Three Subjects and Seven Duties Model:Empowering Informatization Teaching Ability of Pre-Service Teachers

By constructing a model,this study seeks to provide suggestions for strengthening pre-service teachers’informatization teaching ability.It aims to answer the following research questions:(1)What do the pre-service teachers know about informatization instruction?What is their level of informatization teaching ability?(2)What factors influence pre-service teachers’ability to deliver informatization instruction?How to overcome the obstacles?The inquiry focuses on the theoretical exploration of informatization teaching ability,questionnaire,and interview analysis on the current condition and improvement of pre-service teachers’informatization teaching ability.The data from the questionnaire and interview of the pre-service teachers were evaluated from three dimensions:awareness and attitude towards informatization teaching,knowledge of informatization teaching,and the ability to apply informatization teaching skills innovatively and comprehensively.The 3S-7D(Three Subjects and Seven Duties)model consisting of three subjects and the seven duties that go with them is established.The three subjects include pre-service teachers,teacher educators,and higher education schools.The seven duties involve pre-service teachers demonstrating learning motivation,cross-discipline thinking,and information and communications technology mastery;teacher educators actively constructing informatization teaching practice and formative assessment;and higher education schools providing adequate hardware and software equipment while offering cooperative opportunities with primary and junior schools through institutionalization.

3D打印实物模型在颈椎疾患住院医师规范化培训教学中的应用和探讨

目的探讨3 D打印实物模型在提高颈椎疾患住院医师规范化培训(简称住培)教学效果中的作用。方法选取参加骨科住培的颈椎疾患学习的住院医师80名为研究对象,随机分为两组,观察组(40人)以幻灯讲解加3 D打印实物模型教学,对照组(40人)采用幻灯讲解教学。课后即时和课后1月分别对住院医师的知识掌握情况和诊疗技术进行现场测试,利用问卷的形式对住院医师的满意度和参与兴趣(10分法)进行调查。结果课后即时观察组的知识掌握情况和对照组相当(P>0.05),但是观察组的诊疗技术测试成绩显著高于对照组(P<0.05),观察组的满意度和参与兴趣评分均显著高于对照组,两者对比差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);课后1月时,观察组的知识掌握情况和诊疗技术测试成绩均显著高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论3 D打印实物模型应用于颈椎疾患住培的带教中,可显著提高教学效果,提升住院医师的满意度和参与兴趣,值得在住培教学中推广。

医学院校思政课“1+3+N”教学实践探析

“1+3+N”教学模式围绕医学院校特色、医学专业和医学生特点,基于移动互联技术,坚持以学生为中心,有机融合网络教学、课堂教学和实践教学3种集中教学形式,辅以N种分散教学形式,实现思政课与医学生医学梦的同频共振。学生通过网络课堂预习基本知识点,教师在课堂教学中着重讲解重难点并解答学生预习遇到的问题,学生通过实践教学把所学理论知识内化于心、外化于行。小班讨论等N种分散教学形式旨在培养学生听、读、看、写、讲、行能力。“1+3+N”教学模式弥补了传统灌输式授课方式的短板,调动了医学生学习思政课的积极性和主动性。影响该教学模式实践效果的因素包括学校网络教学基础设施和信息化教学设备情况、师生相关技术掌握情况、网络教学管理情况、网络教学和课堂教学衔接情况、实践教学组织实施情况等,针对这些影响因素,采取相应优化策略,以提升教学效果。

3-P-2[SS]结构FDM-3D打印机精度校准补偿算法

3-P-2[SS]机构FDM-3D打印机结构复杂,由于零部件加工和装配造成的结构误差,依靠三角函数解算动平台位置运动参数难以保证定位精度。通过对机构模型的逆运动学分析,推导了运动副垂直滑动计算公式,提出了一种动平台垂直误差补偿方法,对动平台在构建平台上运行区域进行了分析仿真,利用反距离加权插值算法,基于初始基准层打印高度采样,在机构运动约束条件下推导出动平台垂直精度补偿公式,通过实验验证了参数优化后设备成型过程中的定位精度获得很大提高,打印各厚度实验件的成型尺寸误差控制在±0.03mm以内,有效提高了成型件成型精度。

3D打印模型在脊柱外科住院医师规范化培训中的创新应用

目的探讨3 D打印模型在脊柱外科住院医师规范化培训(简称住培)中的应用效果。方法选取2023年1月—2023年12月在广东省人民医院脊柱外科轮转的46名二年级外科学专业住院医师作为研究对象,通过抽签方式随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各23名。观察组采用3 D打印模型辅助教学,对照组则采用传统教学。经过1个月的教学培训,通过出科考试、综合考核、教学满意度及自我鉴定问卷调查等方式多维度评估教学效果。采用独立样本t检验进行数据分析。结果观察组的出科考试成绩、综合考核评分及教学满意度均显著优于对照组(均P<0.0001)。此外,观察组自我鉴定部分的学习兴趣、自学能力、团队合作能力及综合分析能力也均显著高于对照组(P<0.001)。结论3 D打印模型辅助教学模式能有效提升脊柱外科住培的教学质量,并显著提高住院医师的教学满意度、综合能力及自我评价,为脊柱外科住培教学提供了新的有效路径。

An Improved and Efficient Preparation of the Chiral NAD(P)H Model (S_s)-1-Benzy1-3-(p-tolylsulfinyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine

An improved procedure for the preparation of China, BAD(P)H model. (S_s)- 1 -benzyl-3- (p-tolylsulfinyl)-1.4-dihydropyridine with satisfactary chemical yield and excellent enantiopurity is reported.

白细胞介素1β髓核内注射对金属蛋白酶3及P物质的影响

目的:探讨髓核内注射白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)对基质金属蛋白酶3(MMP3)及P物质(SP)的影响。方法:新西兰大白兔32只,随机分为IL-1β组(IL组),椎间盘内(L3～4、L4～5、L5～6)注射20μL(10ng/mL)IL-1β;力学组(ME组),咬除椎体棘突及一侧上下关节突。IL组动物T12～L1、L1～2、L2～3椎间盘作为对照组(SH组)。术后6周及12周分批处死。免疫组织化学方法检测椎间盘髓核内MMP3表达及纤维环内SP表达。结果:IL组与ME组中均发现MMP3及SP阳性细胞,随时间延长阳性细胞数量逐渐增多。SH组各阶段很少发现MMP3及SP免疫反应阳性物。在6和12周时MMP3表达水平IL组与ME组差异无显著性(P>0.05),IL组与SH组、ME组与SH组差异有显著性(P<0.01),各组6与12周组内差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。6和12周时SP表达水平IL组与ME组差异无显著性(P>0.05),IL组与SH组,ME组与SH组差异有显著性(P<0.01),各组6与12周组内差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:椎间盘内注射IL-1β可使髓核中MMP3阳性细胞及纤维环中SP阳性细胞表达且显著增高。

An Analysis of Development as A Reflective Teacher in Higher Education

Effective teaching is every teacher's teaching goal.How to reach the aim is to reflect on the teaching.The following document describes the development on how to reflect the teaching.The main purpose of this analysis is to show how effective and important the reflection on the teaching and to show how useful the reflection which can make the teacher change the way of teaching,encouraging the students to adopt a deep approach in their learning.

NVQ评估理念与“3P”商务口译模式

通过对英国职业资格证书NVQ理念的认识,探索以实践为主线的“3P”口译模式及其在“商务现场口译”课程教学中的具体训练方法,并阐述该模式对内容、方法、主体、评估阶段的多元化评估特色。

Teaching Reform of Building Construction Course under the Background of New Digital Technology

With the advent of the information age,all walks of life have paid more and more attention to the development and application of digital technology.At the same time,the construction industry,which is a traditionally important industry,is not an exception.A series of high-tech digital technologies have been widely used in architectural design and construction,such as BIM technology,3D printing technology,and VR technology.In view of the teaching link of architectural talent training,it is necessary to keep up with the development trend of the digital age,integrate these three kinds of technology into architectural teaching,and impart knowledge to students from planar 2D textbooks to 3D visual digital models,and further transform it from 3D digital to physical perceive or virtual simulation level,and reform teaching methods in all dimensions and in all dimensions to improve teaching effect.In this paper,the feasibility and necessity of integration of the above three architectural digital techniques into the teaching process of"building construction"from the aspects of teaching content,teaching method and teaching evaluation were discussed,and a new teaching model under the background of digital technology was proposed,which has certain teaching reference significance.

2019年长宁M_(s)6.0地震周边区域速度与P波各向异性成像研究

利用基于程函方程求解的地震走时层析成像方法对2019年长宁M_(s)6.0地震震中及其周边区域进行反演成像,获得了该区域高分辨率三维P波、S波速度结构以及P波方位角各向异性参数分布,并对几个典型剖面的泊松比结构进行了分析。结果表明,方位角各向异性对地震波P波走时具有显著的影响;研究区域上地壳速度结构存在显著的非均匀性,且一些相对低速异常与注水采盐、天然气水力压裂开采及废水回注等工业活动区域具有明显的对应关系,显示人类的工业活动可能已经对上地壳的物质性质产生了影响。长宁地震的发生可能由注水采盐活动直接诱发,而由工业活动所造成的速度异常结构对区域内地震的发生可能产生的影响是持续性的。区域内P波方位角各向异性可能受板块运动和主压应力影响,而长宁地震序列震源区域浅层P波方位角各向异性以近EW向为主,与该区域的主压应力方向基本一致。这些结果为认识四川盆地东南缘精细地壳结构、深部物质运动和动力学机制提供了新的资料。

3D Vector Reconstruction of the Neck Skeleton from the Anatomical Sections of Korean Visible Human at the Anatomical Laboratory of Paris Descartes

Aim: To perform a vector 3D reconstruction of the neck skeleton from the anatomical sections of the “Korean Visible Human” for educational purposes. Material and Methods: The anatomical subject was a 33-year-old Korean male who died of leukemia. It measured 164 cm and weighed 55 kgs. The anatomical cuts were made in 2010 after an MRI and a CT scan. A special saw (cryomacrotome) made it possible to make cuts on the frozen body of 0.2 mm thick or 5960 slices. Sections numbered 1500 to 2000 (500 neck sections) were used for this study. Manual contouring segmentation of each anatomical element of the anterior neck area was done using Winsurf software version 3.5 on a PC. Results: Our vector 3D neck model includes the following: cervical vertebrae, hyoid bone, sternum manubrium and clavicles. This vector model has been integrated into the virtual dissection table Diva3d, a new educational tool used by universities and medical schools to learn anatomy. This model was also put online on the Sketchfab website and printed in 3D using an ENDER 3 printer. Conclusion: This original work is a remarkable educational tool for the study of the skeleton of the neck and can also serve as a 3D atlas for simulation purposes for training therapeutic gestures.

3D打印模型结合CBL教学法在骨科住院医师规范化培训骨盆骨折教学中的应用

目的探讨3D打印模型结合CBL教学法在骨科住院医师规范化培训(简称住培)骨盆骨折教学中的应用效果。方法采用完全随机法将50名参加浙江省台州医院骨科住培的学员分为观察组和对照组。观察组采用3D模型打印结合CBL教学法,对照组采用传统教学法,通过临床知识理论考核、实践技能操作考试和调查问卷3个维度评价3D打印模型结合CBL教学法在骨盆骨折教学中的应用效果。结果观察组在临床知识理论考核、实践技能操作考试和满意度各方面均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论3D打印模型结合CBL教学法在骨盆骨折教学中的应用有助于激发住院医师的学习兴趣,提高学习积极性和学习效率,有助于骨科专科知识的全面掌握和临床技能的综合提高,是一种切实有效、贴近临床实际的教学方法。

三维计算机辅助解剖教学在住院医师规范化培训中的应用

目的探索三维计算机辅助(3-demensional computer assisted instruction,3D CAI)颞骨解剖教学在住院医师规范化培训中的应用。方法回顾性分析2018年1月—2023年1月于西安交通大学第二附属医院耳科学专业进行住院医师规范化培训的58名学员,按照参加培训的时间将其分为试验组和对照组。2018年1月—2020年12月的23名住院医师作为对照组,2021年1月—2023年12月的35名住院医师作为试验组,分别采用传统教学方法和3D CAI进行颞骨解剖授课和培训。结束后,分别对2组医师进行解剖名词(中耳、内耳、侧颅底)、解剖空间方位、解剖标志认识和颞骨CT阅片能力测试,并对教学方法、教学内容的满意度进行问卷调查。在学习前后对2组进行自信心评价评,即是否颞骨解剖结构不易理解、是否有信心辨识颞骨解剖结构。比较2组医生的测试成绩、对教学的满意度以及学习自信心。结果试验组医师的中耳和内耳解剖测试成绩与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组在侧颅底解剖、解剖空间方位、解剖标志认识、颞骨CT阅片成绩分别为7(7,8)、8(7,8)、8(7,9)和(82.12±8.37)分,均高于对照组[5(5,6),5(5,6),6(6,7)和(74.65±7.96)分](P<0.05)。试验组对教学内容的满意度为85.71%,对教学方法的满意度为91.43%,高于对照组对教学内容和教学方法的满意度(60.87%和65.22%)(P<0.05)。经过学习,试验组有62.86%的医师认为颞骨解剖容易记忆和理解,71.43%的医师认为有信心辨识出颞骨解剖结构,均高于对照组(34.78%和4.38%)(P<0.05)。结论3D CAI颞骨解剖教学内容新颖,可激发学员的学习兴趣和信心,减少其对晦涩的解剖知识的抵触和恐惧,有助于提高耳科住院医师规范化培训的效率。

Three-dimensional P-wave velocity structure of the crust beneath Hainan Island and its adjacent regions,China

Using over 3 500 first P arrival times recorded by nine digital seismic stations from Hainan Digital Seismic Net-work during 1999～2005,a 3-D P-wave velocity model of the crust under Hainan Island and adjacent regions has been determined. The results show that the pattern of velocity anomalies in the shallower upper crust is somewhat associated with the surface geological tectonics in the region. A relative low-velocity anomaly appears north of the Wangwu-Wenjiao fault zone and a relative high-velocity anomaly appears south of the Wangwu-Wenjiao fault zone,corresponding to the depressed areas in north Hainan Island,where many volcanoes are frequently active and geothermal values are relatively higher,and the uplifted and stable regions in central and south of the Hainan Is-land. In the middle and lower crust velocities are relatively lower in east Hainan than those in west Hainan,possi-bly suggesting the existence of the upwelling of hot materials from the mantle in east Hainan. The pattern of veloc-ity anomalies also indicates that NW faults,i.e.,the Puqian-Qinglan fault,may be shallower,while the E-W Wangwu-Wenjiao fault may be deeper,which perhaps extends down to Moho depth or deeper.

“5+3”医学生培养模式下“医学免疫学”理论课的教学设计与实践

"5+3"一体化培养模式是为加快构建标准化规范化临床医学人才培养体系,而设立的新型培养方式,其培养目标是使学生具备较强的临床思维、临床实践能力,以及一定的临床科学研究和临床教学能力,能独立、规范地承担本专业和相关专业的常见多发病的预防和诊治工作的高水平高素质临床医师。为此,我们以学生的总体培养目标为导向,在"医学免疫学"理论课教学中设计和尝试了以"免疫疾病机制分析"为中心的教学模式,旨在提高学生的临床思维、自我学习和团队协作能力。

“3+1”应用型人才培养模式的研究与探索

"3+1"人才培养模式是目前高校培养应用型人才的成功模式。建立基于校企合作的"3+1"人才培养,是高校发展的必然趋势,本文将以信息管理与信息系统专业为例从"3+1"的教学体系、双师型师资队伍、先进的教学方法及手段、多元化的校企合作模式等方面研究"3+1"应用型人才培养模式。

“3+2”模式教学查房的管理研究

临床医学院在承担5年制临床医学专业班“3+2”新模式的临床教学中,实践了教学查房的教学管理研究。建立和健全了教学管理组织,实施四级督导,确定查房目标,推进“团队学习”,构建查房任务。增强了带教老师的教学意识及提高了教学能力;保证了教学查房的完整性;实现了质量调控的及时性;提高了医学生临床基本技能和临床思维能力。

FDM 3D打印技术在机械专业教学中的应用探讨

针对传统机械专业教学中教学方式平面化、三维教具制作成本高等问题,探讨了将低成本熔融沉积(FDM)3D打印技术应用于机械专业教学的可行性。以专业课程教具设计与制造为例,分析了3D打印应用的流程与成本。分析表明,在机械专业教学中应用3D打印技术可以实现教具的特殊性设计和快速低成本制造,将传统的二维教学模式转变为三维模式,从而激发学生积极性,提高教学质量。

动物医学专业“3+1”应用型人才培养模式中“3”的探讨

随着国家对地方普通本科高校转型到培养应用型人才要求文件的出台,特别是到2022年一大批普通本科高等学校要向应用型转向。“3+1”应用型人才培养模式的确立很好地适应了时代的需要,但目前研究大多集中在“1”(即实践性教学环节),而忽视对“3”理论性教学环节的研究。针对3年教学期间存在的主要问题展开了探讨,以期打造合理的“3+1”应用型人才培养模式中的3年教学体系。