油二酯,其他各组灌胃等量的蒸馏水。试验期6周。结果表明,与肥胖模型组相比:1)鸭油甘油二酯与维生素D协同能够显著降低肝脏指数(P<0.05),对心脏、脾脏、肾脏指数无显著影响(P>0.05);2)鸭油甘油二酯与维生素D3协同能够显著升高1、2、3周末的血液25羟基维生素D3含量(P<0.05);3)鸭油甘油二酯与维生素D3协同能够显著提高胫骨的骨密度、骨强度(P<0.05),显著降低血液骨源性碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.05);4)鸭油甘油二酯与维生素D3协同能够显著上调肝脏VDR和PPARα基因表达量(P<0.05)。由此可见,鸭油甘油二酯与维生素D3协同能够降低肥胖大鼠肝脏指数,提高血液25羟基维生素D3含量,上调肝脏VDR和PPARα基因表达量,促进胫骨发育。

Requirement for cyclin D3 in germinal center formation and function

Germinal centers （GC） of secondary lymphoid tissues are critical to mounting a high-affinity humoral immune response. B cells within the GC undergo rapid clonal expansion and selection while diversifying their antibody genes. Although it is generally believed that GC B cells employ a unique proliferative program to accommodate these processes, little is known about how the GC-associated cell cycle is orchestrated. The D-type cyclins constitute an important component of the cell cycle engine that enables the cells to respond to physiological changes. Cell type- and developmental stage-specific roles of D-type cyclins have been described but the cyclin D requirement during GC reaction has not been addressed. In this study, we report that cyclin D3 is largely dispensable for proliferation and Ig class switching of in vitro activated B cells. In contrast, GC development in Ccnd3^-/- mice is markedly impaired, as is the T cell-dependent antibody response. Within the GC, although both switched and unswitched B cells are affected by cyclin D3 inactivation, the IgM^- pool is more severely reduced. Interestingly, despite a compensatory increase in cyclln D2 expression, a significant number of Ccnd3^-/- GC B cells accumulate in quiescent GO state. Lastly, although cyclin D3 inactivation did not disrupt BCL6 expression in GC B cells, it completely blocked the GC promoting effect of BCL6 overexpression, suggesting that cyclin D3 acts downstream of BCL6 to regulate GC formation. This is the first demonstration that cyclin D3 plays an important and unique role at the GC stage of B cell development.