Assessing the range of blasting-induced cracks in the surrounding rock of deeply buried tunnels based on the unified strength theory

Blasting-induced cracks in the rock surrounding deeply buried tunnels can result in water gushing and rock mass collapse,posing significant safety risks.However,previous theoretical studies on the range of blasting-induced cracks often ignore the impact of the in-situ stress,especially that of the intermediate principal stress.The particle displacement−crack radius relationship was established in this paper by utilizing the blasthole cavity expansion equation,and theoretical analytical formulas of the stress−displacement relationship and the crack radius were derived with unified strength theory to accurately assess the range of cracks in deep surrounding rock under a blasting load.Parameter analysis showed that the crushing zone size was positively correlated with in-situ stress,intermediate principal stress,and detonation pressure,whereas negatively correlated with Poisson ratio and decoupling coefficient.The dilatancy angle-crushing zone size relationship exhibited nonmonotonic behavior.The relationships in the crushing zone and the fracture zone exhibited opposite trends under the influence of only in-situ stress or intermediate principal stress.As the in-situ stress increased from 0 to 70 MPa,the rate of change in the crack range and the attenuation rate of the peak vibration velocity gradually slowed.

A Unified Variational Principle of Fluid Mechanics and Application on Solitary Subdomain or Point

-According to basic equations of fluid mechanics, this paper presents a unified variational principle of fluid mechanics (UVPFM) by using the optimization method of weighted residuals (OMWR). The advantages are as follows, the establishment of the functional and the variational principle is easy, it can change various problems of fluid mechanics derived by basic equations into a unified optimization problem, and the solution is the optimum one in some sense. According to the OMWR for the solitary subdomain, this paper uses UVPFM onto any solitary subdomain and gives the solution of the hydrodynamics equation which is suitable only for that solitary subdomain. According to the OMWR for solitary point, this paper uses UVPFM to any solitary point and gives the solution of the hydrodynamics equation (point solution) which is suitable only for that solitary point. As the solution for the solitary subdomain or solitary point is developed independently, the compatibility with other subdomain or other points, does not need to be considered, but all the boundary conditions and the supplementary derived residual equations obtained by running the derivative operations to the differential equation should be taken into account.

APPLICATION OF SIMILARITY PRINCIPLE TO STRATIFICATION THEORY STUDY IN GRAVITY CONCENTRATION

The stratification processes have been studied by the application of the similarity principle, and the similarity criteria has also been derived.Two possible π-equations were deduced from the experimental results.The approach of the π-equation to predict separating results and to control the separating processes is presented with examples.

First-principles investigation of the concentration effect on equilibrium fractionation of Ca isotopes in forsterite

Previous theoretical studies have found that the concentration variations within a certain range have a prominent effect on inter-mineral equilibrium isotope fractionation(10^3 lna).Based on the density functional theory,we investigated how the average Ca–O bond length and the reduced partition function ratios(10^3 lnb)and103lna of 44 Ca/40 Ca in forsterite(Fo)are affected by its Ca concentration.Our results show that Ca–O bond length in forsterite ranges from 2.327 to 2.267 A with the Ca/(Ca+Mg)varying between a narrow range limited by an upper limit of 1/8 and a lower limit of 1/64.However,outside this narrow range,i.e.,Ca/(Ca+Mg)is lower than1/64 or higher than 1/8,Ca–O bond length becomes insensitive to Ca concentration and maintains to be a constant.Because the 10^3 lnb is negatively correlated with Ca–O bond length,the 10^3lnb significantly increases with decreasing Ca/(Ca+Mg)when 1/64<Ca/(Ca+Mg)<2/16.As a consequence,the 10^3lna between forsterite and other minerals also strongly depend on the Ca content in forsterite.Combining previous studies with our results,the heavier Ca isotopes enrichment sequence in minerals is:forsterite[orthopyroxene[clinopyroxene[calcite & diopside[dolomite[aragonite.Olivineand pyroxenes are enriched in heavier Ca isotope compared to carbonates.The 10^3lna between forsterite with a Ca/(Ca+Mg)of 1/64 and clinopyroxene(Ca/Mg=1/1,i.e.,diopside)is up to^0.64%at 1200 K.The large 103lnaFodiopsiderelative to the current analytical precision for Ca isotope measurements suggests that the dependence of10^3 lnaFo-diopsideon temperature can be used as a thermometer,similar to the one based on the 103lna of 44 Ca/40 Ca between orthopyroxene and diopside.These two Ca isotope thermometers both have a precision approximate to that of elemental thermometers and provide independent constraints on temperature.

Wind-Driven Slanting Profile Wave Derived from the Unified Variational Principle of Water Gravity Wave

Considering that at present the regular waves in common use have the profile symmetrized to a vertical axis, which are different from actual wind-driven sea waves, and based on deriving linear wave, solitary wave, fifth order Stokes wave and stream function wave by using Unified Variational Principle of Water Gravity Wave (UVPWGW), this paper derives wind-driven slanting profile wave by using UVPWGW. Its feature is that under the action of wind pressure, the wave profile is not symmetrized to a vertical axis, but that it is in the forward slanting form.

Stream Function Wave Derived by Unified Variational Principle of Water Gravity Wave

Based on the linear wave, solitary wave and fifth order stokes wave derived by use of the Unified Variational Principle of Water Gravity Wave (UVPWGW), this paper derives stream function wave theory by using UVPWGW. This paper will handle the Kinematic Free Surface Boundary Condition (KFSBC) and Dynamic Free Surface Boundary Condition (DFSBC) directly and give the optimum solution, instead of the conditions Sigma(Q(av) - Q(i))(2) = min, and the related equations of stational condition. When the wave height H, period T and water depth D are given, the original stream function wave will be determined, and can not be adjusted if it does not agree with the real case; in the present method, the adjustment can be done by adding several constraint conditions, for example, the wave profile can be adjusted according to the condition of accurate peak position. The examples given in this paper show that for the original stream function wave, the DFSBC can be fairly well satisfied, but the KFSBC can not; however, the stream function wave derived by UVPWGW is better than the original one in the sense of minimum error squares in the aspect of the level at which KFSBC and DFSBC are satisfied.

Ultimate end bearing capacity of rock-socketed pile based on generalized nonlinear unified strength criterion

In order to study the mechanism of bearing behavior at the tip of a pile embedded in rock, the generalized nonlinear unified strength criterion and slip line principle for resolving the differential equation systems which govern the stress field were applied to derive the ultimate end beating capacity based on some reasonable hypothesis and failure plane model. Both numerical simulation and test results were compared with the theoretic solution. The results show good consistency with each other and verify the validity of the present approach. The depth effect with respective to embedment ratio and other influence factors like geological strength index, intermediate principal stress, overburden factor, and damage on end bearing capacity were discussed in the analytical solution. The results show that the proposed yield criterion can be much better for investigating the ultimate end bearing performance of rock-socketed pile. The end bearing capacity increases with embedment ratio and the increasing degree is influenced intensely by the above parameters. Furthermore, ignoring intermediate stress effect would underestimate the strength properties of the rock material and lead to a very conservative estimation value.

ON THE CONCENTRATION PROPERTIES FOR THE NONLINEAR SCHRDINGER EQUATION WITH A STARK POTENTIAL

In this paper, we study blow-up solutions of the Cauchy problem to the L2 critical nonlinear Schrdinger equation with a Stark potential. Using the variational characterization of the ground state for nonlinear Schrdinger equation without any potential, we obtain some concentration properties of blow-up solutions, including that the origin is the blow-up point of the radial blow-up solutions, the phenomenon of L2-concentration and rate of L2-concentration of blow-up solutions.

A New Version of Unified Field Theory—Stochastic Quantum Space Theory on Particle Physics and Cosmology

Stochastic Quantum Space (SQS) theory is a new version of unified field theory based on three fundamental postulations: Gaussian Probability Postulation, Prime Numbers Postulation, Vacuon Postulation. It build a framework with theoretical results agree with many experimental data well. For more information, please refer to the PDF.

Application of annexation principle to the study of thermodynamic properties of Ag-Bi-In metallic melts

Based on the measured activities, the phase diagrams and the annexation principle, the calculating models of mass action concentrations for Ag-Bi and Ag-Bi-In melts have been formulated. The calculated results agree with practice and obey the mass action law, showing that the models formulated can reflect the structural characteristics of both melts. Meanwhile, it confirms that annexation principle is applicable to the Ag-Bi-In metallic melts. The melts involving eulectic which give rise to phase separation, and in which activities exhibit positive deviation from Raoult's law is the basic cause of melts transforming from homogeneous to heterogeneous ones.

Application of annexation principle of thermodynamic property of In-Pb-Sb and In-Bi-Pb melts

Based on the principle of annexation and phase diagrams, the structural units of In Pb Sb and In Bi Pb melts were determined, and their calculating models of mass action concentrations were formulated. Calculated results agree well with practical values, which in turn show that the models deduced can reflect the structural realities of corresponding melts and the principle of annexation is applicable not only to some binary metallic melts, but also to ternary metallic melts.

Application of annexation principle to the study of thermodynamic properties of Ag-Bi-In metallic melts

Based on the measured activities,the phase diagrams and the annexation principle,the calculating models of mass action concentrations for Ag-Bi and Ag-Bi-In melts have been formulated.The calculated results agree with practice and obey the mass action law,showing that the models formulated can reflect the structural characteristics of both melts.Meanwhile,it confirms that annexation principle is applicable to the Ag-Bi-In metallic melts.The melts involving eutectic which give rise to phase separation,and in which activcities exhibit positive deviation from Raoult's law is the basic cause of melts transforming from homogeneous to heterogeneous ones.

基于磁各向异性的管壁应力集中区域检测方法

针对应力集中导致管壁发生屈服失效的问题,提出了利用磁各向异性检测管壁应力集中区域的方法。从能量角度出发,研究了应力导致管壁产生磁各向异性的机理,建立了管壁当量应力与磁各向异性探头输出电压信号的数学模型,通过计算管壁的当量应力判断其是否发生屈服失效,搭建了应力检测实验平台。实验结果表明,应力会导致管壁产生磁各向异性,磁各向异性检测方法能够检测出管壁当量应力的变化趋势和主应力方向所在延长线的角度,进而判断管壁是否产生应力集中区域。

新工科背景下GIS原理课课带实验与理论互促互进教学探讨

测绘工程专业GIS原理课程的课带实验教学和理论知识教学是有机统一的整体,该文针对目前教学忽视二者互促互进性和统一性,难以符合新工科建设要求的问题,探索改变现有“老师演示,学生模仿”的实验教学与重知识、轻能力、知识向实践能力转化效率低的理论教学模式,形成“老师引导,学生思考与探索”的实验教学和理论联系生产实际,知识、能力、实践一体化与项目化的理论教学模式。实现课带实验反哺理论,并内化为知识,理论知识指导实验教学,并转化为实践能力,最终完成GIS原理课程理论与实验教学的有机统一与深度融合。

犯罪定量要素与刑法立法模式调整

在中国刑法犯罪定义中,定量要素是区分行政违法与刑事违法的关键标准,也是构建统一刑法典模式的重要基础和必要前提。这种立法模式有利有弊,其最大弊端是减损了刑法规范的明确性。特别是在自然犯的犯罪定义中,定量要素的界定存在一定程度的模糊性,这成为混淆罪与非罪界限的重要立法因素。为了解决定量要素减损刑法规范明确性的问题,应当以立法方式规范司法定量,并推动刑法立法模式从统一刑法的模式向多元立法模式的转型。

Deflection and stress of hollow CRCP slab under concentrated vehicle load

Based on the equivalence principle of deflection and stress, the concentrated vehicle load which acts on the center of continuously reinforced concrete pavement （CRCP） is translated into the equivalent half-wave sine load by the Fourier transform. On the basis of this transform and the small deflection theory of elastic thin plates, the deflection and stress formulae of CRCP under the concentrated vehicle load with a hollow foundation are put forward. The sensitivity of parameters is analyzed. The results show that maximum deflection is directly proportional to the concentrated vehicle load and the slab width, and inversely proportional to the lateral bending stiffness and slab thickness. The effects of slab width and thickness are significant with regard to maximum deflection. Maximum stress is directly proportional to the concentrated vehicle load and the slab width as well as inversely proportional to slab thickness. The effect of slab thickness is significant with regard to maximum stress. According to the calculation results, the most effective measure to reduce maximum deflection and stress is to increase slab thickness.

螺旋溜槽分选技术发展现状和展望

螺旋溜槽分选是利用流膜重力和斜面流分选的重选方法,具有处理量大、能耗低、无污染、分选效率高、分选范围广等优点,在矿物加工领域应用广泛。本文深入阐述了螺旋溜槽在其发展历程中所解决的关键技术问题、不同型号螺旋溜槽的特点及其存在的主要问题。同时,还系统梳理了关于螺旋溜槽流膜运动状态、颗粒运动轨迹及槽面优化设计的最新研究动态。最后,对当前螺旋溜槽分选技术的应用状况进行了全面总结,并对该技术的发展趋势进行了展望。本文内容可为螺旋溜槽分选技术的发展提供参考。

细胞外囊泡表征检测方法的对比

细胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles,EVs)是细胞主动分泌的具有磷脂双分子层结构的囊泡,天然携带母细胞来源的各种内容物,保留母细胞的生物学特征,可以反映其分泌时的母细胞状态。为了解EVs的生物发生及其在机体内的生物学功能,科学家们做了许多尝试,但直接检测EVs有一定的困难,目前的检测技术通常以EVs内容物作为检测对象,实现间接表征的目的。通过分析体液中的EVs,可以实现疾病诊断的目的,对EVs进行详细表征可以推动精准医学的发展。EVs属于内源性物质,可作为递送药物的载体,具有增加药效、降低药物毒理作用和辅助药物通过生物屏障的优势。目前,作为药物或者递送药物的载体应用尚存在的问题,包括(1)EVs内容物的表征,以便使用更明确定义的EVs;(2)开发适合的检测方法来监测体内的EVs,以确定和优化EVs的剂量、给药途径及潜在毒性;(3)确定EVs膜组成的种类及数量。EVs直径为纳米级别,内容物含量少,但临床应用价值大。应用中选择合适的分析技术将能够对EVs类型进行全面表征,并进一步推进对EVs生物学的理解,开发基于EVs的新型诊断和治疗方法,促进其临床转化。本综述介绍了EVs研究中分析技术的原理、应用及优缺点,重点是EVs和EVs中蛋白质的表征检测技术。

基于择优掺杂取向研究Y掺杂量对ZnTe电子结构和吸收光谱的影响

Zn Te由于其特有的禁带宽度,光学性质以及可重掺杂等特性,使得众多学者对其进行了系列的相关研究,但关于Y掺杂浓度和掺杂方式对Zn Te性质的影响却鲜有报道.作者采用密度泛函理论框架下的广义梯度近似方法,分别计算了Y在掺杂浓度为1.56at%、3.12at%、4.69at%下Zn Te的几何结构、能带结构、态密度分布、吸收光谱等性质,以及不同掺杂方式对体系的影响.结果表明:在掺杂浓度为3.12at%,掺杂方式不相同时,掺杂原子沿[111]晶向排布的形成能最低,即[111]晶向为择优晶向.当掺杂浓度为4.69at%时,择优晶面为(111)面.若要实现更高浓度的Y掺杂,沿(111)晶面掺杂更容易实现.对于实验而言,更高浓度的Y掺杂,掺杂原子在Zn Te体系中更容易沿(111)晶面进行集中排列. Y掺杂Zn Te后,体系的禁带宽度变大,吸收光谱发生蓝移,对可见光的吸收强度减小.在浓度为3.12at%时禁带宽度最大,蓝移现象最明显,吸收强度最小. Y掺杂后体系变为n型半导体,可以使用这种掺杂方式制作P-N结二极管.

高校教学实验室集中统一管理研究

高校教学实验室是学生巩固基础、拓宽知识、提高能力、增强素质的重要场所。为提升实验室管理水平,整合分散建设、分散管理的实验室和教学资源,华中科技大学能源学院建立了面向多专业的实验教学中心。结合实验中心在发展中存在的专业实验场所分散、规章制度陈旧和实验人员岗位职责不明的问题进行了总结和探索,从教学实验室的环境条件建设、规章制度建设和师资队伍建设等方面进行了一系列改革和优化,实现了教学实验室的集中统一管理,保证了实验教学的顺利进行,确保了教学实验室真正发挥应有的作用。