Microstructure and mechanical properties of similar and dissimilar metal gas tungsten constricted arc welds:Maraging steel to 13-8 Mo stainless steel

Maraging steel (250) and 13-8 Mo stainless steel plates were joined by gas tungsten constricted arc welding(GTCAW) process in similar and dissimilar metal combinations using 13-8 Mo stainless steel filler wire. The similar and dissimilar metal welds made in solutionized condition were subjected to standard post weld hardening treatments direct ageing at 485 ℃, soaking for 31/2 hours followed by air cooling(ageing treatment of maraging steel) and direct ageing at 510 ℃, soaking for 4 h followed by air cooling(ageing treatment of 13-8 Mo stainless steel). The joint characterization studies include microstructure examination, microhardness survey across the weldments and transverse weld tensile test.Similar and dissimilar metal weldments responded to both the post weld ageing treatment. After post weld aging, increase in yield strength, UTS and slight reduction in % elongation of similar and dissimilar metal were observed. The observed tensile properties were correlated with microstructure and hardness distribution across the welds.

EFFECT OF DYNAMIC STRAIN AGING ON LOW CYCLE FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR OF 18-8 AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL

Studies were made of the symmetric tensile-compressive low cycle fatigue behaviour and the influence of dynamic strain aging(DSA)pre-treatment of 18-8 austenitic stainless steel. Within the testing amplitude range of strain.±0.5 % to±1.5 %,the three processes of cyclic hardening,cyclic saturation and cyclic softening were observed.In the same amplitude of strain,the peak stress of the samples pre-treated by DSA is higher than that of solid-solu- tion and cold working pre-treatment,but no remarkable differences of the fatigue lives of them were found.TEM observation shows that the uniform and stable dislocation networks with high density form after DSA pre-treatment,which increases the cyclic peak stress.The cyclic softening results from the low dislocation density and elongated cell structure with low energy.

The adsorption and corrosion inhibition of 8-hydroxy-7-quinolinecarboxaldehyde derivatives on C-steel surface in hydrochloric acid

The protection influence of 8-hydroxy-7-quinolinecarboxaldehyde derivatives against C-steel corrosion was studied in 2 mol·L^(-1)HCl solutions at 30 °C. Measurements were conducted under various experimental conditions using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and electrochemical frequency modulation(EFM) techniques. These studies have shown that 8-hydroxy-7-quinolinecarboxaldehyde derivatives are very good "green", mixed-type inhibitors. Corrosion rates obtained from both EFM and EIS methods are comparable with those recorded using Tafel extrapolation method, confirming validation of corrosion rates measured by the latter. The inhibitive action of these 8-hydroxy-7-quinolinecarboxaldehyde derivatives was discussed in terms of blocking the electrode surface by adsorption of the molecules through the active centers contained in their structures following Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Quantum chemical method was also employed to explore the relationship between the inhibitor molecular properties and its protection efficiency.

MIXED MODE SCC OF 18-8 STAINLESS STEEL IN BOILING 42% MgCl_2 SOLUTION

A series of mixed mode tests were carried out on 18-8 stainless steel in boiling 42% MgCl_2 solution.The results show that for any K_Ⅱ/K_Ⅰ ratio,the SCC direction coin- cides well with the crack tip maximum normal stress plane,while the SCC resistance of the material reduces as the ratio of K_Ⅱ/K_Ⅰ increases.The experimental results were discussed in the light of anode dissolving mechanism and the effect of mixed mode loading on crack tip stress and strain.It is concluded that for fracture analysis if mixed mode cracks were simply taken into account as mode Ⅰ cracks,and only mode Ⅰ testing results as mode Ⅰ fracture criter- ion were employed,it may not be safe.

Effect of interlayer on the mechanical properties of YG8 hard carbide/40Cr steel brazed joints

The effects of Cu foil and Ni foil on the mechanical properties of YG8 hard carbide/4OCr steel brazed joints were investigated. The results show that both Cu foil and Ni foil were beneficial to decrease the residual stress and enhance the joint strength. Moreover, Ni foil exhibited the better impact on enhancing the joint strength relative to Cu foil. When Cu foil was used as interlayer material, the key factor to restrain the joint strength was the massive and quick dissolution of Cu. Therefore, in order to prevent the excessive dissolution of Cu foil, the process parameter should be controlled strictly in the brazing process.

IN-SITU OBSERVATION OF THERMAL FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH IN STEEL 3Cr2W8V

The growing process of thermal fatigue cracking,in steel 3Cr2WSV was observed under desk SEM fitted with sell-made minisized device for thermal faligue test.Before the growing of thermal fatigue crack,the main crack tip reveals to blunt firstly,and some holes and uncontinuous microcraeks occur in front of it.The growth is developed by bridging of main crack together with holes and microcracks.

Failure analysis of the needle valve body of R18CrNi8 steel

A needle valve is a key component of a diesel injector.The needle valve body of the diesel engine, made of R18CrNi8 steel, cracked and failed during the working process.The cracking failure reasons for the carburized injector valve body through chemical composition analysis, metallographic examination, scanning electron microscope(SEM) analysis, and energy spectrum analysis, were investigated.The results reveal that the original material of the needle valve is in conformity with the manufacturing requirement.Due to the high carburizing quenching temperature, the best carburized layer structure was not obtained, and the machining defect from which the crack emanated was not identified.The cracks expanded and eventually led to fracture under the action of altered stress and the high-temperature combustion environment during the operation of the engine.

Investigation of Hot Deformation Behavior of SNCM8 Alloy Steel

Plastic flow behavior of the SNCM8 steel was investigated by performing hot compression tests within the temperature range of 850˚C to 1200˚C and strain rates of 0.01 s−1 to 10 s−1. Constitutive modeling based on dynamic recrystallization was established, in which Cingara equation was applied to represent work hardening up to peak stress and Avrami equation to describe dynamic softening beyond peak stress up to steady state. It was found that stress-strain responses predicted by the combined model fairly agreed with experimentally resulted curves for the particular conditions. The correlation coefficient (R) of 0.9485 and average absolute relative error (AARE) of 2.3614% was calculated for the modeled flow curves.

低含硫气井用N80S钢腐蚀行为研究——以陕北某气田为例

陕北含硫气田在开发中后期出水严重、缓蚀剂缓蚀效率受限且与泡排剂配伍性差,引发管材严重腐蚀。在分析陕北某低含硫气井用N80S钢腐蚀现状及其服役环境基础上,利用三电极电化学工作站对3种现场用咪唑啉基缓蚀剂进行筛选、分析了缓蚀剂与泡排剂的配伍性,并利用高温高压釜模拟其服役环境研究了缓蚀剂(+泡排剂)添加对N80S钢腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,N80S钢在下古低含硫气藏环境中服役不足5 a便因管壁严重减薄而断裂;N80S钢在添加150×10-6缓蚀剂3#后的电流密度仅为1.6μA/cm 2,腐蚀速率降至0.0372 mm/a,缓蚀剂的缓蚀效率达90%以上;而0.5%泡排剂的添加,轻微降低了缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能,N80S钢的腐蚀速率为0.0486 mm/a;腐蚀产物主要以FeCO 3和FeS为主。

Investigation and Mathematical Modelling of Optimized Cutting Parameters for Surface Roughness of EN-8 Alloy Steel

The work done in this work deals with the efficacy of cutting parameters on surface of EN-8 alloy steel.For knowing the optimal effects of cutting parameters response surface methodology was practiced subjected to central composite design matrix.The motive was to introduce an interaction among input parameters,i.e.,cutting speed,feed and depth of cut and output parameter,surface roughness.For this,second order response surface model was modeled.The foreseen values obtained were found to be fairly close to observed values,showed that the model could be practiced to forecast the surface roughness on EN-8 within the range of parameter studied.Contours and 3-D plots are generated to forecast the value of surface roughness.It was revealed that surface roughness decreases with increases in cutting speed and it increases with feed.However,there were found negligible or almost no implication of depth of cut on surface roughness whereas feed rate affected the surface roughness most.For lower surface roughness,the optimum values of each one were also evaluated.

18-8系列粗晶不锈钢锅炉管内壁氧化皮大面积剥落防治对策

对18-8系列粗晶奥氏体不锈钢过热器和再热器蒸汽侧氧化皮快速生长和大面积剥落行为及其防治对策进行了研究。结果表明:超温或运行中管壁金属温度偏高是导致蒸汽侧氧化皮快速生长的最主要原因;原生氧化皮外层与基体金属间过大的热膨胀系数差异引起的热应力导致了氧化皮的开裂和剥落;大量管子内壁原生氧化皮外层厚度同时达到或超过临界剥落厚度值导致了氧化皮的大面积剥落。防止氧化皮启停炉时大面积剥落的措施应从2个方面入手:通过控制管壁金属温度水平降低氧化皮的生长速度,从而推迟氧化皮首次发生剥落的时间并减少其剥落总量;通过运行调整改变氧化皮的剥落方式,使氧化皮在运行过程中就以碎屑状陆续剥落并随蒸汽流带出管屏,避免在停炉时以大片状发生大面积剥落。

焊接速度对18-8不锈钢堆焊层组织形态的影响

采用带极电渣焊方法在Q235表面得到了18-8不锈钢堆焊层。研究不同焊接速度对18-8不锈钢堆焊层组织形态的影响。结果表明,带极电渣堆焊层显微组织主要由奥氏体和少量δ铁素体构成,其中δ铁素体有断续状(或称蠕虫状)、骨架状和板条状三种形态,决定于堆焊层的合金成分、焊接热输入及冷却条件等因素。当焊速过小时,堆焊层组织中δ铁素体的形态主要是断续状和骨架状;当焊速过大时,δ铁素体的形态主要是板条状和骨架状;当焊速适中时,可获得热输入小、稀释率低、成形良好,显微组织为奥氏体基体和骨架状δ铁素体的堆焊层组织。

银对18-8铬镍奥氏体不锈钢抗菌性能的影响

由ZG 2 5真空感应炉熔炼成的含银 18 8不锈钢 0 16C 17 6 3Cr 8 6 5Ni 0 2 7Ag与普通 18 8不锈钢 0 0 7C 17 80Cr 7 92Ni的性能对比试验表明 ,18 8Ag奥氏体不锈钢的机械性能与普通 18 8奥氏体不锈钢相当 ;普通 18 8钢没有明显的抗菌性能 ,而 18 8Ag钢在 10 5 0℃固溶处理 6 0 0℃时效 4h后因组织中含有富银相 ,其抗菌性能显著提高 ,经粘结薄膜法测定得出 18 8 0 2 7Ag奥氏体不锈钢对大肠杆菌的抗菌率大于 93% ,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率为 10 0 %。

两种方法分析高锰钢和18-8不锈钢加工硬化行为的对比

对高锰钢和18-8不锈钢进行了室温拉伸试验,通过Hollomon法和Crussard-Jaoul法分析了高锰钢和18-8不锈钢的加工硬化行为。结果表明:Crussard-Jaoul法比Hollomon法能更好地分析高锰钢和18-8不锈钢加工硬化行为的特点和机制;18-8不锈钢以位错滑移为塑性变形机制,高锰钢在低应变阶段(e≤0.07)也以位错滑移为主要的塑性变形机制,但当真应变超过0.07时,则以孪生为主要的变形机制;正是孪晶的产生导致了高锰钢和18-8不锈钢加工硬化行为的显著差异。

18-8型奥氏体钢锅炉管高温运行后失效原因分析

通过对火电厂锅炉用18-8型奥氏体不锈钢受热面管长期高温运行过程中失效事故的研究和分析,认为晶界出现连续和封闭的碳化物析出相及针状σ相、氧化皮成长和剥落以及弯头在复杂应力状态下发生的相变等金相组织老化现象直接造成材料性能的劣化,是18- 8型奥氏体不锈钢高温运行中失效的重要原因,其结果可为18-8型奥氏体钢锅炉管运行监督提供一定的参考。

动态应变时效对18-8型奥氏体不锈钢低周疲劳行为的影响

本文研究了18-8型奥氏体不锈钢的对称拉压低周疲劳行为特征及动态应变时效(DSA)预处理的影响结果表明:在所使用的应变幅(±0.5%-±1.5%)范围内,试样都经过循环硬化、饱和和循环软化过程,在相同的应变幅下DSA预处理后循环峰值应力高于固溶态及冷变形预处理状态,但疲劳断裂寿命相差不大TEM分析结果表明:材料经DSA预处理后,形成了均匀、高密度、稳定的位错组态是提高循环峰值应力的主要原因,而循环软化则是由于形成了低密度的。

18-8型奥氏体不锈钢锅炉管服役特性研究(五)

随着18-8型奥氏体不锈钢锅炉管服役时间的延长,组织老化和性能劣化程度会逐渐加重,组织性能的变化会导致材料的脆化和抗腐蚀性能的降低等。在组织性能变化试验研究的基础上,将18-8型奥氏体不锈钢锅炉管微观组织老化特征和老化程度共分为5级,分别为1级:未老化;2级:轻度老化;3级:中度老化;4级:完全老化;5级:严重老化。给出了各级老化的微观组织特征。

18-8不锈钢/42％MgCl_2(沸)复合型应力腐蚀研究

本文用单轴拉伸中心斜裂纹平板试样对18-8不锈钢/42％MgCl_2(沸)进行了一系列复合型应力腐蚀试验。结果表明,复合型加载条件下,应力腐蚀开裂方向与裂端最大正应力面方向一致;但是应力腐蚀裂纹起始扩展的临界抗力却随K_Ⅱ/K_Ⅰ值增大而降低。根据阳极溶解型应力腐蚀的“滑移溶解”机制,本文从复合型加载比对裂端应力状态及塑性变形程度的影响就上述结果进行了讨论,并指出:在断裂分析中简单地使用Ⅰ型测试结果,并把复合型裂纹当作Ⅰ型裂纹处理是不安全的。

填丝TIG焊接Mo-Cu合金与18-8不锈钢接头的微观组织

采用填丝钨极氩弧焊(TIG)对Mo-Cu合金与18-8不锈钢进行焊接.采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、显微硬度计及X射线衍射仪等对Mo-Cu/18-8接头的微观组织、显微硬度、元素分布及熔合区附近的物相组成进行分析.结果表明,Mo-Cu合金侧的熔合区为马氏体和奥氏体的混合组织,焊缝和18-8钢侧的熔合区为奥氏体和铁素体双相组织;从Mo-Cu合金到焊缝,Mo元素的扩散过渡促使在熔合区形成了增碳层;Mo-Cu合金侧的熔合区附近主要由Mo,Cu,γ-Fe(Ni),Fe0.54 Mo0.73和Cu3.8 Ni相组成.增碳层和Fe0.54Mo0.73金属化合物的存在导致Mo-Cu合金侧的熔合区硬度较高,显微硬度值达1 200 HV.

核用一回路18-8不锈钢管道腐蚀分析

通过宏观检查、显微组织、断口形貌及扫描电镜能谱分析等方法对核用一回路0Cr18Ni10Ti管道存在的腐蚀问题进行了全面分析。结果表明:直管部位的点腐蚀出现较多,弯管部位出现较少的应力腐蚀,焊缝部位也出现较少的应力腐蚀和晶间腐蚀;产生上述腐蚀的原因主要是由于材料本身的性能欠佳和海水滴漏溅落到管道表面造成了氯离子聚集。