An in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of grain type on in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) and pH using ruminal fluid and a buffer reagent. Five beef cows were used for ruminal fluid colle...An in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of grain type on in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) and pH using ruminal fluid and a buffer reagent. Five beef cows were used for ruminal fluid collection and ruminal fluid was pooled prior to use. The cows used for ruminal fluid collection were maintained on a forage-based diet (60:40 forage to concentrate) for 28 d prior to ruminal fluid collection. Three grain types were evaluated: 1) dry corn (89% dry matter;DRC), 2) high-moisture corn (72% dry matter;HMC) and 3) rye (89% dry matter;RYE). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design. A total of twenty-one replications of each grain type were used for statistical analysis (n = 63 tubes total). IVDMD was greater (P ≤ 0.05) by 97.1% and 46.4% for RYE compared to DRC and HMC, respectively. Additionally, IVDMD was greater (P = 0.05) by 34.6% for HMC compared to DRC. Final pH was decreased (P ≤ 0.05) for RYE by 12.3% and 2.8% for RYE compared to DRC and HMC, respectively. Also, final pH was decreased (P = 0.05) by 9.8% for HMC compared to DRC. These data indicate that corn harvest method (dry vs. high-moisture) influences IVDMD and final pH and that rye has a greater disappearance of dry matter and lower final pH than corn under in vitro conditions.展开更多
本文以翻译伦理为观照,以The Catcher in the Rye的施咸荣、孙仲旭两个汉译本为例,探讨代词间接回指语的汉译。结果表明:(1)代词间接回指语的汉译方法从宏观上看,以直译为主,辅之以回指语的去除、明晰化和回指语的增益、转换等,虽然施...本文以翻译伦理为观照,以The Catcher in the Rye的施咸荣、孙仲旭两个汉译本为例,探讨代词间接回指语的汉译。结果表明:(1)代词间接回指语的汉译方法从宏观上看,以直译为主,辅之以回指语的去除、明晰化和回指语的增益、转换等,虽然施译本的直译比例远超孙译本;当涉及到具体句子,不同译本中代词间接回指语的译法颇有差异;(2)"文化转向"背景下的翻译伦理及其再现、服务、交际、规范等伦理细则是一个合适的参照和分析手段,可以从微观上分析代词间接回指语各译例的得失;(3)两个汉译本服务于各自的时代,施译更多地想要忠实原文和作者,而孙译兼顾作者和读者。虽然总体上在回指语翻译方面孙译本超过施译本,但都体现了翻译伦理,因此各有千秋,说明了译者风格的客观存在。展开更多
The Catcher in the Rye,J.D. Salinger's first long fiction,was one of his most famous and successful works. It not only influenced American novels written afterwards,for example,Evan Hunter's Last Summer,Sylvia...The Catcher in the Rye,J.D. Salinger's first long fiction,was one of his most famous and successful works. It not only influenced American novels written afterwards,for example,Evan Hunter's Last Summer,Sylvia Plath's The Bell Jar,but also influenced the American society. Take the American film industry which was so good at chasing the audience's interest for a typical example:a large numebr of movies,such as Rebel Without A Cause,American Graffiti,Dirty Dancing,The graduate,and so on:they wouldn't have been filmed like that if The Catcher in the Rye didn't go front as a model. Then,can we really find any big differences between the anxiety ex-pressed by Holden and that by the music and words of Jewel,the Green Day,and the Smashing Pumpkins?展开更多
By releasing the book The Catcher in the Rye,J.D.Salinger received an immediate popularity of his writing career.Hissymbolic use of language has been thoroughly researched but the symbolic scenes which make up Holden&...By releasing the book The Catcher in the Rye,J.D.Salinger received an immediate popularity of his writing career.Hissymbolic use of language has been thoroughly researched but the symbolic scenes which make up Holden's life stage,especiallythe symbolic connotations of ironic resting places in the novel,such as bed,couch and bedroom,has not been paid much attention.It tries to analyse the four scenes: on Holden's history teacher's bed,on the hotel bed with a prostitute,in his sister's bedroom,and on his English teacher's couch,and aims to discover his spiritual chaos as well as adolescent desires in the real world,demon-strating that there is no place for adolescent Holden to rest after he chooses his own stage of scenes in his life.展开更多
Rye(Secale cereale L., 2n=2x=14, RR) is a significant genetic resource for improving common wheat because of its resistance to multiple diseases and abiotic-stress tolerant traits. The 1RS chromosome from the German c...Rye(Secale cereale L., 2n=2x=14, RR) is a significant genetic resource for improving common wheat because of its resistance to multiple diseases and abiotic-stress tolerant traits. The 1RS chromosome from the German cultivated rye variety Petkus is critical in wheat breeding. However, its weakened disease resistance highlights the need to identify new resources. In the present study, a novel derived line called D27 was developed from common wheat and Mexico Rye.Cytological observations characterized the karyotype of D27 as 2n=42=21 Ⅱ. Genomic in situ hybridization indicated that a pair of whole-arm translocated Mexico Rye chromosomes were inherited typically in the mitotic and meiosis stages of D27. Experiments using fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) and gliadin electrophoresis showed that D27 lacked wheat 1DS chromosomes. They were replaced by 1RS chromosomes of Mexico Rye, supported by wheat simple-sequence repeat markers, rye sequence characterized amplified region markers, and wheat 40K SNP array analysis.The wheat 1DS chromosomes could not be detected by molecular markers and wheat SNP array, but the presence of rye 1RS chromosomes was confirmed. Agronomic trait assessments indicated that D27 had a higher tiller number and enhanced stripe rust and powdery mildew resistance. In addition, dough properties analysis showed that replacing 1DS led to higher viscosity and lower dough elasticity in D27, which was beneficial for cake making. In conclusion, the novel cytogenetically stable common wheat–Mexico Rye T1DL·1RS translocation line D27 offers excellent potential as outstanding germplasm in wheat breeding programs focusing on disease resistance and yield improvement. Additionally,it can be valuable for researching the rye 1RS chromosome’s genetic diversity.展开更多
American society went through some especially speedy and drastic changes, after the World War II. Its transformation into a significant superpower as well as the horrors of the recent conflict is reflected in specific...American society went through some especially speedy and drastic changes, after the World War II. Its transformation into a significant superpower as well as the horrors of the recent conflict is reflected in specific American novels and in the writing of certain elite novelists. They focus on human loss and a consequent search for identity and problematic belonging in a world of prejudice and hostility. This search for identity and aspiration to conformity with the new change is among of the main features of Salinger＇s the Catcher in the Rye, Ellison＇s Invisible Man and Vonnegut＇s Slaughterhouse Five. The paper focuses on certain similarities in theme and form which link these three novels and examines the extent of presentation of the style of narration set in motion by all three writers.展开更多
Jerome David Salinger is a famous American novelist. His famous novel The Catcher in the Rye, vividly shows us imagination of a teenage after the Second World War. In this novel, the writer put contradiction between A...Jerome David Salinger is a famous American novelist. His famous novel The Catcher in the Rye, vividly shows us imagination of a teenage after the Second World War. In this novel, the writer put contradiction between American teenager material life and the lack of spiritual life after the World War II, reflected on the protagonist Holden. In the novel, Amanda Louise Holden hated the adult hypocritical world and he wanted to escape from the reality, but his weakness decided that he finally ended in failure and the collapse of the spirit. Holden is a victim of the era and the tragedy of the times. This paper tries to make a detailed and deep analysis on the tragedy of Holden in the novel展开更多
The Catcher in the Rye has been popular with readers since its publication,and critics at home and abroad have also conducted a lot of research on it.But they mainly proceed from the author and the text to evaluate an...The Catcher in the Rye has been popular with readers since its publication,and critics at home and abroad have also conducted a lot of research on it.But they mainly proceed from the author and the text to evaluate and analyze,ignoring the readers who are essential participants in text interpretation in the eyes of reader-response critics.In order to make up for this shortcoming,this article will take Iser’s reader-response criticism as a research perspective,starting from the three aspects of implied reader,response-inviting structure,and gaps to explore the interaction between the text of The Catcher in the Rye and the readers during the reading process.This research is expected to provide a new interpretation of this novel and provide reference for future research in related fields.展开更多
This paper analyzes the E-C translation of the book The Catcher in the Rye from the perspective of Skopos theory,taking Sun Zhongxu's translation work as an example,in which,literature method and case study method...This paper analyzes the E-C translation of the book The Catcher in the Rye from the perspective of Skopos theory,taking Sun Zhongxu's translation work as an example,in which,literature method and case study method are adopted.The paper finds that Sun Zhongxu uses many colloquial expressions to convey the meaning of the source language.His translation strategies,his translation of American slangs,and his choices of words all reflect the three rules of Skopos theory.展开更多
文摘An in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of grain type on in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) and pH using ruminal fluid and a buffer reagent. Five beef cows were used for ruminal fluid collection and ruminal fluid was pooled prior to use. The cows used for ruminal fluid collection were maintained on a forage-based diet (60:40 forage to concentrate) for 28 d prior to ruminal fluid collection. Three grain types were evaluated: 1) dry corn (89% dry matter;DRC), 2) high-moisture corn (72% dry matter;HMC) and 3) rye (89% dry matter;RYE). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design. A total of twenty-one replications of each grain type were used for statistical analysis (n = 63 tubes total). IVDMD was greater (P ≤ 0.05) by 97.1% and 46.4% for RYE compared to DRC and HMC, respectively. Additionally, IVDMD was greater (P = 0.05) by 34.6% for HMC compared to DRC. Final pH was decreased (P ≤ 0.05) for RYE by 12.3% and 2.8% for RYE compared to DRC and HMC, respectively. Also, final pH was decreased (P = 0.05) by 9.8% for HMC compared to DRC. These data indicate that corn harvest method (dry vs. high-moisture) influences IVDMD and final pH and that rye has a greater disappearance of dry matter and lower final pH than corn under in vitro conditions.
文摘本文以翻译伦理为观照,以The Catcher in the Rye的施咸荣、孙仲旭两个汉译本为例,探讨代词间接回指语的汉译。结果表明:(1)代词间接回指语的汉译方法从宏观上看,以直译为主,辅之以回指语的去除、明晰化和回指语的增益、转换等,虽然施译本的直译比例远超孙译本;当涉及到具体句子,不同译本中代词间接回指语的译法颇有差异;(2)"文化转向"背景下的翻译伦理及其再现、服务、交际、规范等伦理细则是一个合适的参照和分析手段,可以从微观上分析代词间接回指语各译例的得失;(3)两个汉译本服务于各自的时代,施译更多地想要忠实原文和作者,而孙译兼顾作者和读者。虽然总体上在回指语翻译方面孙译本超过施译本,但都体现了翻译伦理,因此各有千秋,说明了译者风格的客观存在。
文摘The Catcher in the Rye,J.D. Salinger's first long fiction,was one of his most famous and successful works. It not only influenced American novels written afterwards,for example,Evan Hunter's Last Summer,Sylvia Plath's The Bell Jar,but also influenced the American society. Take the American film industry which was so good at chasing the audience's interest for a typical example:a large numebr of movies,such as Rebel Without A Cause,American Graffiti,Dirty Dancing,The graduate,and so on:they wouldn't have been filmed like that if The Catcher in the Rye didn't go front as a model. Then,can we really find any big differences between the anxiety ex-pressed by Holden and that by the music and words of Jewel,the Green Day,and the Smashing Pumpkins?
文摘By releasing the book The Catcher in the Rye,J.D.Salinger received an immediate popularity of his writing career.Hissymbolic use of language has been thoroughly researched but the symbolic scenes which make up Holden's life stage,especiallythe symbolic connotations of ironic resting places in the novel,such as bed,couch and bedroom,has not been paid much attention.It tries to analyse the four scenes: on Holden's history teacher's bed,on the hotel bed with a prostitute,in his sister's bedroom,and on his English teacher's couch,and aims to discover his spiritual chaos as well as adolescent desires in the real world,demon-strating that there is no place for adolescent Holden to rest after he chooses his own stage of scenes in his life.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771785)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi, China (2018ZDXM-NY-006)。
文摘Rye(Secale cereale L., 2n=2x=14, RR) is a significant genetic resource for improving common wheat because of its resistance to multiple diseases and abiotic-stress tolerant traits. The 1RS chromosome from the German cultivated rye variety Petkus is critical in wheat breeding. However, its weakened disease resistance highlights the need to identify new resources. In the present study, a novel derived line called D27 was developed from common wheat and Mexico Rye.Cytological observations characterized the karyotype of D27 as 2n=42=21 Ⅱ. Genomic in situ hybridization indicated that a pair of whole-arm translocated Mexico Rye chromosomes were inherited typically in the mitotic and meiosis stages of D27. Experiments using fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) and gliadin electrophoresis showed that D27 lacked wheat 1DS chromosomes. They were replaced by 1RS chromosomes of Mexico Rye, supported by wheat simple-sequence repeat markers, rye sequence characterized amplified region markers, and wheat 40K SNP array analysis.The wheat 1DS chromosomes could not be detected by molecular markers and wheat SNP array, but the presence of rye 1RS chromosomes was confirmed. Agronomic trait assessments indicated that D27 had a higher tiller number and enhanced stripe rust and powdery mildew resistance. In addition, dough properties analysis showed that replacing 1DS led to higher viscosity and lower dough elasticity in D27, which was beneficial for cake making. In conclusion, the novel cytogenetically stable common wheat–Mexico Rye T1DL·1RS translocation line D27 offers excellent potential as outstanding germplasm in wheat breeding programs focusing on disease resistance and yield improvement. Additionally,it can be valuable for researching the rye 1RS chromosome’s genetic diversity.
文摘American society went through some especially speedy and drastic changes, after the World War II. Its transformation into a significant superpower as well as the horrors of the recent conflict is reflected in specific American novels and in the writing of certain elite novelists. They focus on human loss and a consequent search for identity and problematic belonging in a world of prejudice and hostility. This search for identity and aspiration to conformity with the new change is among of the main features of Salinger＇s the Catcher in the Rye, Ellison＇s Invisible Man and Vonnegut＇s Slaughterhouse Five. The paper focuses on certain similarities in theme and form which link these three novels and examines the extent of presentation of the style of narration set in motion by all three writers.
文摘Jerome David Salinger is a famous American novelist. His famous novel The Catcher in the Rye, vividly shows us imagination of a teenage after the Second World War. In this novel, the writer put contradiction between American teenager material life and the lack of spiritual life after the World War II, reflected on the protagonist Holden. In the novel, Amanda Louise Holden hated the adult hypocritical world and he wanted to escape from the reality, but his weakness decided that he finally ended in failure and the collapse of the spirit. Holden is a victim of the era and the tragedy of the times. This paper tries to make a detailed and deep analysis on the tragedy of Holden in the novel
文摘The Catcher in the Rye has been popular with readers since its publication,and critics at home and abroad have also conducted a lot of research on it.But they mainly proceed from the author and the text to evaluate and analyze,ignoring the readers who are essential participants in text interpretation in the eyes of reader-response critics.In order to make up for this shortcoming,this article will take Iser’s reader-response criticism as a research perspective,starting from the three aspects of implied reader,response-inviting structure,and gaps to explore the interaction between the text of The Catcher in the Rye and the readers during the reading process.This research is expected to provide a new interpretation of this novel and provide reference for future research in related fields.
文摘This paper analyzes the E-C translation of the book The Catcher in the Rye from the perspective of Skopos theory,taking Sun Zhongxu's translation work as an example,in which,literature method and case study method are adopted.The paper finds that Sun Zhongxu uses many colloquial expressions to convey the meaning of the source language.His translation strategies,his translation of American slangs,and his choices of words all reflect the three rules of Skopos theory.
