DCFNet:An Effective Dual-Branch Cross-Attention Fusion Network for Medical Image Segmentation

Automatic segmentation of medical images provides a reliable scientific basis for disease diagnosis and analysis.Notably,most existing methods that combine the strengths of convolutional neural networks(CNNs)and Transformers have made significant progress.However,there are some limitations in the current integration of CNN and Transformer technology in two key aspects.Firstly,most methods either overlook or fail to fully incorporate the complementary nature between local and global features.Secondly,the significance of integrating the multiscale encoder features from the dual-branch network to enhance the decoding features is often disregarded in methods that combine CNN and Transformer.To address this issue,we present a groundbreaking dual-branch cross-attention fusion network(DCFNet),which efficiently combines the power of Swin Transformer and CNN to generate complementary global and local features.We then designed the Feature Cross-Fusion(FCF)module to efficiently fuse local and global features.In the FCF,the utilization of the Channel-wise Cross-fusion Transformer(CCT)serves the purpose of aggregatingmulti-scale features,and the Feature FusionModule(FFM)is employed to effectively aggregate dual-branch prominent feature regions from the spatial perspective.Furthermore,within the decoding phase of the dual-branch network,our proposed Channel Attention Block(CAB)aims to emphasize the significance of the channel features between the up-sampled features and the features generated by the FCFmodule to enhance the details of the decoding.Experimental results demonstrate that DCFNet exhibits enhanced accuracy in segmentation performance.Compared to other state-of-the-art(SOTA)methods,our segmentation framework exhibits a superior level of competitiveness.DCFNet’s accurate segmentation of medical images can greatly assist medical professionals in making crucial diagnoses of lesion areas in advance.

U-Net Based Dual-Pooling Segmentation of Bone Metastases in Thoracic SPECT Bone Scintigrams

In order to enhance the performance of the CNN-based segmentation models for bone metastases, this study proposes a segmentation method that integrates dual-pooling, DAC, and RMP modules. The network consists of distinct feature encoding and decoding stages, with dual-pooling modules employed in encoding stages to maintain the background information needed for bone scintigrams diagnosis. Both the DAC and RMP modules are utilized in the bottleneck layer to address the multi-scale problem of metastatic lesions. Experimental evaluations on 306 clinical SPECT data have demonstrated that the proposed method showcases a substantial improvement in both DSC and Recall scores by 3.28% and 6.55% compared the baseline. Exhaustive case studies illustrate the superiority of the methodology.

Defocus Blur Segmentation Using Local Binary Patterns with Adaptive Threshold

Enormousmethods have been proposed for the detection and segmentation of blur and non-blur regions of the images.Due to the limited available information about blur type,scenario and the level of blurriness,detection and segmentation is a challenging task.Hence,the performance of the blur measure operator is an essential factor and needs improvement to attain perfection.In this paper,we propose an effective blur measure based on local binary pattern(LBP)with adaptive threshold for blur detection.The sharpness metric developed based on LBP used a fixed threshold irrespective of the type and level of blur,that may not be suitable for images with variations in imaging conditions,blur amount and type.Contrarily,the proposed measure uses an adaptive threshold for each input image based on the image and blur properties to generate improved sharpness metric.The adaptive threshold is computed based on the model learned through support vector machine(SVM).The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using two different datasets and is compared with five state-of-the-art methods.Comparative analysis reveals that the proposed method performs significantly better qualitatively and quantitatively against all of the compared methods.

Functional Pattern-Related Anomaly Detection Approach Collaborating Binary Segmentation with Finite State Machine

The process control-oriented threat,which can exploit OT(Operational Technology)vulnerabilities to forcibly insert abnormal control commands or status information,has become one of the most devastating cyber attacks in industrial automation control.To effectively detect this threat,this paper proposes one functional pattern-related anomaly detection approach,which skillfully collaborates the BinSeg(Binary Segmentation)algorithm with FSM(Finite State Machine)to identify anomalies between measuring data and control data.By detecting the change points of measuring data,the BinSeg algorithm is introduced to generate some initial sequence segments,which can be further classified and merged into different functional patterns due to their backward difference means and lengths.After analyzing the pattern association according to the Bayesian network,one functional state transition model based on FSM,which accurately describes the whole control and monitoring process,is constructed as one feasible detection engine.Finally,we use the typical SWaT(Secure Water Treatment)dataset to evaluate the proposed approach,and the experimental results show that:for one thing,compared with other change-point detection approaches,the BinSeg algorithm can be more suitable for the optimal sequence segmentation of measuring data due to its highest detection accuracy and least consuming time;for another,the proposed approach exhibits relatively excellent detection ability,because the average detection precision,recall rate and F1-score to identify 10 different attacks can reach 0.872,0.982 and 0.896,respectively.

Automatic image segmentation method for cotton leaves with disease under natural environment

In order to improve the image segmentation performance of cotton leaves in natural environment, an automatic segmentation model of diseased leaf with active gradient and local information is proposed. Firstly, a segmented monotone decreasing edge composite function is proposed to accelerate the evolution of the level set curve in the gradient smooth region. Secondly, canny edge detection operator gradient is introduced into the model as the global information. In the process of the evolution of the level set function, the guidance information of the energy function is used to guide the curve evolution according to the local information of the image, and the smooth contour curve is obtained. And the main direction of the evolution of the level set curve is controlled according to the global gradient information, which effectively overcomes the local minima in the process of the evolution of the level set function. Finally, the Heaviside function is introduced into the energy function to smooth the contours of the motion and to increase the penalty function Φ(x) to calibrate the deviation of the level set function so that the level set is smooth and closed. The results showed that the model of cotton leaf edge profile curve could be obtained in the model of cotton leaf covered by bare soil, straw mulching and plastic film mulching, and the ideal edge of the ROI could be realized when the light was not uniform. In the complex background, the model can segment the leaves of the cotton with uneven illumination, shadow and weed background, and it is better to realize the ideal extraction of the edge of the blade. Compared with the Geodesic Active Contour(GAC) algorithm, Chan-Vese(C-V) algorithm and Local Binary Fitting(LBF) algorithm, it is found that the model has the advantages of segmentation accuracy and running time when processing seven kinds of cotton disease leaves images, including uneven lighting, leaf disease spot blur, adhesive diseased leaf, shadow, complex background, unclear diseased leaf edges, and staggered condition. This model can not only conduct image segmentation of cotton leaves under natural conditions, but also provide technical support for the accurate identification and diagnosis of cotton diseases.

Enhanced Feature Fusion Segmentation for Tumor Detection Using Intelligent Techniques

In thefield of diagnosis of medical images the challenge lies in tracking and identifying the defective cells and the extent of the defective region within the complex structure of a brain cavity.Locating the defective cells precisely during the diagnosis phase helps tofight the greatest exterminator of mankind.Early detec-tion of these defective cells requires an accurate computer-aided diagnostic system(CAD)that supports early treatment and promotes survival rates of patients.An ear-lier version of CAD systems relies greatly on the expertise of radiologist and it con-sumed more time to identify the defective region.The manuscript takes the efficacy of coalescing features like intensity,shape,and texture of the magnetic resonance image(MRI).In the Enhanced Feature Fusion Segmentation based classification method(EEFS)the image is enhanced and segmented to extract the prominent fea-tures.To bring out the desired effect the EEFS method uses Enhanced Local Binary Pattern(EnLBP),Partisan Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix Histogram of Oriented Gradients(PGLCMHOG),and iGrab cut method to segment image.These prominent features along with deep features are coalesced to provide a single-dimensional fea-ture vector that is effectively used for prediction.The coalesced vector is used with the existing classifiers to compare the results of these classifiers with that of the gen-erated vector.The generated vector provides promising results with commendably less computatio nal time for pre-processing and classification of MR medical images.

A variational formulation for physical noised image segmentation

Image segmentation is a hot topic in image science. In this paper we present a new variational segmentation model based on the theory of Mumford-Shah model. The aim of our model is to divide noised image, according to a certain criterion, into homogeneous and smooth regions that should correspond to structural units in the scene or objects of interest. The proposed region-based model uses total variation as a regularization term, and different fidelity term can be used for image segmentation in the cases of physical noise, such as Gaussian, Poisson and multiplicative speckle noise. Our model consists of five weighted terms, two of them are responsible for image denoising based on fidelity term and total variation term, the others assure that the three conditions of adherence to the data, smoothing, and discontinuity detection are met at once. We also develop a primal-dual hybrid gradient algorithm for our model. Numerical results on various synthetic and real images are provided to compare our method with others, these results show that our proposed model and algorithms are effective.

Dual encoding feature filtering generalized attention UNET for retinal vessel segmentation

Retinal blood vessel segmentation is crucial for diagnosing ocular and cardiovascular diseases.Although the introduction of U-Net in 2015 by Olaf Ronneberger significantly advanced this field,yet issues like limited training data,imbalance data distribution,and inadequate feature extraction persist,hindering both the segmentation performance and optimal model generalization.Addressing these critical issues,the DEFFA-Unet is proposed featuring an additional encoder to process domain-invariant pre-processed inputs,thereby improving both richer feature encoding and enhanced model generalization.A feature filtering fusion module is developed to ensure the precise feature filtering and robust hybrid feature fusion.In response to the task-specific need for higher precision where false positives are very costly,traditional skip connections are replaced with the attention-guided feature reconstructing fusion module.Additionally,innovative data augmentation and balancing methods are proposed to counter data scarcity and distribution imbalance,further boosting the robustness and generalization of the model.With a comprehensive suite of evaluation metrics,extensive validations on four benchmark datasets(DRIVE,CHASEDB1,STARE,and HRF)and an SLO dataset(IOSTAR),demonstrate the proposed method’s superiority over both baseline and state-of-the-art models.Particularly the proposed method significantly outperforms the compared methods in cross-validation model generalization.

GPS BINARY数据向RINEX数据转换方法

将GPS接收机接收到的二进制原始数据流转换成十进制数据,可以用于实时导航定位或者进行标准RINEX格式用于后处理及验证。针对Hemisphere GPS接收机二进制格式数据,进行了程序设计,定义了位段结构体,并结合位运算程序实现二进制数据到十进制数据或标准的RINEX文件数据实时转换,并给出了程序实现中设计的类与相应的结构体。最后结合实例分析验证了该方法的可靠性。

钠离子电池层状氧化物正极材料的表界面修饰改性及其产气抑制效应

基于原子层沉积技术(ALD)制备TiO_(2)论文和Al_(2)O_(3)纳米层并结合高温热处理优化工艺,研究了异质氧化物双层表面包覆和晶格内双阳离子梯度掺杂的2种表界面修饰法对NaNi_(1/3)Fe_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_(2)(NFM)正极材料电化学储钠性能和热稳定性的提升作用,以及其产气抑制效应。结果表明,在2.0~4.0V(vsNa/Na+)工作电压和1C(120mA·g^(-1))电流密度下,当容量达到第2次循环容量的60%时,经表面包覆的NFM@TiO2(10)@Al2O3(10)和表层晶格掺杂的NFM#Ti(35)#Al(10)正极材料(括号中数字对应ALD沉积的次数)分别能够循环319和358次,显著优于未修饰NFM材料(250次),同时通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)测得的热失控温度分别提升了6.1和9.7℃。原位差分电化学质谱(DEMS)测试表明,表面包覆显著抑制了H2等主要气体成分的形成,而晶格掺杂避免了电解液的二次分解,这可能是由于电解液质子化和高电压下氧化分解等有害副反应的减少。

STUDY OF MATCHING PROBLEM IN DUAL ENERGY SUBSTRACTION

After discussing the principle of dual energy substraction,this paper dealswith the matching problem in dual energy substraction in detail.In order to obtain bettermatching feature of images,the probability enhancement is used to process the originalimages.Several matching methods are presented,among these methods,the segment chos-en matching is specially useful for applications.Several experimental results are presented.

双通道特征融合的真实场景点云语义分割方法

真实场景点云不仅具有点云的空间几何信息,还具有三维物体的颜色信息,现有的网络无法有效利用真实场景的局部特征以及空间几何特征信息,因此提出了一种双通道特征融合的真实场景点云语义分割方法DCFNet(dual-channel feature fusion of real scene for point cloud semantic segmentation)可用于不同场景下的室内外场景语义分割。更具体地说,为了解决不能充分提取真实场景点云颜色信息的问题,该方法采用上下两个输入通道,通道均采用相同的特征提取网络结构,其中上通道的输入是完整RGB颜色和点云坐标信息,该通道主要关注于复杂物体对象场景特征,下通道仅输入点云坐标信息,该通道主要关注于点云的空间几何特征;在每个通道中为了更好地提取局部与全局信息,改善网络性能,引入了层间融合模块和Transformer通道特征扩充模块;同时,针对现有的三维点云语义分割方法缺乏关注局部特征与全局特征的联系,导致对复杂场景的分割效果不佳的问题,对上下两个通道所提取的特征通过DCFFS(dual-channel feature fusion segmentation)模块进行融合,并对真实场景进行语义分割。对室内复杂场景和大规模室内外场景点云分割基准进行了实验,实验结果表明,提出的DCFNet分割方法在S3DIS Area5室内场景数据集以及STPLS3D室外场景数据集上,平均交并比(MIOU)分别达到71.18%和48.87%,平均准确率(MACC)和整体准确率(OACC)分别达到77.01%与86.91%,实现了真实场景的高精度点云语义分割。

DFNet:高效的无解码语义分割方法

针对编解码语义分割网络计算量大、解码结构复杂的问题,提出一种高效无解码的二值语义分割模型DFNet。该模型首先去除主流分割网络中复杂的解码结构和跳跃连接,采用卷积重塑上采样方法重塑特征编码直接得到分割结果,简化网络模型结构;其次在编码器中融合轻量双重注意力机制EC&SA,提高特征编码的通道及空间信息交互,增强网络的编码能力;最后使用PolyCE损失替代常规分割损失,解决正负样本不均衡问题,提高模型的分割精度。在Deep‑Globe道路分割和CrackForest缺陷检测等二值分割数据集上的实验结果表明,本文模型的分割精度F1均值和IoU均值分别达到84.69%和73.95%,且分割速度高达94 FPS,远超主流语义分割模型,极大地提高了分割任务效率。

基于特征掩膜的局部遮挡牛脸识别方法

随着智慧牧业的高速发展,牛脸识别已成为牛场智能化养殖的关键,但现实应用场景中牛脸遮挡问题较为严重,影响识别系统的性能。为此,提出一种遮挡物分割辅助牛脸识别的全新双分支网络结构。首先设计一种改进的轻量级U-Net遮挡物分割模型,通过加入深度可分离卷积和多尺度混合池化模块,有效提高分割网络对遮挡物的分割性能。为更好地衰减遮挡物对牛脸识别性能的影响,引入一种多级掩膜生成单元。以不同层级的遮挡分割为输入,构建识别网络不同阶段所对应的掩膜,通过掩膜运算在特征提取的各阶段有效消除遮挡造成的损坏特征信息。最后在自制数据集上进行算法有效性和实时性验证,并与多种最新的典型识别算法进行对比。实验结果表明,本文算法在遮挡牛脸数据集上平均准确率达86.34%,识别速度为54 f/s,且在不同程度遮挡的场景下,识别效果均优于FaceNet网络。

基于细节增强的双分支实时语义分割网络

实时语义分割方法常利用双分支结构分别保存图像的浅层空间信息和深层语义信息。然而,当前基于双分支结构的实时语义分割方法重点研究语义特征的挖掘,忽略了空间特征的保持,导致网络无法精准地捕捉图像内物体的边界和纹理等细节特征,最终分割效果欠佳。针对以上问题,提出基于细节增强的双分支实时语义分割网络(DEDBNet),多阶段增强空间细节信息。首先,提出细节增强双向交互(DEBIM)模块,在分支间的交互阶段使用轻量空间注意力机制增强高分辨率特征图对细节信息的表达能力,促进空间细节特征在高低两分支上的流动,以加强网络对细节信息的学习能力;其次,设计局部细节注意力特征融合模块(LDAFF),在两分支末端特征融合的过程中同时建模全局语义信息和局部空间信息,解决不同层次特征图之间细节不连续的问题;此外,引入边界损失,在不影响模型速度的情况下引导网络浅层学习物体边界信息。所提网络在Cityscapes验证集上以92.3 frame/s的帧速率(FPS)获得78.2%的平均交并比(mIoU),在CamVid测试集上以202.8 frame/s获得79.2%的mIoU;与深度双分辨率网络(DDRNet-23-slim)相比,mIoU分别提高了1.1和4.5个百分点。实验结果表明,DEDBNet能够准确地分割场景图像,且满足实时性要求。

拉普拉斯卷积的双路径特征融合遥感图像智能解译方法

由于遥感图像存在多尺度变化和目标边缘模糊等问题,对其进行智能解译仍然是一项极具挑战性的工作。传统的语义分割方法在处理这些问题时存在局限性,难以有效捕捉全局和局部信息。针对上述问题,文中提出一种双路径特征融合分割方法 DFNet。首先,使用Swin Transformer作为主干提取全局语义特征,以处理像素之间的长距离依赖关系,从而促进对图像中不同区域相关性的理解;其次,将拉普拉斯卷积嵌入到空间分支,以捕获局部细节信息,加强目标地物边缘信息表达;最后,引入多尺度双向特征融合模块,充分利用图像中的全局和局部信息,以增强多尺度信息的获取能力。在实验中,使用了三个公开的高分辨率遥感图像数据集进行验证,并通过消融实验验证了所提模型不同模块的作用。实验结果表明,所提方法在Uavid数据集、Potsdam数据集、LoveDA数据集的mIoU达到了71.32%、85.58%、54.01%,提高了语义分割的性能,使分割结果更为精细。

采用级联策略融合边界特征的多尺度息肉分割网络

结直肠息肉分割能有效辅助医生筛查大肠腺瘤,但息肉分割存在噪声较多、边界区分度不够等问题。针对以上问题,本文设计了一种采用级联策略融合边界特征的多尺度息肉分割网络。首先,本文提出了一种改进的通道分组空间增强模块,以增强骨干网络提取的图像特征,从而提高通道和空间位置的相关性。其次,考虑到边界区分度不够,设计了一个级联特征融合网络,以更好地保留边界信息并提高边界区分度,从而提高分割精度。最后,引入了一种双分支混合上采样模块来获取更多的特征细节信息,以实现特征的互补以及捕获更完整有效的特征。在CVC-ClinicDB和Kvasir数据集上进行测试,本文算法的平均Dice系数分别为0.944,0.920,平均交并比分别为0.900,0.869;而M2SNet算法的平均Dice系数分别为0.922,0.912,平均交并比分别为0.880,0.861。在ETIS-LaribPolypDB,CVC-300和CVC-ColonDB数据集上进行测试,本文算法的平均Dice系数分别为0.776,0.915,0.782;而M2SNet算法的平均Dice系数分别为0.749,0.903,0.758。实验结果表明本文算法的分割精度较高,泛化能力较强。

CGI数字影像的能指演进——电影第二符号学“去就之分”

CGI数字影像的出现不仅对电影创作影响深远,同时也对以精神分析法为依托的电影第二符号学提出新的挑战。尤其是CGI数字影像因为脱离了摄影术而缺乏指示性,不具备双重能指,呈现为“能指二分”。电影第二符号学曾经提出的“想象的能指”便不再适用。文章根据观影过程的“感性的把控”以及拉康的两个镜像模型,区分CGI数字影像在实在界、想象界和象征界的交织情况,认为以精神分析法为核心的电影第二符号学是阶段性产物,应该摆脱摄影术的历史局限,以CGI数字影像的能指诉求,强调观影过程与符号建模的双重特性。

基于双路径编码的遥感建筑物图像分割方法

高分辨率遥感图像建筑物分割是遥感影像研究的热点之一,而高分辨率遥感图像中建筑物尺度多样容易导致错分割、漏分割和边界模糊。针对上述问题,基于U-Net网络结构提出了一种双路径编码的遥感建筑物图像分割网络(DCU-Net)。DCU-Net在U-Net上加入一条并行编码路径,形成双路径编码结构。在编码阶段设计了密集残差编码模块(DRCM)和多尺度空洞卷积编码模块(MDCCM)以增强多尺度特征提取。在网络中加入双路融合注意力模块(DFAM),增强网络对特征的表达能力。为验证网络有效性,在WHU与Massachusetts数据集上进行实验,召回率、F1分数和交并比指标在WHU上达到91.26%、92.33%和86.15%,在Massachusetts Buildings上达到81.64%、84.33%和82.72%。结果表明,DCU-Net对于不同尺度的建筑物提取有较高的提取精度。