Assessing the Performance of CMIP6 Models in Simulating Droughts across Global Drylands

Both the attribution of historical change and future projections of droughts rely heavily on climate modeling. However,reasonable drought simulations have remained a challenge, and the related performances of the current state-of-the-art Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6(CMIP6) models remain unknown. Here, both the strengths and weaknesses of CMIP6 models in simulating droughts and corresponding hydrothermal conditions in drylands are assessed.While the general patterns of simulated meteorological elements in drylands resemble the observations, the annual precipitation is overestimated by ~33%(with a model spread of 2.3%–77.2%), along with an underestimation of potential evapotranspiration(PET) by ~32%(17.5%–47.2%). The water deficit condition, measured by the difference between precipitation and PET, is 50%(29.1%–71.7%) weaker than observations. The CMIP6 models show weaknesses in capturing the climate mean drought characteristics in drylands, particularly with the occurrence and duration largely underestimated in the hyperarid Afro-Asian areas. Nonetheless, the drought-associated meteorological anomalies, including reduced precipitation, warmer temperatures, higher evaporative demand, and increased water deficit conditions, are reasonably reproduced. The simulated magnitude of precipitation(water deficit) associated with dryland droughts is overestimated by 28%(24%) compared to observations. The observed increasing trends in drought fractional area,occurrence, and corresponding meteorological anomalies during 1980–2014 are reasonably reproduced. Still, the increase in drought characteristics, associated precipitation and water deficit are obviously underestimated after the late 1990s,especially for mild and moderate droughts, indicative of a weaker response of dryland drought changes to global warming in CMIP6 models. Our results suggest that it is imperative to employ bias correction approaches in drought-related studies over drylands by using CMIP6 outputs.

A Probabilistic Trust Model and Control Algorithm to Protect 6G Networks against Malicious Data Injection Attacks in Edge Computing Environments

Future 6G communications are envisioned to enable a large catalogue of pioneering applications.These will range from networked Cyber-Physical Systems to edge computing devices,establishing real-time feedback control loops critical for managing Industry 5.0 deployments,digital agriculture systems,and essential infrastructures.The provision of extensive machine-type communications through 6G will render many of these innovative systems autonomous and unsupervised.While full automation will enhance industrial efficiency significantly,it concurrently introduces new cyber risks and vulnerabilities.In particular,unattended systems are highly susceptible to trust issues:malicious nodes and false information can be easily introduced into control loops.Additionally,Denialof-Service attacks can be executed by inundating the network with valueless noise.Current anomaly detection schemes require the entire transformation of the control software to integrate new steps and can only mitigate anomalies that conform to predefined mathematical models.Solutions based on an exhaustive data collection to detect anomalies are precise but extremely slow.Standard models,with their limited understanding of mobile networks,can achieve precision rates no higher than 75%.Therefore,more general and transversal protection mechanisms are needed to detect malicious behaviors transparently.This paper introduces a probabilistic trust model and control algorithm designed to address this gap.The model determines the probability of any node to be trustworthy.Communication channels are pruned for those nodes whose probability is below a given threshold.The trust control algorithmcomprises three primary phases,which feed themodel with three different probabilities,which are weighted and combined.Initially,anomalous nodes are identified using Gaussian mixture models and clustering technologies.Next,traffic patterns are studied using digital Bessel functions and the functional scalar product.Finally,the information coherence and content are analyzed.The noise content and abnormal information sequences are detected using a Volterra filter and a bank of Finite Impulse Response filters.An experimental validation based on simulation tools and environments was carried out.Results show the proposed solution can successfully detect up to 92%of malicious data injection attacks.

Spatiotemporal Evaluation and Future Projection of Diurnal Temperature Range over the Tibetan Plateau in CMIP6 Models

The diurnal temperature range(DTR) serves as a vital indicator reflecting both natural climate variability and anthropogenic climate change. This study investigates the historical and projected multitemporal DTR variations over the Tibetan Plateau. It assesses 23 climate models from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6) using CN05.1 observational data as validation, evaluating their ability to simulate DTR over the Tibetan Plateau. Then, the evolution of DTR over the Tibetan Plateau under different shared socioeconomic pathway(SSP) scenarios for the near,middle, and long term of future projection are analyzed using 11 selected robustly performing models. Key findings reveal:(1) Among the models examined, BCC-CSM2-MR, EC-Earth3, EC-Earth3-CC, EC-Earth3-Veg, EC-Earth3-Veg-LR,FGOALS-g3, FIO-ESM-2-0, GFDL-ESM4, MPI-ESM1-2-HR, MPI-ESM1-2-LR, and INM-CM5-0 exhibit superior integrated simulation capability for capturing the spatiotemporal variability of DTR over the Tibetan Plateau.(2) Projection indicates a slightly increasing trend in DTR on the Tibetan Plateau in the SSP1-2.6 scenario, and decreasing trends in the SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SPP5-8.5 scenarios. In certain areas, such as the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, western hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau, southern Kunlun, and the Qaidam basins, the changes in DTR are relatively large.(3) Notably, the warming rate of maximum temperature under SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SPP5-8.5 is slower compared to that of minimum temperature, and it emerges as the primary contributor to the projected decrease in DTR over the Tibetan Plateau in the future.

The bio-active components of the Mongolian medicine Horcha-6 and therapeutic mechanism in the rat migraine model

Background:The active components of Horcha-6 were identified using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.Also,we investigated the potential mechanisms that explain why Horcha-6 may be effective in treating migraines through the use of network pharmacology and a rat migraine model.Methods:After identifying the active components of Horcha-6,the corresponding genes of the active components’target were obtained from the Universal Protein database,and a“compound-target-disease”network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.9.0 software.For the in vivo experiments,nitroglycerin was injected intraperitoneally into rats to create a migraine model.Pre-treatment with Horcha-6 was administered orally for 14 days,and rats were subjected to migraine-related behavior tests.RNA sequencing was performed to identify the gene expression regulated by Horcha-6 in the trigeminal nerve.Results:A total of 903 chemical components of Horcha-6 have been collected in the liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.We discovered 55 of the Horcha-6 bio-active components that were evaluated based on their Percent Human Oral Absorption(≥30%)and DL values(≥0.185)on the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database.The“compound-target-disease”network contained 163 intersection targets with the migraine state.Gene Ontology analysis indicated that these components significantly regulated the immune response,vascular function,oxidative stress,etc.When Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis was performed,we observed that most of the target genes were significantly enriched in the inflammation and neuro-related signaling pathway,toll-like receptor signaling pathway,neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,etc.These predictions were further demonstrated via in vivo animal model experiments.The RNA sequencing results showed that 41 genes were down-regulated(P<0.05)and 86 genes were up-regulated(P<0.05)in the Horcha-6 treated group compared with the untreated group.Those genes were mainly involved in neuromodulation,vascular function,and hormone metabolism.Conclusion:The 55 bio-active components in Horcha-6 regulate inflammation,hormone metabolism,and neurotransmitters and have potential as a therapy to treat migraines.

Hydrologic Response to Future Climate Change in the Dulong-Irra-waddy River Basin Based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6

Within the context of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor(CMEC),the Dulong-Ir-rawaddy(Ayeyarwady)River,an international river among China,India and Myanmar,plays a significant role as both a valuable hydro-power resource and an essential ecological passageway.However,the water resources and security exhibit a high degree of vulnerabil-ity to climate change impacts.This research evaluates climate impacts on the hydrology of the Dulong-Irrawaddy River Basin(DIRB)by using a physical-based hydrologic model.We crafted future climate scenarios using the three latest global climate models(GCMs)from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6(CMIP6)under two shared socioeconomic pathways(SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5)for the near(2025-2049),mid(2050-2074),and far future(2075-2099).The regional model using MIKE SHE based on historical hydrologic processes was developed to further project future streamflow,demonstrating reliable performance in streamflow simulations with a val-idation Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency(NSE)of 0.72.Results showed that climate change projections showed increases in the annual precip-itation and potential evapotranspiration(PET),with precipitation increasing by 11.3%and 26.1%,and PET increasing by 3.2%and 4.9%,respectively,by the end of the century under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5.These changes are projected to result in increased annual streamflow at all stations,notably at the basin’s outlet(Pyay station)compared to the baseline period(with an increase of 16.1%and 37.0%at the end of the 21st century under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5,respectively).Seasonal analysis for Pyay station forecasts an in-crease in dry-season streamflow by 31.3%-48.9%and 22.5%-76.3%under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5,respectively,and an increase in wet-season streamflow by 5.8%-12.6%and 2.8%-33.3%,respectively.Moreover,the magnitude and frequency of flood events are pre-dicted to escalate,potentially impacting hydropower production and food security significantly.This research outlines the hydrological response to future climate change during the 21st century and offers a scientific basis for the water resource management strategies by decision-makers.

Variability of the Pacific subtropical cells under global warming in CMIP6 models

The Pacific subtropical cells(STCs)are shallow meridional overturning circulations connecting the tropics and subtropics,and are assumed to be an important driver of the tropical Pacific decadal variability.The variability of STCs under global warming is investigated using multimodal outputs from the latest phase of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project(CMIP6)and ocean reanalysis products.Firstly,the volume transport diagnostic analysis is employed to evaluate how coupled models and ocean reanalysis products reproduce interior STC transport.The variation of heat transport by the interior STC under the high-emissions warming scenarios is also analyzed.The results show that the multimodal-mean linear trends of the interior STC transport along 9°S and 9°N are-0.02 Sv/a and 0.04 Sv/a under global warming,respectively,which is mainly due to the combined effect of the strengthened upper oceanic stratification and the weakening of wind field.There is a compensation relationship between the interior STC and the western boundary transport in the future climate,and the compensation relationship of 9°S is more significant than that of 9°N.In addition,compared with ocean reanalysis products,the coupled models tend to underestimate the variability of the interior STC transport convergence,and thus may lose some sea surface temperature(SST)driving force,which may be the reason for the low STC-SST correlation simulated by the model.The future scenario simulation shows that the heat transport of interior STC is weakened under global warming,with a general agreement across models.

CMIP 6 models simulation of the connection between North/South Pacific Meridional Mode and ENSO

The subtropical North and South Pacific Meridional Modes(NPMM and SPMM)are well known precursors of El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO).However,relationship between them is not constant.In the early 1980,the relationship experienced an interdecadal transition.Changes in this connection can be attributed mainly to the phase change of the Pacific decadal oscillation(PDO).During the positive phase of PDO,a shallower thermocline in the central Pacific is responsible for the stronger trade wind charging(TWC)mechanism,which leads to a stronger equatorial subsurface temperature evolution.This dynamic process strengthens the connection between NPMM and ENSO.Associated with the negative phase of PDO,a shallower thermocline over southeastern Pacific allows an enhanced wind-evaporation-SST(WES)feedback,strengthening the connection between SPMM and ENSO.Using 35 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6)models,we examined the NPMM/SPMM performance and its connection with ENSO in the historical runs.The great majority of CMIP6 models can reproduce the pattern of NPMM and SPMM well,but they reveal discrepant ENSO and NPMM/SPMM relationship.The intermodal uncertainty for the connection of NPMM-ENSO is due to different TWC mechanism.A stronger TWC mechanism will enhance NPMM forcing.For SPMM,few models can simulate a good relationship with ENSO.The intermodel spread in the relationship of SPMM and ENSO owing to SST bias in the southeastern Pacific,as WES feedback is stronger when the southeastern Pacific is warmer.

黄芩苷对干酵母致热大鼠的解热作用及血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、PGE_(2)、cAMP和脑组织NF-κB表达的影响

目的:观察黄芩苷对干酵母致热大鼠的解热作用并探讨其作用机制。方法:采用背部皮下注射干酵母构建大鼠发热模型,SD雄性大鼠随机分为正常对照,模型组,阳性组(阿司匹林,0.1 g/kg),黄芩苷高、中、低剂量组(160、80、40 mg/kg),连续给药3 d,测定各组大鼠肛温的变化;酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、前列腺素E_(2)(PGE_(2))与环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)水平;Western Blot检测各组大鼠脑组织NF-κB p65(核转录因子-κB p65)蛋白表达。结果:黄芩苷高剂量组有显著解热效果(P<0.01),黄芩苷各剂量组均可不同程度降低大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、PGE 2和cAMP含量;与正常组比较,模型组脑组织NF-κB p65蛋白表达增多,黄芩苷高剂量组可明显降低大鼠脑组织NF-κB p65表达(P<0.05)。结论:黄芩苷可显著性降低干酵母引起的体温升高,解热机制可能与抑制TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、PGE_(2)与cAMP的分泌和减少脑组织NF-κB p65蛋白表达有关。

miR-519b-3p调控IL-6/STAT3通路对宫颈癌细胞凋亡、迁移、侵袭的影响

目的探讨miR-519b-3p调控IL-6/信号转导和转录激活因子3(STAT3)通路对宫颈癌细胞(SiHa)凋亡、迁移、侵袭的影响。方法qRT-PCR检测miR-519b-3p在宫颈癌组织中的表达。SiHa细胞分为miR-NC组、miR-519b-3p组、miR-NC+RhIL-6组、miR-519b-3p+RhIL-6组。流式细胞术评估SiHa细胞凋亡率,Transwell实验检测细胞迁移和侵袭情况。Western blotting检测B细胞淋巴瘤-2基因(Bcl-2)、E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、N-cadherin、Bcl相关x蛋白(Bax)、STAT3和p-STAT3蛋白水平。结果与癌旁组织比较,宫颈癌组织miR-519b-3p表达下调(P<0.05)。SiHa细胞凋亡率、Bax和E-cadherin蛋白水平miR-519b-3p组高于miR-NC组,miR-NC+RhIL-6组低于miR-NC组,miR-519b-3p+RhIL-6组低于miR-519b-3p组(P<0.05)。SiHa细胞迁移数、侵袭数、Bcl-2、N-cadherin、p-STAT3蛋白水平miR-519b-3p组低于miR-NC组,miR-NC+RhIL-6组高于miR-NC组,miR-519b-3p+RhIL-6组高于miR-519b-3p组(P<0.05)。结论miR-519b-3p通过抑制IL-6/STAT3通路来抑制宫颈癌细胞迁移和侵袭,并增加细胞凋亡。

circLRP6调节miR-31-5p/HMGA1轴对高糖诱导的肾小管上皮细胞损伤的影响

目的分析circLRP6调节miR-31-5p/高迁移率族蛋白A1(HMGA1)轴对高糖诱导的肾小管上皮细胞损伤的影响。方法体外培养人肾小管上皮HK-2细胞,分为对照组、高糖组、高糖+si-NC组、高糖+si-circLRP6组、高糖+si-circLRP6+miR-NC组、高糖+si-circLRP6+miR-31-5p inhibitor组、高糖+si-circLRP6+miR-31-5p inhibitor+si-NC组、高糖+si-circLRP6+miR-31-5p inhibitor+si-HMGA1组,对照组置于含5.5 mmol/L葡萄糖的DMEM培养基内培养,其余各组置于含25 mmol/L葡萄糖的DMEM培养基内培养,并通过Lipofectamine 2000将相应质粒转染至HK-2细胞内,实时定量PCR测定细胞circLRP6、miR-31-5p、HMGA1 mRNA水平,试剂盒测定细胞上清液白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量;流式细胞仪观察细胞凋亡;Western blotting测定细胞HMGA1、Bax、Bcl-2蛋白表达;双荧光素酶报告基因实验分析miR-31-5p与circLRP6、HMGA1的靶向关系。结果与对照组相比,高糖组HK-2细胞circLRP6水平升高,细胞增殖抑制率、IL-6、TNF-α、LDH、MDA、细胞凋亡率、Bax蛋白表达升高,Bcl-2蛋白表达降低(均P<0.05);与高糖组相比,高糖+si-circLRP6组HK-2细胞增殖抑制率、IL-6、TNF-α、LDH、MDA、细胞凋亡率、Bax蛋白表达降低,Bcl-2蛋白表达升高(均P<0.05);与高糖+si-circLRP6组相比,高糖+si-circLRP6+miR-31-5p inhibitor组HK-2细胞增殖抑制率、IL-6、TNF-α、LDH、MDA、细胞凋亡率、Bax蛋白表达升高,Bcl-2蛋白表达降低(均P<0.05);与高糖+si-circLRP6+miR-31-5p inhibitor组相比,高糖+si-circLRP6+miR-31-5p inhibitor+si-HMGA1组HK-2细胞增殖抑制率、IL-6、TNF-α、LDH、MDA、细胞凋亡率、Bax蛋白表达降低,Bcl-2蛋白表达升高(均P<0.05)。miR-31-5p与circLRP6、HMGA1均具有靶向关系。结论沉默circLRP6可能通过上调miR-31-5p,抑制HMGA1表达,对高糖诱导的肾小管上皮细胞损伤发挥保护作用。

假基因FMO6P抑制胃癌侵袭转移作用及其机制探索

目的:探究胃癌中假基因FMO6P表达、临床意义及其调控胃癌细胞转移潜能的作用和分子机制。方法:通过实时定量反转录聚合酶链式反应(qRT-PCR)检测胃癌组织和细胞株FMO6P表达水平。构建过表达及敲低FMO6P胃癌细胞株,通过transwell实验检测细胞的侵袭和迁移能力。在裸鼠皮下或腹腔中接种FMO6P过表达胃癌细胞,检测其体内增殖和转移潜能改变。使用Western blot实验检测胃癌细胞敲低或过表达FMO6P后E-钙黏着蛋白、N-钙黏着蛋白、ZEB1、MMP2等上皮-间质转化(EMT)标志物的表达水平和AKT/mTOR通路的活化水平。结果:FMO6P在胃癌组织中表达显著降低,并与肿瘤大小、TNM分期显著相关。过表达FMO6P抑制胃癌细胞的侵袭和迁移能力,并显著降低胃癌细胞在裸鼠体内的皮下成瘤能力和腹腔种植能力。下调FMO6P促进胃癌细胞的侵袭和迁移能力,过表达FMO6P促进胃癌细胞中E-钙黏着蛋白的表达,降低N-钙黏着蛋白、ZEB1和MMP2的水平,并抑制AKT/mTOR信号通路的活化。结论:假基因FMO6P可能通过阻断AKT/mTOR信号抑制胃癌细胞的体内、外侵袭转移潜能。

稳定表达细胞色素P4502B6的Flp-In^(TM)CHO细胞系的建立及鉴定

目的构建稳定表达细胞色素P4502B6(CYP2B6)的Flp-In^(TM)CHO细胞系。方法将Flp-In^(TM)CHO细胞分为Flp-In^(TM)CHO组、Flp-In^(TM)CHO空载体组及Flp-In^(TM)CHO-CYP2B6组,通过Lipofectamine2000转染试剂,分别将pcDNA5/FRT空质粒和pcDNA5/FRT-CYP2B6重组质粒转染至Flp-In^(TM)CHO空载体组细胞和Flp-In^(TM)CHO-CYP2B6组细胞中,利用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)、蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot)及荧光素酶实验检测转染细胞中CYP2B6 mRNA水平、蛋白表达水平及活性,用四氮唑盐(MTS)测定转染CYP2B6的Flp-In^(TM)CHO细胞对环磷酰胺的毒性敏感性。结果与Flp-In^(TM)CHO组和Flp-In^(TM)CHO空载体组相比,Flp-In^(TM)CHO-CYP2B6组细胞中CYP2B6的mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.01)、酶活性显著增加(P<0.001),对环磷酰胺的毒性敏感度显著增加(P<0.001)。结论成功构建稳定表达CYP2B6的Flp-In^(TM)CHO细胞系,为研究药物代谢和筛选毒性药物提供工具。

KLF4通过mTOR/P70S6K途径激活细胞自噬减轻高糖诱导的足细胞损伤

目的:分析Krüppel样转录因子4(KLF4)对高糖诱导的足细胞损伤的影响及相关分子机制。方法:体外培养MPC5细胞,将MPC5细胞分为对照组(Control组)、高糖组(HG组)、高糖+空载质粒对照组(HG+NC组)、高糖+KLF4过表达组(HG+KLF4组)。采用qRT-PCR法检测细胞中KLF4 mRNA表达水平,CCK-8法测定细胞增殖活性,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,Western blot法检测细胞中相关蛋白表达水平。结果:与Control组比较,HG组MPC5细胞中KLF4 mRNA和蛋白表达量降低,细胞增殖活性降低,细胞凋亡率升高,细胞中突触足蛋白(synaptopodin)、足蛋白(podocin)、肾蛋白(nephrin)、微管相关蛋白轻链3-Ⅱ(LC3-Ⅱ)、Beclin1蛋白表达量降低,P62蛋白表达量、磷酸化哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(p-mTOR)/mTOR和磷酸化核糖体40S小亚基S6蛋白激酶(p-P70S6K)/P70S6K比值升高;差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与HG组比较,HG+KLF4组MPC5细胞中KLF4 mRNA和蛋白表达量升高,细胞增殖活性升高,细胞凋亡率降低,细胞中synaptopodin、podocin、nephrin、LC3-Ⅱ、Beclin1蛋白表达量升高,P62蛋白表达量、p-mTOR/mTOR和p-P70S6K/P70S6K比值降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:KLF4通过激活足细胞自噬减轻高糖诱导的足细胞损伤,其作用机制可能与调控mTOR/P70S6K信号通路有关。

LncRNA LBX2-AS1调节miR-873-5p/G6PD轴对胃癌细胞增殖迁移和侵袭的影响

目的:探讨长链非编码RNA(LncRNA)瓢虫同源盒2反义RNA1(LBX2-AS1)调节微小RNA-873-5p(miR-873-5p)/葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PD)轴对胃癌(GC)细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响。方法:以SGC7901细胞为研究对象,将其随机分为Control组、sh-NC组、sh-LBX2-AS1组、sh-LBX2-AS1+inhibitor-NC组、sh-LBX2-AS1+miR-873-5p inhibitor组;qRT-PCR法检测LncRNA LBX2-AS1、miR-873-5p、G6PD的表达;MTT法和平板克隆实验检测SGC7901细胞增殖;划痕实验检测SGC7901细胞迁移;Transwell实验检测SGC7901细胞的侵袭;Western blot检测SGC7901细胞中MMP-2、PCNA、MMP-9、G6PD蛋白表达;荧光素酶报告基因实验检测LncRNA LBX2-AS1与miR-873-5p,miR-873-5p与G6PD之间的相互作用;小鼠荷瘤实验验证敲除LncRNALBX2-AS1对CC肿瘤生长及G6PD表达的影响。结果:sh-LBX2-AS1组SGC7901细胞中A490值、克隆数、划痕愈合率、侵袭数、LncRNA LBX2-AS1、G6PD mRNA和PCNA、MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白表达低于sh-NC组、Control组,miR-873-5p表达高于sh-NC组、Control组(P<0.05);与sh-LBX2-AS1组、sh-LBX2-AS1+inhibitor-NC组相比,sh-LBX2-AS+miR-873-5p inhibitor组miR-873-5p表达降低,A490值、克隆数、划痕愈合率、侵袭数、G6PD mRNA和PCNA、MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白表达升高(P<0.05)。LncRNA LBX2-AS1靶向负调控miR-873-5p,miR-873-5p靶向负调控G6PD。实验组移植瘤质量、体积、Ki-67阳性率、G6PD阳性率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:敲除LncRNA LBX2-AS1可能抑制GC细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,其机制可能是调节miR-873-5p/G6PD轴实现的。

miR-15b-3p靶向CMTM6对胃癌细胞上皮-间充质转化的影响

目的探讨miR-15b-3p靶向趋化素样因子超家族6(CMTM6)对胃癌细胞上皮-间充质转化(EMT)的影响。方法采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测人胃癌细胞SGC-7901、BGC-823、MKN-1及人正常胃黏膜上皮细胞GES-1中miR-15b-3p和CMTM6表达水平。采用双荧光素酶报告基因实验检测miR-15b-3p和CMTM6的靶向关系。将BGC-823细胞随机分为对照组(不做处理)、miR-15b-3p抑制剂组(转染miR-15b-3p抑制剂)、miR-15b-3p抑制剂+shRNA-CMTM6组(转染miR-15b-3p抑制剂和shRNA-CMTM6)。分别采用MTT实验、细胞划痕愈合实验、Transwell实验检测细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力。采用蛋白质印迹法检测EMT相关蛋白表达水平。结果与GES-1细胞相比,SGC-7901、BGC-823和MKN-1细胞中miR-15b-3p和CMTM6 mRNA的相对表达量均显著升高(P均<0.05)。双荧光素酶报告基因实验检测结果显示,与miR-NC+CMTM6-WT组相比,miR-15b-3p抑制剂+CMTM6-WT组细胞的相对荧光素酶活性显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,miR-15b-3p抑制剂组细胞中miR-15b-3p和CMTM6mRNA的相对表达量均显著降低(P均<0.05);与miR-15b-3p抑制剂组相比,miR-15b-3p抑制剂+shRNA-CMTM6组细胞中miR-15b-3p的相对表达量无显著变化(P>0.05),而CMTM6 mRNA的相对表达量显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,miR-15b-3p抑制剂组的细胞增殖抑制率升高,细胞划痕愈合率降低,细胞侵袭数目减少,N-cadherin和Vimentin蛋白表达水平均降低,E-cadherin蛋白表达水平升高,差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。与miR-15b-3p抑制剂组相比,miR-15b-3p抑制剂+shRNA-CMTM6组的细胞增殖抑制率升高,细胞划痕愈合率降低,细胞侵袭数目减少,N-cadherin和Vimentin蛋白表达水平均降低,E-cadherin蛋白表达水平升高,差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论miR-15b-3p表达下调可通过靶向CMTM6而抑制胃癌细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭能力及EMT进程。

METTL3调控miR-126-5p对人肾小球系膜细胞焦亡的影响及机制研究

目的:研究甲基转移酶样蛋白3(METTL3)调控miR-126-5p对人肾小球系膜细胞(HRMC)焦亡的影响并探讨潜在机制。方法:将HRMC分为7组,即对照组、高糖处理组、pcD-null组、pcD-METTL3组、pcD-METTL3+miR-126-5p抑制剂(inhibitor)组、pcD-METTL3+inhibitor-NC组、pcD-METTL3+inhibitor+AKT抑制剂(AZD5363)组。用流式细胞仪检测细胞焦亡,实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)检测miR-126-5p表达,western blotting检测METTL3、Gasdermin D、NLRP3、磷酸化(p-)AKT、p-NF-κB表达。用RNA甲基化免疫沉淀技术(Me-RIP)测定miR-126-5p前体的m6A修饰水平。结果:与对照组比较较,高糖处理组细胞焦亡增多,miR-126-5p前体N6-甲基腺苷(m6A)修饰增加,p-AKT和p-NF-κB表达水平升高,METTL3和miR-126-5p表达水平降低(均P<0.05)。转染METTL3过表达载体后,高糖处理的细胞上述指标发生了显著逆转(均P<0.05)。而在过表达METTL3的基础上加入miR-126-5p inhibitor后,miR-126-5p表达下调,细胞焦亡增多,p-AKT、p-NF-κB表达上调(均P<0.05),但METTL3表达水平和miR-126-5p前体m6A修饰无显著变化(P>0.05)。在过表达METTL3的基础上加入AZD5363后,细胞焦亡减少(P<0.05),p-AKT、p-NF-κB表达下调,METTL3和miR-126-5p表达及miR-126-5p前体m6A修饰无显著改变(P>0.05)。结论:METTL3促进miR-126-5p的m6A甲基化,并通过抑制AKT/NF-κB信号通路减少高糖诱导的肾小球系膜细胞焦亡。

miR-17-5p、IL-6及MCP-1联合检测对卵巢子宫内膜异位症患者术后复发的预测价值

目的 分析研究血清微小RNA-17-5p(miR-17-5p)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)联合检测对卵巢子宫内膜异位症(OEM)患者术后复发的预测价值。方法 选取郑州大学第三附属医院2019年1月至2022年12月收治的OEM患者作为研究对象,将其命名为OEM组(n=100),另选同期在本院进行体检的健康女性为对照组(n=60)。比较两组血清miR-17-5p、IL-6及MCP-1水平;OEM组患者在入院后均进行手术与药物对症治疗,在治疗结束后对患者随访12个月。以多因素Logistic回归分析OEM患者术后复发的影响因素,并绘制ROC曲线分析血清miR-17-5p、IL-6、MCP-1水平对OEM患者术后复发的预测价值。结果 OEM组的血清miR-17-5p水平低于对照组,IL-6、MCP-1水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=11.015、59.651、38.199,均P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,囊肿直径>5 cm(OR=1.828)、ASRM分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期(OR=1.815)、血清miR-17-5p水平降低(OR=2.042)、IL-6水平升高(OR=2.136)及MCP-1水平升高(OR=1.966)均是OEM患者术后复发的独立危险因素(P<0.05);ROC曲线分析显示,血清miR-17-5p、IL-6、MCP-1水平及联合检测的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.816、0.781、0.745、0.933,联合检测优于单一检测(P<0.05)。结论 miR-17-5p、IL-6及MCP-1联合检测对OEM患者术后复发具有一定预测价值。

p16/Ki-67双染检测、HPVE6/E7mRNA检测在宫颈病变诊断中的价值研究

目的:探讨p16/Ki-67双染检测、HPVE6/E7mRNA检测在宫颈病变诊断中的价值。方法:选择2021年4月至2023年2月我院收治的605例高危型HPV阳性患者为研究对象,所有患者入院后均进行阴道镜检查与病理活检,取患者细胞学样本分别进行p16/Ki-67双染检测、HPVE6/E7mRNA检测。比较两种方法单独检查与联合检测对宫颈病变阳性检出率的差异;比较三种检查方法对宫颈病变诊断效能的差异。结果:联合检测检出CIN1~3阳性率均高于p16/Ki-67双标记、HPVE6/E7mRNA检测(P<0.05);三种检测方式的浸润癌阳性检出率比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。Kappa检验分析结果显示,p16/Ki-67双标记与HPVE6/E7mRNA检查结果与病理诊断结果具有较好的一致性(Kappa值=0.719,P<0.05);联合检测结果与病理诊断结果具有高度的一致性(Kappa值=0.894,P<0.05)。联合检测对宫颈病变的诊断灵敏度、特异性与准确率高于p16/Ki-67双标记与HPVE6/E7mRNA检查(P<0.05)。结论:p16Ki-67双染与HPVE6/E7mRNA联合检测可准确检出宫颈病变程度,对宫颈病变疾病类型的鉴别可提供充足可靠的数据支持,联合检查的诊断效能较好,对患者后续相关治疗开展有积极指导意义。

基于IL-6/STAT3信号通路探讨miR-34a-5p过表达对溃疡性结肠炎的影响及小檗碱的干预作用

目的基于白细胞介素6(IL-6)/信号转导和转录激活因子3(STAT3)信号通路探讨微小RNA-34a-5p(miR-34a-5p)过表达对溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的影响及小檗碱(BBR)的干预作用。方法体外传代培养人结肠癌HT-29细胞。取传3代、对数生长期、生长状态良好的HT-29细胞,随机分为空白对照组、NC mimics组、miR-34a-5p mimics组,NC mimics组和miR-34a-5p mimics组分别转染NC mimics、miR-34a-5p mimics,空白对照组不予转染。转染6 h更换新鲜培养基继续培养48 h,收集细胞,采用RT-qPCR法验证转染效率。收集三组转染后细胞,采用CCK-8法检测细胞活力;分离三组培养上清液,采用ELISA法检测IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α含量;收集三组转染后细胞,分别采用RT-qPCR法、Western blotting法检测IL-6、STAT3 mRNA和蛋白表达。取HT-29细胞,加入LPS刺激48 h,建立UC细胞模型。取UC细胞,分别加入0、2.5、5、10、20、40、80、160、320μg/mL BBR干预24 h,采用CCK-8法检测细胞活力。随机将UC细胞分为模型组和BBR组,BBR组予BBR干预24 h,模型组不予BBR干预。分离两组培养上清液,采用ELISA法检测IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α含量;取两组干预24 h细胞,采用RT-qPCR法检测miR-34a-5p以及IL-6、STAT3mRNA表达。结果miR-34a-5p mimics组miR-34a-5p相对表达量高于NC mimics组和空白对照组(P均<0.05),NC mimics组与空白对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。miR-34a-5p mimics组细胞活力低于NC mimics组和空白对照组(P均<0.05),NC mimics组与空白对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。miR-34a-5p mimics组培养上清液IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α含量均低于NC mimics组和空白对照组(P均<0.05),NC mimics组与空白对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。miR-34a-5p mimics组IL-6、STAT3 mRNA以及IL-6蛋白相对表达量均低于NC mimics组和空白对照组(P均<0.05),NC mimics组与空白对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。40、80、160、320μg/mL BBR干预24 h UC细胞活力均高于0、2.5、5、10、20μg/mL BBR干预24 h UC细胞(P均<0.05),故选择20μg/mL BBR进行后续实验。BBR组培养上清液IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α含量均低于模型组(P均<0.05);BBR组miR-34a-5p相对表达量高于模型组,IL-6、STAT3 mRNA相对表达量均低于模型组(P均<0.05)。结论miR-34a-5p过表达能够通过抑制IL-6/STAT3信号通路减轻UC炎症反应;BBR则能通过上调miR-34a-5p表达和抑制IL-6/STAT3信号通路,减轻UC炎症反应,阻延UC癌变。

非瑟酮调节LKB1-AMPK-mTOR-p70S6K通路改善大鼠少弱精子症

目的研究非瑟酮对少弱精子大鼠的睾丸及精子保护作用,并探究其机制。方法构建大鼠少弱精子模型,将大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、非瑟酮低、中、高剂量治疗组、LKB1激动剂组,每组各10只。ELISA法检测各组卵泡刺激素(follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)、黄体生成素(luteinising hormone,LH)、睾酮(testosterone,T)、雌二醇(estradiol,E2)、催乳素(prolactin,PRL)水平;流式细胞术检测精子细胞凋亡;HE染色检测大鼠睾丸组织损伤;透射电镜检测精子细胞超微结构;qRT-PCR和Western blot检测LKB1、AMPK、mTOR、p70S6K mRNA和蛋白表达。结果与空白组相比,模型组和LKB1激动剂组FSH、LH、PRL、T等激素水平明显降低,精子细胞出现凋亡,睾丸损伤严重,LKB1、p-AMPK/AMPK表达明显上调,mTOR、p-p70S6K/p70S6K表达下调(P<0.05);与模型组相比,不同剂量的非瑟酮治疗后,精子细胞凋亡数明显减少,FSH、LH、PRL、T等激素水平明显上升,LKB1、p-AMPK/AMPK明显下调,mTOR、p-p70S6K/p70S6K明显上调(P<0.05)。结论非瑟酮可有效治疗少弱精症大鼠,其作用机制可能与LKB1-AMPK-mTOR-p70S6K信号通路有关。