Integration of traditional,complementary,and alternative medicine with modern biomedicine:the scientization,evidence,and challenges for integration of traditional Chinese medicine

Traditional medicine has garnered significant global recognition,with an estimated 80%of the global population using it.Therefore,it is essential to fully understand the integration of traditional medicines into current healthcare systems.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the standard process to modernize traditional medicine scientifically in the context of modern biomedicine,further termed here as“scientization”.Specifically,we aim to summarize the advancements made in understanding the efficacy,effectiveness,and underlying mechanisms of herbal medicine.We also examined the transition from experience-to evidence-based medicine during acupuncture.Furthermore,we explore the development of universal safety and quality control standards.Finally,we discuss international trade and export markets for Chinese medical products.The development and integration of traditional medicine have allowed it to further improve human health,resulting in a more comprehensive health solution for the global population.

Rationale and Pathway for New Industrialization in the Context of Chinese Modernization

The concepts of modernization and industrialization have different connotations that are specific to their historical backgrounds,and their theoretical innovation and development may benefit from China’s experiences.Industrialization is the cornerstone of modernization,and holds the key to its success.China’s experiences in blazing a new trail of industrialization are challenging the traditional Western theory of industrialization and deepening the connotations of Chinese modernization.New industrialization is a key entry point for steering China’s modernization drive and theoretical innovations.This paper offers an overview of the theory of Chinese modernization and its evolving trend along China’s socialist industrialization path,as well as the rationale and pathway for new industrialization in the context of Chinese modernization.As our findings suggest,the new industrialization concept has taken hold in every key aspect of Chinese modernization.When combined with the theory of Chinese modernization,the theoretical implications of new industrialization play a crucial role in propelling Chinese modernization forward along a new journey in the new era.

Viewing Chinese modernization and Its Requirements for Human Rights Protection from the Perspective of Human Development

Modernization,as a specific stage in the historical development of human society,possesses a multi-layered composite structure,with each layer playing both a promoting and inhibiting role in human development and dignity simultaneously.Chinese modernization is a strategic choice made based on lessons learned from various experiences of modernization processes in other countries,reflecting judgments on the benefits and choices on the values of human development and dignity in modernization.It values the promotion of the free and well-rounded development of all individuals as its standard,demanding the full realization of the positive effects of modernization on human development and the overcoming of its negative effects.Human rights,aiming to promote the free and well-rounded development of every person as the ultimate value goal,are not only an intrinsic structural element of the modernization stage but also a social normative tool that restrains the direction of modernization development,aligning closely with the values pursued by Chinese modernization.Chinese modernization poses dual requirements for human rights protection:on the one hand,it demands the affirmation and promotion of the positive effects of modernization on human development and dignity through human rights standards,and on the other hand,it requires the prevention and mitigation of the negative effects of modernization on human development and dignity through human rights standards.There exists a certain tension between these two dimensions,necessitating an appropriate balance and thereby presenting corresponding requirements for China’s approach to human rights protection.

Other Cities’Distribution Institutions for Publishing Books in Modern Chinese Libraries:Taking Huating Bookstore,the Shanghai General Distribution Office of Modern Zhejiang Library,as an Example

Many modern Chinese libraries have established distribution agencies in other cities to distribute books published or sold on consignment.Huating Bookstore,which was once the Shanghai General Distribution Office of Zhejiang Library in modern times,is one of them.On the basis of a brief description of modern Zhejiang Library and its book publishing,as well as the overview of Huating Bookstore,the paper introduces and analyzes the ZPL Publishing Book Catalogue sent by Huating Bookstore,and the ZPL publishing and selling consignment books issued by Huating Bookstore.It points out that Huating Bookstore is a bridge between the ZPL located in Hangzhou and various retail ZPL publishing bookstores in Shanghai.Their production and sales relationship is a mutually beneficial one.

Pioneering a New Realm of Human Rights Civilization in the Chinese Path to Modernization——An Overview of the Symposium on“The Chinese Path to Modernization and the Promotion of Free and Comprehensive Human Development”

On October 14,2023,a symposium themed“The Chinese Path to Modernization and the Promotion of Free and Comprehensive Human Development”was held in Changchun,Jilin Province,China.More than fifty experts,scholars,and researchers from national institutions and universities engaged in discussions and exchanges on human rights on the Chinese path to modernization,including the path,practice,knowledge systems,and civilization forms of human rights.This symposium played a significant role in advancing the construction of the disciplinary system,academic system,and discourse system of human rights in China.

A Case Study of Periodical Terminologies’Mis-translations in History of Chinese Journalism by Ko Kung-chen under Analysis-Synthesis Translation Mode

From the perspective of analysis-synthesis translation mode,this paper discusses the translator’s responsibility and the translator’s role in the translation of historiography,based on the case of Ko Kung-chen’s History of Chinese Journalism.Missionary J.S.Roberts believed that translation is the logical combination of two processes of analysis and synthesis.The analysis process is characterized by understanding,emphasizing accurate understanding and professional analysis of the source text,while the synthesis process focuses on the transformation of language and culture.The two processes are dependent,forming the whole process of translation altogether.As the indisputable subject of translation,the translator should assume his own subjective responsibility in the two processes.The translator should be responsible for the fact and professional academics in the analysis process,and language and culture and translation itself in the synthesis process,playing the role of a reviewer,disseminator and translator to ensure that the translation text would be correct,accurate and professional so as to realize the value of himself and translation.

Analysis of the Teaching of Ancient Chinese History in the Heritage Conservation Technology Major

Ancient Chinese history is an important part of the curriculum of the Heritage Conservation Technology major.Students can better understand the history of cultural relics and improve their humanistic literacy,which will help them in restoring cultural relics.At present,there are numerous challenges in teaching ancient Chinese history in the Heritage Conservation Technology major.These challenges necessitate the development of effective teaching reform strategies.This paper outlines these challenges and explores effective teaching reform strategies to provide a reference for educators.

Comprehensive Rehabilitation Therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Combined with Modern Rehabilitation Training Improves the Spasticity and Motor Function of Hemiplegia after Stroke

Objective:To analyze the impact of comprehensive rehabilitation therapy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)(based on modern rehabilitation training)on the spasticity and motor function in stroke patients with hemiplegia.Methods:Seventy-nine stroke and hemiplegia patients admitted to the hospital from June 2021 to June 2023 were selected and randomly divided into a control group(39 cases)using modern rehabilitation training,and an observation group combined with comprehensive TCM rehabilitation therapy(40 cases),over 1 month.The clinical index data of the two groups were compared.Results:There were differences in the clinical index data between the two groups.The total effective rate after 2 treatment in the observation group(92.50%)was higher than that of the control group(74.36%)(χ^(2)=4.727,P<0.05).All central sensitization inventory(CSI)and stroke quality of life(PRO)scores in both groups were lower after treatment,with the observation group having lower scores as compared to the control group(P<0.05).The scores of FMA(upper limbs,lower limbs),Barthel index scores,and Functional Ambulation Categories(FAC)scores of both groups increased after treatment,with the observation group having higher scores as compared to the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Comprehensive TCM rehabilitation therapy had a significant therapeutic effect on patients with hemiplegia after stroke.It improved the patient’s spasticity,limb movement,and walking function.Their daily living abilities and quality of life were also enhanced.

Chinese Education Modernization:A Case Study on Ideological and Political Theories Teaching in All Courses with Organic Integration of Cultural Literacy and Political Education

Chinese education modernization is integral to Chinese modernization,and is of leading significance to the further advancement of Chinese modernization and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.In this paper,taking ideological and political theories teaching in all courses as an example,an attempt is made to organically integrate cultural literacy and political education under the vision of Chinese education modernization,and“gathers knowledge heritage in the dissemination of value and leads the values in the dissemination of knowledge,”thereby training students into highcaliber talents with good and all-round moral,intellectual,physical,aesthetical,and labor grounding.

The Application of Newmark’s Metaphor Theory in Novel Translation--A Case Study of“the Jade King:History of a Chinese Muslim Family”

This paper examines the metaphorical part of“The Jade King:History of a Chinese Muslim Family”,Hoda’s novel,under the guidance of Newmark’s theory of metaphor.Newmark proposes six categories of metaphors,namely Dead Metaphor,ClichéMetaphor,Stock or Standard Metaphor,Adapted Metaphor,Recent Metaphor,Original Metaphor;and seven strategies of metaphor translation,including reproducing the same image in the target language,replacing the image in the source language with a standard target language image,translation of metaphor by simile,translation of metaphor(or simile)by simile plus sense,conversion of metaphor to sense,deletion and same metaphor combined with sense.They can provide a strong theoretical support for analyzing the expressions of metaphors in novels and their translation methods.By deeply analyzing the expressions of metaphor and its translation methods in novels,it not only helps to understand the metaphorical meaning and cultural connotation of the original works,but also helps to explore the cultural differences and challenges faced by English and Chinese bilingualism in the process of metaphor translation,thereby significantly improving the translation level and promoting the development of translation research.

Research on the Chinese Path to Modernization in History,Key Topics,and Outlook:A Cite Space-based Bibliometric Analysis

In the speech delivered at the centenary celebration of the Communist Party of China(CPC),Xi Jinping,general secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,made important remarks on the“Chinese path to modernization.”This term represents the latest achievement China has scored in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times.It has set the course as China embarks on a new journey of building a strong socialist country with Chinese characteristics and achieving national rejuvenation.Drawing on CiteSpace,we conducted a visualized bibliometric analysis of literature on the Chinese path to modernization by searching the CNKI database using subject terms such as“Chinese modernization,Chinese path to modernization,and Chinese-style modernization.”The findings reveal that:(a)Research on the Chinese path to modernization has gone through three stages:initial establishment,pioneering exploration,and comprehensive in-depth development.(b)Existing literature has covered the four key topics associated with the Chinese path to modernization,namely its essence,goal,methodology,and pioneering achievements.(c)Future research may focus on building up China’s strength in agriculture,developing the digital economy,modernizing China’s system and capacity for governance,and establishing a unique socialist discourse system for Chinese modernization.

The Transmission,Establishment and Cross-cultural Integration of Chinese Medicine in the Mainstream Healthcare,through the Eyes of a Generation of Visionaries and Pioneers

It has historically been very difficult to trace the history of the westward transmission of Chinese medicine through the accounts of its protagonists. Many of the early scholars such as Jack Worsley, Dick Van Buren, and Joe Goodman were reluctant to divulge information about the source of their knowledge, or their professional qualifications. Others, such as John Shen and Hong Yuan-bain were early 20th century immigrants who transmitted highly personalized versions of acupuncture and Chinese medicine to select disciples. Eventually, a new class of scholars appeared, including names such as Ted Kaptchuk, Peter Deadman, Nigel Wiseman, William Morris, Peter Eckman, John Mc Donald, Charles Buck, and the late Giovanni Maciocia who looked for answers back in China, developed translation methodologies and terminology, compiled the main textbooks currently in use at TCM colleges, overcame enormous scholastic adversity, developed courses and pursued the regulation and accreditation of TCM in various countries. This special issue synopsizes the path towards the global acculturation of TCM over the last 50 years, the main protagonists, the enormous accomplishments they have achieved for the profession, their philosophy, their clinical perspectives and visions for the future.

The Practical Enlightenment of Chinese Modernization to the Modernization of Ideological and Political Education in Universities

The report approved on The 20th National Congress of The Communist Party of China (CPC) explained deep meaning of Chinese modernization, which provided practical enlightenment and value guidance for the modernization of ideological and political education in universities. The five distinctive characteristics of Chinese modernization, including “huge population”,“common prosperity for all”, “harmony between material and spiritual civilization”, “harmony between humanity and nature”, “following the path of peaceful development”, guided universities to build a more targeted ideological and political education system. In this way, universities can cultivate more talents for modernization cause.

Globalization and Glocalization in the History of Chinese Medicine

The globalization of Chinese medicine, forged through successive waves of migration, cultural exchanges, and economic imperatives, constitutes a nuanced and intricate process with historical roots extending over millennia. It stands as the culmination of interconnected historical events that reverberated beyond the confines of China, emerging as a phenomenon characterized by the adjustment of Chinese medical theories, clinical practices, and materia medica to indigenous customs and healthcare traditions prevalent in both proximate and distant regions. In these glocalized processes, the global and the local intersect and mix. The frameworks of globalization and glocalization allow a critical interpretation of the many hybridizations that have shaped overseas Chinese medicine's history and present.

The Institutional Framework of Common Prosperity in the Process of Chinese Modernization

The report to the 20th CPC National Congress makes it clear that achieving common prosperity for all is an essential requirement of Chinese modernization,and that China has come to a historical period when concrete measures can be taken to promote common prosperity with a well-researched and effective system.In the new journey of Chinese modernization,we must correctly understand productive forces and production relations,properly handle the relation between efficiency and fairness,and promote common prosperity with sound systems.Therefore,efforts must be made to create an institutional framework of common prosperity that involves three pillars—socialism with Chinese characteristics as the fundamental system,improving the efficiency and vitality of productive forces as the basic system,and preserving fairness and adjusting productive relations and income distribution as the foundational system.To succeed,we must do the following three things.First,we should uphold the system where the Party leads the country,and all our work and the people run the country.Second,we should improve the basic economic system in which public ownership is the mainstay,the high-level socialist market economy,related systems,to promote high-quality economic development,and auxiliary systems to realize common prosperity with the digital economy.Third,we should perfect the institutional arrangements related to primary,secondary,and tertiary income distribution.

The Modernization of Traditional Chinese Opera and a Local Perspective of Local Operas:A Case Study of the Research on the Yisu Art Troupe by Li Youjun and Guo Hongjun

From both historical and artistic points of view,Qinqiang Opera can be considered a significant genre outside the realms of Peking Opera and Kunqu Opera.The research on Qinqiang Opera has long been a focal point in the research on local operas with particular emphasis from a local perspective of the Yisu Art Troupe,a key and hot topic in the studies of Qinqiang Opera.Taking the Yisu Art Troupe as a case study to scrutinize and address the intricacies within the process of modernization of traditional Chinese opera proved to be beneficial.Since the 20th century,studies on the Yisu Art Troupe have evolved from scattered and impressionistic self-narratives into systematic and theoretical academic research.In the new century,scholars,such as Xin Xuefeng,Li Youjun,and Guo Hongjun,have been especially diligent with studies in this field.As Xin Xuefeng is relatively unknown due to his emphasis on traditional opera music,Li Youjun and Guo Hongjun have gradually emerged as important contemporary scholars in the study of the Yisu Art Troupe.Guo and Li not only further theorize the study of the Yisu Art Troupe but also conduct in-depth and meticulous studies on the nature of the Yisu Art Troupe,the establishment of the director-centered mode in Qinqiang Opera,the social function,and the playwriting of the Yisu Art Troupe by examining and reflecting it within the broader context of the modernization of traditional Chinese opera in the 20th century.

On the Beginning and Transformation of Modern Chinese Historiography

After the First Opium War (1840-1842) there were increased academic interests in studying the history and geography of China’s northwestern borderlands,introducing foreign history and geography and writing the modern history of China.Such interests,however,were no more than reflections of the times in history studies and could hardly improve the whole picture of historiography.At the turn of the 20th century,Liang Qichao published “The Introduction to Chinese History” and “The New Historiography”,which marked the emergence of a new trend of thought in historiography and should be deemed the beginning of modern Chinese historiography.Soon after,the “national quintessence school”(guocui xuepai) called for preserving the quintessence of Chinese culture and attempted to bridge Chinese and Western scholarship.Then the “Reorganization of National Heritage”(zhengli guogu) Movement came,urging to re-arrange traditional scholarship.Hu Shih (1891-1962) explicitly put forward the goal of “compiling a history of Chinese culture,” helped dissolve the boundary between modern and traditional historiography and indicated the approach to the transformation from ancient to modern historiography from a perspective of discipline classifications.This “new trend” of Chinese historiography,centering on new materials,new methods and new issues specified the research path for the early stage of modern Chinese historiography.

On Chinese Civilization Being the Only Continued Civilization in the Viewpoint of the Modern National History Construction

Chinese civilization is the only ancient civilization thriving to this day seems to be a common view in the historical academia and Chinese society as well. Culture is a way that human beings actively adapt to the surroundings and keep consistence with environmental change. All cultures created by human beings are changing, so is the Chinese culture. The physical and cultural evolution presented by the archaeological discoveries and related historical researches show that Chinese culture is multi-sourced and multicultural. This is the secret for the Chinese culture to retain its vitality. The reasons that Chinese civilization is the only civilization thriving to this day among all of ancient civilizations in the world include the ancestral worship, the identity to common ancestors, traditions of writing pedigrees and history books, the longhistory Chinese character system and the creative thinking and cultural methods of interpreting new thoughts by using traditional Chinese thinking and cultural structures. Especially in modern times, impacted by the nationalism trend, the national state narration built for meeting the requirement of the national state"historical memory"left us the strong impression of Chinese civilization being the only continued civilization and fostered the affective identification with the common history.

Chinese Grouse (Bonasa sewerzowi):its natural history,behavior and conservation

The Chinese Grouse (Bonasa sewerzowi) is a bird endemic to China,inhabiting the conifer-dominated high mountains.It occurs in the most southern range of grouse and is the smallest grouse species in the world.The Chinese Grouse has been listed as an endangered species by the China Red Data Book and placed in Category I of nationally protected animals.Since 1995,we have systematically conducted work on the Chinese Grouse using radiotelemetry techniques at the Lianhuashan Nature Reserve in Gansu Province,western China.In this presentation we summarize the mating behavior,nest site selection,incubation rhythm,winter social behavior,diet and other natural history characteristics of this species.With the aid of landscape ecological methods,we also analyze the condition of habitat fragmentation and propose suggestions for conservation.

Enlightenment on the Construction of Modern Urban Plazas from Classical Chinese Gardens

Researches on modern urban plazas in China were reviewed,phenomena caused by the shortage of proper theoretical guidance such as blind imitation and fixed forms of urban plazas were pointed out,and it was emphasized that researches on urban plazas with Chinese characteristics should be enhanced.By analyzing features of traditional western plazas and classical Chinese gardens,this study proposed that by combining with their practical functions the construction of modern urban plazas in China should maintain traditional concepts and aesthetic characteristics of Chinese people on the basis of satisfying demands of the public to the best.The enlightenment on the construction of modern urban plazas from classical Chinese gardens was particularly analyzed,the application of garden aesthetics,components,and landscaping methods of classical Chinese gardens were highlighted,and moreover,it was put forward that the relationship between human and human,human and society,human and nature implied in classical Chinese gardens would surely bring profound inspiration to urban plazas.