Tao, Virtue, Benevolence, Righteousness and Propriety:On the Core Values of Shu School

The core concepts of Confucianism were developed over the change of the times by Confucian scholars after Zi Si and Mencius, and have formed their respective structures: The three great principles of "benevolence, wisdom and bravery," and the self-cultivation model of "benevolence, righteousness and propriety" by Confucius. Following Confucius, Zi Si vigorously advocated the five virtues of "benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and sage."Mencius initiated the four cardinal virtues of "benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom."Xun Zi often constructed the collocation of "benevolence and righteousness, rites and music, and loyalty and trustworthiness."Dong Zhongshu finally developed the five constant virtues of "benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and trustworthiness."In a simple, clear, practical and feasible way, the core values of Confucianism have won support among the people and have had an impact on Chinese society for more than two thousand years. Being open and inclusive, the connotation of Confucianism took advantage of the strengths of different schools of philosophy in ancient China, and adopted changes from philosophies with positive attitudes. The Bashu area, in the southwest of China, has inherited the tradition of adhering to the Tao(natural order of the Universe) and valuing morality. Shu scholars have creatively built the core values of "the Tao, virtue, benevolence, righteousness and propriety," and developed a characteristic branch of philosophy above and beyond the Confucian scholars of the Central Plains. This concept stems from Yan Junping of the Western Han Dynasty, promoted by Yang Xiong, developed by Zhao Rui of the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Shangying and Su Dongpo of the Song Dynasty, and Lai Zhide of the Ming Dynasty, then further developed by Liu Yuan and Duan Zhengyuan of the Qing Dynasty, and formed the persistent system of core values of the Shu School. Compared with the values of orthodox Confucianism, the core values of the Shu School have the functions of"a unity of metaphysics and physics"and"a combination of theory and practice,"which remedy the lack of Confucianism's ultimate concern for ontology and the lack of Taoism's realistic concern for practicality.

In the Spirit of Benevolence:Taking Action to Fight Against the COVID-19 Pandemic

Confucian doctors are representative of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)practitioners with excellent moral character and medical knowledge,they are not hidden in the depths of ancient documents but are a guiding inspiration for professional medical personnel today.Confucian doctors are representative group of benevolence in Confucian philosophy and demonstrate the scientific and humanistic spirit of Confucian philosophy and demonstrate the scientific and humanistic spirit of Confucianism in their medical practice.They are also leading medical practitioners who uphold professional ethics in their pursuits of scientific research,clinical diagnosis&treatment,and scholarship.Both TCM and Confucian doctors played important roles during the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic in China.By virtue of the superb medical skills of Confucian doctors,integrated Chinese and Western medicine can quickly alleviate patients’symptoms,increase cure rates,reduce mortality rates,thus saving lives.Following the results of extensive clinical trials,this integrated therapy is now understood to be a beneficial treatment for COVID-19.The combination of TCM and Western medicine is a major feature of COVID-19 prevention and control in China.In particular,TCM plays a significant role in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic with its unique advantages.

Cognitive Interpretation of Confucian Righteousness

According to traditional Confucianism,righteousness means obligation,goodness,courtesy,and responsibility.As a basic component of Confucian thoughts,it is closely related to other Confucian virtues,like benevolence,courtesy,filial piety,faith,etc.Meanwhile,righteousness was practiced and proved to be significant in governing a country in several states of Pre-Qin period.It still works nowadays.In connotation,righteousness not only means ethical order between human beings,but also highlights the value system stressing morality,still it underlines humane responsibility of obligation being intrinsic quality.Therefore,righteousness plays an important role in modern society.Apart from helping to establish favorable profit conception to promote individual realm of life,it also helps to promote an upright and clean social environment and build harmonious socialist society.

Reinterpreting ＂Universe＂ and Recovering ＂Benevolence＂ -- To Commemorate the Evolution and Ethics andthe Theory of Benevolence Published 120 Years

Yan Fu＇s Evolution and Ethics and Tan Sitong＇ s Theory of Benevolence are thetwo important books published in the great turning point of modern Chinese history. Both booksnot only harshly criticize the monarchy, take the lead in appealing for liberty, equality and democra-cy, but also give a creative explanation of universe -man relationship which is the basic issue of Chi-nese thought, promote the transformation of traditional cosmology and morality toward a new worldoutlook, social outlook and values, and lay the foundation for ontology and methodology of new ide-as and new theories. Both books have the ＂Prejudice＂ given by Chinese traditional culture,but be-cause of their ideological resources, thinking coordinates and methodological path differences, theyconstitute a certain relationship of contrast and complementarity in theory. Therefore, conducting amore in - depth analysis and summing up the achievements and limitations of them are enough toprovide valuable lessons for us in ＂restarting the thinking of universe -man＂ in today＇s era.

Abraham’s Conception of God and Righteousness Through Faith

Abraham was justified by God because of his faith alone before he received the sign of circumcision which was then kept by the Israelites,his descendants.According to Paul and later Luther,justified Christians who were not born as Jews are similar to Abraham,although they more specifically believe in Jesus Christ as their Savior.Without any creeds of Judaism or Christianity,Abraham’s conception of God was not deep and abstract as today’s theology allows,but his experience was recorded in the Genesis by Moses under oral tradition and the guidance of the Holy Spirit.Many present Christians worldwide hold that despite their own limited understanding of God and his revelation in the Bible which has been fully written,they are justified or may be justified,so they are comparable to Abraham.The righteousness of God never changes.Not only can we comprehend the gradual revelation of God in the Bible,but we also can study the consistence of faith and righteousness in the Old and New Testament through Abraham,and thus we can better understand the justification faith through grace of Luther who holds a realistic view on the concept of church as does Paul.Compared with the faith defined by Aquinas who represents the medieval standard,the one defined by Luther is more consistent with what the Apostle Paul teaches.In conclusion,the paper supports the translation of the Bible with realism.

Cognitive Interpretation of Thought of Benevolence in Confucianism

Confucianism thought has had an important role in many aspects of Chinese,and it has become the shared national spirit of Chinese nation. The core of Confucianism thought is the thought of benevolence,a great recreation of Chinese ancient great ideologists and educators,which is based on ritual and music culture of Confucianism,reflecting the philosophy of zeitgeist in various stages of social changes. The paper begins with the statement of connotation of the thought of benevolence in Confucianism. Then,six aspects of the thought,the benevolent loving others,principle of benevolence and loyalty,loving all people and animals,etc. are interpreted,including the practical significance of the thought,which provides effective reference for the application of the thought of benevolence in the present construction of harmonious society.

The Exploration of relationship among benevolence, wisdom and courage in the context of Putnam＇s value theory

Confucius attaches great importance to the relationship between benevolence, wisdom and courage. Benevolence is the core of Confucius＇s moral principle, which reflects the principle of Confucius values; Wisdom is the recognition of the principle of benevolence and other values; Courage is the inner belief to achieve benevolence. Putnam rejected the dichotomy, of facts and value, he thought value problem also have cognitive meaning. This theory maintenance the relationship between benevolence, wisdom and courage is reasonable. To discuss the relationship between benevolence, wisdom and courage in the context of Putnam＇s value theory will help us to achieve the benevolence thought modernization.

An analysis of the Confucian ＂benevolence＂ and fit to foster a good family tradition

Family education is brought to the attention since ancient times ,good family trait is through the ages many dignitaries of cultivate our morality and set up home.＂ Benevolence ＂ thought is the core of Confucianism, and is also the important content of Chinese excellent traditional culture. In this paper, the content of the Confucian＂ benevolence ＂thought and its fit with modem start-up construction has carried on the preliminary analysis, probes into the Confucian idea of＂ love＂ to restore the meaning of good family trait

Architectural Benevolent Builders (ABB): A global system automating integration of structured and semistructured sources

We investigate highly sophisticated mechanisms that merge and automate interoperability of heterogeneous traditional information systems together with the World Wide Web as one world. In particular, we introduce the ABB system that employs most of the Benevolent Builders (BB) which are assertions, integration rules, ABB network graph and agents to activate the components’ versatility to reconcile the semantics involved in data sharing in order to withstand the terrific dynamic computer technology in the present and future information age. The ABB is a global application system with its operation covering local databases to the Internet. The first three BB are passive objects, whereas, the agent has a strong versatility to perceive events, perform actions, communicate, make commitments, and satisfy claims. Due to the BB’s power of intelligence, ABB also has the capability to filter out and process only the relevant operational sources like preferences (i.e. customer’s interest) from the sites. The ABB’s richness in knowledge and flexibility to accommodate various data models, manages to link: system to system or firm to firm regardless of the field such as: engineering, insurance, medical, space science, and education, to mention a few.

Ren (仁), the Benevolent Thought of Traditional Chinese Medicine

This article offers a brief introduction to the evolution of Ren(仁),which is not only the core of Confucian ethics but also the top moral principle observed by traditional Chinese medicine doctors,holding that feasible solutions to cultural conflicts could be worked out under the guidance of Ren.

“孝”为“仁”“礼”之本论

孝、仁、礼虽都是儒学最为重要的核心范畴和德目,但孝为仁、礼之本。孝为仁之本:孝是仁的情感发生根源;仁之博爱是孝之亲爱的有序推扩;孝是行仁的实践起点。孝为礼之本:孝是礼的人性内在根源与心性基础;礼之敬意源于孝之敬亲敬祖意识;孝之祭礼是培育强化人们敬意的根源和途径。重视孝本论有利于厘清儒学重要范畴的内在联系与逻辑,有利于呈现曾子学派的重要性,也有利于推动弘扬中华传统孝道的实践。

《儒行》篇:戴仁而行,抱义而处——孔子为儒者赋予价值规定的经学文本解读

在早期儒者转型的时点上,孔子致力于“君子儒”的建构,有意把儒者群体带出“小人儒”的困境。《儒行》篇是孔子第一次自觉而系统地为整个阶层的职业行为制定标准,率先为儒者立范立则,赋予仁义价值规定。“待聘”“待问”“待举”“待取”意味着早期儒者群体已经做好心理和行动的积极准备,耐心等候进用。儒者执持操行,面对货财乐好之利却不亏损道义。有道义充塞于心,具有强大的意志力和自制力,儒者无所畏惧,勇往直前,即便献出生命也在所不惜。儒者为道义而生,为道义而死。“往者不悔,来者不豫”则强调儒者须有抓住当下、直击本体的能力和品格。以忠信为甲胄,以礼义为干橹,戴仁而行,抱义而处,则是早期儒者队伍自觉告别“小人儒”的庄重宣言,足见风骨气节。“不临深而为高”则要求儒者不与世沉浮而建构独立的精神人格。

译者伦理的“四端”说阐释

为探寻中国传统文化与译者伦理研究相结合的可能性,以孟子“四端”说为基本的阐释框架,讨论“仁义礼智”与译者伦理建构的内在契合性。“仁义礼智”作为一个相互关联的整体,共同构成了译者伦理的基本内涵,即:“仁”是译者伦理的依归,“义”是译者伦理的适切,“礼”是译者伦理的显形,“智”是译者伦理的评判。“仁义礼智”指向的译者伦理是一个互为解释和补充的关联系统,它们共同构成了译者实施翻译行为的伦理性要求。以“四端”说为阐释框架研究译者伦理问题是一种“返本开新”的思想传承与理念创新,可为译者伦理的思想建构提供独特的分析视角与可供借鉴的研究思路。

重评董仲舒与司马迁的义利观

对董仲舒和司马迁的义利观,学界还存在诸多争议或误解。概而言之,董仲舒的义利观主要有两个方面的含义:一是重义兴利,既强调义大于利,又主张物质利益不可或缺,圣人也要“为天下兴利”。二是“宜在我者”,把符合其身份和地位的物质利益都纳入“义”的范畴,而将不符合其身份和地位的物质利益均视为“利”的范畴,并引申出反对盐铁官营和官吏经商的“与民争利”主张。司马迁的义利观也有两个方面的含义:一是利大于义,公开宣称求利或争利是人的天性,所谓仁义亦只是“富”的附属物。二是国家和个人均可以“兴利”,也应该倡导“兴利”。至于“兴利”能否成功,其结果是好是坏,则应当看具体效果,而不能一概否定。尽管他们的义利观都存在明显的局限,并相互对立,但无论是董仲舒的义利观,还是司马迁的义利观,实际都有着针砭现实的积极作用,对后世亦产生了深远影响。

墨子义利观视域下古代中医义利观分析及其当代价值

古代中医医家行医目的和取酬态度与墨子义利观具有高度相通性。在墨子“贵义尚利”思想的涵养和规约下,古代中医医家形成了以术利人、以义为先的行医目的和义利兼顾、以义获利的取酬态度。以古鉴今,将古代中医义利观的精髓,通过感染教育,培养医务人员以义为上的行医追求;利用课程思政和媒体宣传,鞭策医务人员守住以义制利的行医底线;借助激励机制,构建义利兼顾的薪酬分配等多种路径,有机融摄于当代医德义利观教育,以冀树立符合当今经济和社会发展的医学义利观,为构建和谐医患关系、促进医学健康发展、构建人类卫生健康共同体助力。

以义为政:赵匡胤的开国策略

赵匡胤在追求长治久安的策略中,尽可能使用和平手段解决问题。贯穿宋初建国、统一、稳定全过程的策略,即历史上少见的义气,是他和风细雨却力挽狂澜的法宝。包括确立优待后周柴氏的政策并将周六庙列入国家祀典,封柴氏后人世袭崇义公,允许后周遗老遗少对周世宗忠义及表达私人感情;将义用于统一战略,反对滥杀无辜,优待降王;大量采取江湖义气办法统军,不顾国法;宋太祖仍与诸将领保持义兄弟关系,多加关怀纵容,也多保全式防范。以义为政是“马上治天下”的新创举,把江湖之义转化为庙堂之义,使义政治化,用义治天下。宋初历史由动乱走向和平,得益于“义”观念强大的精神力量。宋初政治文明中有着很大的“义”成分,遂成为宋代开国体制的重要内容。

“义”在宋代的应用与价值

宋代是义观念实践的一个历史高潮。宋代之义具有崇高神圣的精神地位,受到上至皇帝、下及盗贼的追捧。宋代强调君臣以义立,皇帝以义结天下人心,以义对内理政、对外交好。士大夫之公义指正义、刚正的气概,是高尚情操,其小义主要体现在对社会、朋友的责任担当与无私帮助,个人之间也多称兄道弟以及结拜兄弟。武人之公义通常都是忠于朝廷,慷慨赴义,其私义多表现于结拜兄弟。民间之义除公益之义外,还有更多样的表现形式,如互济互助、扶正驱邪,包括义居、复仇杀人,结义现象更为普遍,既有义兄弟,也有义父子,均受到法律的承认。义观念的强化和实践,体现着宋人的奉献精神、自律精神、契约精神。从开国皇帝赵匡胤传下来的以义治国策略,是宋代政治文明的重要组成部分。

张岱年早期对于孔子思想的研究

张岱年早期对于孔子思想的研究可以分为三个阶段。在20世纪30年代前期,张岱年对于孔子思想的研究主要在其仁学和认识论领域,并兼及对于孔子思想的总体和正面的评价。在20世纪30年代后期,张岱年对于孔子思想的研究主要在其天论、人性论、人生至道论、人生问题论、认识方法等领域。在20世纪40年代后期,张岱年对于孔子思想的研究主要在其“品值”哲学、功与利的思想、认识方法等领域,并涉及对于孔子思想的正反两面的系统评价。在张岱年心中,孔子是中国哲学的创始人,奠定了中国哲学的人生哲学特质,孔子的天论、人性论、仁论以及认知理论等对于中国哲学具有首创之功。

史传文体之“作”与“修”的矛盾

史传与诸子在《汉书·艺文志》中属于文献分类,而在《文心雕龙》里则属于文体分类,当然纪昀对此早就提出质疑。从文体论看,史传必须保持求真实和树大义的文体特点,以《春秋左氏传》为例,其间“《春秋》大义”与“因鲁史”就构成孔子之《春秋》的文体应有之标准,即使实录也离不开善恶是非等大义之表达,若《春秋》无大义,则一部《春秋》将黯淡无光。因而衍生出历史上存在的孔子“作《春秋》”与“修《春秋》”两种不同叙事,从经学和史学两个角度辨析其所指。从史传文体特征而论,一方面孔子作《春秋》,凸显其当一部大法的原创性价值;另一方面孔子修《春秋》却是兼顾史家思想和史料的最佳结合,以至于达到游夏之徒不能赞一辞的绝对高度。然而,从孔子到左丘明以降,以至《史记》《汉书》,史家和史料之因缘际会,却都存在着因人而异性,或不确定性,因而由宋儒请传统《春秋》学走下神坛。于是《史记》《汉书》等史书,因其人为作品之性质,显示了史家、史料诸端局限性的史学困境,这也正是史传文体所遭遇永恒的矛盾和困惑。

试论旴江医家龚廷贤仁的思想内涵

旴江流域人文荟萃,是儒家新学的重要发源地与传播地,涌现出了数以百计且闻名于世的杰出医药学家,在中医学发展史上占有重要地位。在尊儒重医的时代,素有医林状元之称的旴江医家龚廷贤,其医学思想的形成受儒家思想影响颇深。仁,是儒家学说的核心,对中华文化与社会的发展产生了重大影响。从儒家思想的视角,通过研究旴江医家龚廷贤的医著、事迹、方药,对龚氏“仁”的思想进行探析,试论其思想内涵。