HAN基单组元推进剂热分解过程的分子动力学模拟

为揭示非催化点火方式的硝酸羟胺(HAN)基单组元液体火箭发动机内推进剂的反应机理,采用分子动力学模拟方法,在ReaxFF/lg力场下对HAN基推进剂热分解机理及配方影响作用机制开展研究。计算结果表明:推进剂热分解过程存在两个阶段。第一个阶段为吸热阶段,推进剂内硝酸羟胺和硝酸肼氢键断裂,分解生成羟胺、肼和硝酸,吸热阶段主要受推进剂内氢键个数影响;第二个阶段为推进剂分解反应阶段,由硝酸和羟胺的分解所引发,生成NH_(2)、NO_(2)和OH。OH为主要的氧化性物质,与肼、甲醇反应,生成大量的水。肼在推进剂中的分解主要依靠与OH反应脱氢,生成N_(2)H_(3),并最终分解形成N_(2)和H_(2)。推进剂配方仅对与OH的反应有显著影响。降低甲醇的含量,能够显著提升燃料的反应速率,同时促进肼分子的反应脱氢,提高推进剂初始分解速率;提高硝酸羟胺的含量能够促进甲醇的分解,但受肼分解反应速率较低的影响,推进剂整体分解速率降低。

Spatial Distribution Pattern and Han Subgroup Characteristics of Traditional Villages in Guangdong

A total of 126 traditional villages in Guangdong were selected for research to analyze their spatial distribution pattern, spatial autocorrelation, and Han subgroup characteristics through the spatial analysis with GIS. The results showed that the traditional villages in Guangdong were distributed compactly, which was similar to that in other provinces; on the prefecture-level city scale, they were mainly distributed in Meizhou, Qingyuan, Zhanjiang, and Zhaoqing, showing a central distribution; on the regional scale, they were mainly distributed in northern Guangdong and the Pearl River Delta, indicating an unbalanced distribution; their density of spatial distribution showed a significant difference with a provincial distribution density of 0.59 per thousand km^2 and the highest distribution density of 2.14 per thousand km^2; there were four gathering areas accommodating many traditional villages, namely Meizhou-Chaoshan area, Guangfo-Dongguan area, Leizhou in Zhanjiang, and Lianzhou in Qingyuan; the spatial distribution of traditional villages, which presented a pattern of hot spot—sub-hot spot—sub-cold spot—cold spot, had a significant global spatial autocorrelation, and areas in similar sizes were tending towards gathering; traditional villages in Guangdong belonged to the Cantonese-speaking group and Hakka-speaking group with a density of 0.59 per thousand km^2 and 0.48 per thousand km^2 respectively, and Han subgroup with the highest distribution density was the minority areas of 1.31 per thousand km^2, followed by Shaozhou dialect area with a density of 1.00 per thousand km^2.

The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 geneE670G polymorphism and serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations

Background The association of E670G polymorphism in the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) gene and serum lipid profiles is inconsistent in dif- ferent ethnic groups.Bai Ku Yao is a special subgroup of the Yao minority in China.The present study was undertaken association of PCSK9 E670G polymorphism and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations.Methods A total of 649 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 646 participants of Han Chinese were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples.Genotyping of the PCSK9 E670G polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis,and then confirmed by direct sequencing. Results The levels of serum total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and apolipoprotein(Apo) AI were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han(P【0.01 for all).The frequency of A and G alleles was 98.00%and 2.00%in Bai Ku Yao,and 95.20%and 4.80%in Han(P【0.01);respectively. The frequency of AA,AG and GG genotypes was 95.99%,4.01%and 0%in Bai Ku Yao,and 91.02%, 8.36%and 0.62%in Han(P【0.01);respectively.There were also significant differences in the genotypic and allelic frequencies between n and the ratio of ApoAI to ApoB in Han Chinese but not in Bai Ku Yao were different between the AA and AG/GG genotypes(P【0.05 for all).The G allele carriers had higher serum HDL-C and higher ApoAI to ApoB ratio than the G allele noncarriers.When serum lipid parameters in Han were analyzed according to sex,the G allele carriers had higher serum HDL and ApoAI levels in males (P【0.05),and lower ApoB level and higher ApoAI to ApoB ratio in females(P【0.05 for all).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum HDL-C levels were correlated with genotypes in both ethnic groups(P【0.05 each).Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with sex,age,body massindex,alcohol consumption,cigarette smoking,and blood pressure in both ethnic groups(P【0.05-0.001).Conclusions These results suggest that the PCSK9 E670G polymorphism is mainly associated with some serum lipid parameters in the Han population,both gender show different relations to different serum lipid parameters.The G allele carriers might have higher serum lipid profiles than the G allele noncarriers. ormal LDL-C(≤3.20 mmol/L) and high LDL-C subgroups (】 3.20 mmol/L,P【0.01;respectively) in Bai Ku Yao, and between normal ApoB(≤1.14 g/L) and high ApoB subgroups(】 1.14 g/L,P 【 0.01;respectively) in Han.

Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism and serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations

Objectives The association of methylenetetrahy-drofolate reductase(MTHFR) gene polymorphism and serum lipid profiles is still controversial in diverse ethnics.Bai Ku Yao is an isolated subgroup of the Yao minority in China. The aim of the present study was to eveluate the association of MTHFR C677Tpolymorphism and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations.Methods A total of 780 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 686 participants of Han Chinese were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples.Genotyping of the MTHFR C677T was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis,and then confirmed by direct sequencing.Results The levels of serum total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), apolipoprotein(Apo) AI and ApoB were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han(P【0.05-0.001).The frequency of C and T alleles was 77.4%and 22.6%in Bai Ku Yao,and 60.9%and 39.1%in Han(P【0.001);respectively.The frequency of CC,CT and TT genotypes was 58.7%,37.3%and 4.0%in Bai Ku Yao,and 32.6%,56.4%and 11.0%in Han(P【 0.001);respectively.The levels of TC and LDL-C in both ethnic groups were significant differences among the three genotypes(P【0.05-0.01).The T allele carriers had higher serum TC and LDL-C levels than the T allele noncarriers. The levels of ApoB in Han were significant differences among the three genotypes(P【0.05).The T allele carriers had higher serum ApoB levels as compared with the T allele noncarriers. The levels of TC,TG and LDL-C in Bai Ku Yao were correlated with genotypes(P【0.05-0.001),whereas the levels of LDL-C in Han were associated with genotypes(P【 0.001).Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with sex, age,body massindex,alcohol consumption,cigarette smoking, and blood pressure in the both ethnic groups.Conclusions The differences in serum TC,TG,LDL-C and ApoB levels between the two ethnic groups might partly result from different genotypic and allelic frequencies of the MTHFR C677Tor differentMTHFR gene-enviromental interactions.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta+294T>C polymorphism and serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations

Objectives The association of peroxisome prolif-erator -activated receptor delta(PPARD) +294T】C polymorphism and serum lipid levels is inconsistent in several previous studies.Bai Ku Yao is an isolated association of PPARD +294T】C(rs2016520) polymorphism and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations.Methods A total of 609 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 573 participants of Han Chinese were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples.Genotyping of the PPARD +294T】C polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis, and then confirmed by direct sequencing.Results The levels of serum total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),apolipoprotein(Apo) AI and ApoB were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han(P【0.001 for all).The frequency of T and C alleles was 77.50%and 22.50%in Bai Ku Yao,and 72.43%and 27.57%in Han (P【0.01);respectively.The frequency of TT,TC and CC genotypes was 60.59%,33.83%and 5.53%in Bai Ku Yao, and 52.18%,40.50%and 7.32%in Han(P【0.05);respectively. The levels of LDL-C,ApoB and the ratio of ApoAI to ApoB in Bai Ku Yao were different among the three genotypes in females but not in males(P【0.05 for all).The subjects with TT and TC genotypes had lower serum LDL-C and ApoB levels and higher the ratio of ApoAI to ApoB than the CC genotype in females.The levels of TC and ApoB in the total Han population were different among the three genotypes (P【0.05 for all).The C allele carriers had higher serum TC and ApoB levels than the C allele noncarriers.When serum lipid levels were analyzed according to sex,the difference in serum TC levels in Han was significant in males(P【0.01) but not in females,whereas the difference in serum ApoB levels was significant in females(P【0.05)but not in males. Serum TC and ApoB levels were correlated with genotypes in Han(P【0.05 for each) but not in Bai Ku Yao.Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with sex,age,body massindex, alcohol consumption,cigarette smoking,and blood pressure in both ethnic groups.Conclusions These results suggest that the association of PPARD +294T】C polymorphism and serum lipid levels is different between the Bai Ku Yao and Han populations.The discrepancy between the two ethnic groups might partly result from different PPARD +294T】C polymorphism or PPARD gene-enviromental interactions,subgroup of the Yao minority in China.

Association of the LIPG 584C>T polymorphism and serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations

Objectives Endotheliallipase(EL) is a major determinantof high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C) metabolism,but the association of endothelial lipase gene (LIPG) polymorphism and serum HDL-C levels is scarce and conflicting in diverse populations.Bai Ku Yao is an isolated subgroup of the Yao minority in China.This study was designed to detect the association of LIPG 584C】T(rs2000813) polymorphism and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations. Methods A total of 645 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 638 participants of Han Chinese were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples.Genotyping of the LIPG584C】T was performed by polymerse chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis,and then confirmed by direct sequencing. Results The levels of serum total cholesterol(TC),HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and apolipoprotein (Apo) AI and ApoB were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han(P【0.05-0.001).The frequency of C and T alleles was 73.5%and 26.5%in Bai Ku Yao,and 67.9%and 32.1%in Han(P【0.01).The frequency of CC,CT and TT genotypes was 50.4%,46.2%and 3.4%in Bai Ku Yao,and 41.4%, 53.1%and 5.5%in Han(P【0.01);respectively.Serum HDL-C levels in both ethnic groups were different among the three genotypes(P【0.05 for each).Serum TC levels in both ethnic groups were also different between CC and CT/TT types(P【 0.05 for each).The T allele carriers had higher serum HDL-C and TC levels than the T allele noncarriers.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the levels of HDL-C and ApoB were correlated with genotype in Bai Ku Yao(P【 0.05 for each),whereas the levels of TC and HDL-C were associated with genotype in Han Chinese(P【0.05 and P【 0.01).Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with gender, age,weight,body massindex,alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking,and blood pressure in the both ethnic groups.Conclusions The frequency of LIPG 584Tallele is lower in the Bai Ku Yao than in the Han populations.The LIPG 584Tallele is associated with serum HDL-C and TC levels.The differences in serum lipid profiles between the two ethnic groups might partly result from different genotypic and allelic of LIPG 584C 】T or different LIPG-enviromental interactions.

HAN基电控固体推进剂电化学性能对燃烧性能的影响

硝酸羟胺(HAN)基电控固体推进剂是一种以HAN为主要氧化剂的新型智能推进剂,通过外加电源控制其燃烧速率与启停。为探索电化学性能与燃烧性能间的关系,在研究推进剂的离子迁移率、过电位的变化规律的基础上,将其与推进剂的点火电压、点火延迟进行关联。研究发现,推进剂在外加低电压(1.6~2.8 V)刺激下,离子迁移率与电压大小正相关,推进剂基体的改良在提高离子迁移率方面的效果大于离子掺杂。在燃烧性能方面,离子迁移率影响点火电压,过电位决定点火延迟;离子迁移率越高,点火时,推进剂的电流密度与反应活性越高;当迁移率由0.09 mm^(2)·s^(-1)·V^(-1)升高至0.16 mm^(2)·s^(-1)·V^(-1)时,点火电压由210 V降至70 V,有利于拓宽电控固体推进剂的应用范围;点火电压一定时,推进剂过电位越小,电分解速率越大,点火延迟越小,当过电位由0.67 V降至0.51 V时,点火延迟由1.68 s降至0.31 s,有利于推进剂满足快速响应的战略需求。

Hanning自卷积窗及其在谐波分析中的应用

加窗插值FFT算法可以有效降低频谱泄漏和栅栏效应对谐波分析精度的影响。本文提出一种由Hanning窗进行自卷积运算得到的Hanning自卷积窗,分析了卷积阶数对主瓣宽度、旁瓣电平和旁瓣衰减速率的影响,计算了1～4阶Hanning自卷积窗的主瓣、旁瓣性能参数,给出了基于Hanning自卷积窗的双峰插值FFT谐波分析算法。仿真结果表明,Hanning自卷积窗具有优良的频谱抑制性能,基于Hanning自卷积窗的双峰插值FFT算法能有效消除各次谐波间的相互干扰,适合于电力谐波的高精度检测,与已有加窗插值FFT谐波分析算法相比,精度有明显提高,且便于嵌入式系统实现。

韩氏穴位神经刺激仪(HANS)应用于腹部手术病人术后PCEA镇痛的临床研究

本研究根据一定频率的经皮电刺激可促使中枢神经系统释放阿片肽的原理，应用韩氏穴位神经刺激仪（HANS）辅助腹部手术病人术后硬膜外腔吗啡自控镇痛20例（HANS组）与单纯术后硬膜外腔吗啡自控镇痛20例（对照组）比较。结果表明：吗啡用量HANS组150±192．6μg与对照组465±478．2μg相比有显著性差异（P＜0．05），镇痛效果VAS评分HANS组0．5±05且分与对照组0．9±0．64分相比有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。不良反应：胸闷、恶心，实验组与对照组相比有所减少。结论：HANS复合PCEA可使吗啡用量减少68％，提高镇痛效果并可减少不良反应，值得临床上推广应用。

用加Hanning窗插值高阶正弦拟合法测介损角

电力系统频率偏离50Hz时常规的傅立叶变换用于频谱分析时易产生频谱泄漏和栅栏效应,使介损角计算产生误差。高阶正弦拟合法以信号的基波频率、谐波幅值和相角作为变量对信号进行拟合,该法能有效减轻谐波存在和频率波动的影响,精确测量电气设备的介损角。高阶正弦拟合法的关键是最小二乘的计算,通常使用傅立叶变换结果作为最小二乘法的初始值,当频率偏离50Hz较多时,傅立叶变换结果与谐波分析的真实值相差较大,将其作为初值的最小二乘计算量大,影响了高阶正弦拟合法的实时性。加Hanning窗插值谐波分析法通过加窗和插值能有效减轻频率偏离50Hz时的频谱泄漏和栅栏效应,且有快速算法较之傅立叶变换增加的计算量很少。为提高高阶正弦拟合法计算介损角时的实时性,将加Hanning窗插值谐波分析法的结果作为高阶正弦拟合法的初始值,所得初始值与精确值的差值减少,最小二乘法的迭代次数从2次减到1次,容性设备仿真信号的计算时间从约0.82ms减到约0.45ms,结果表明所提出的方法能有效减少介损角的计算时间,提高介损角测量的实时性。

HANS治疗仪对男性戒断期酒依赖患者心理渴求的作用

目的:评价HANS治疗仪对男性酒依赖患者戒断期心理渴求的影响。方法:将92例符合ICD-10中酒依赖诊断标准的戒断期男性患者随机分成两组:HANS组(治疗组)45例,给予2/100 Hz经皮穴位电刺激(HANS);Mock-HANS组(对照组)47例,给予模拟经皮穴位电刺激(Mock-HANS),为期15 d。比较两组酒精心理渴求评分(视觉模拟标尺,VAS)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)和心率及血压变化。结果:(1)HANS组心理渴求分值(VAS)在治疗后d10(0.98±s 0.85 vs.1.6±s 1.35,P<0.05)和d15差异有显著性(0.67±s 0.76 vs.1.6±s 1.35,P<0.001),Mock-HANS组的下降差异无显著性;在治疗15 d时HANS组较Mock-HANS组的VAS分值差异有极显著性(0.67±s0.76 vs.1.84±s 0.87,P<0.001);(2)HANS组的GGT在治疗后下降差异有显著性(88.5±s 70.0 vs.198.1±s83.2,P<0.05),同时也低于Mock-HANS组的治疗后GGT的平均值(88.5±s 70.0 vs.144.0±s 85.2,P<0.05);(3)经治疗15 d后HANS组的收缩压和舒张压较治疗前下降明显(103.9±s 6.1 vs.126.7±s 14.1;68.7±s 6.0 vs.81.6±s 8.6,P均<0.05),而Mock-HANS组差异无显著性;(4)HANS组的心率在治疗15 d后下降差异有显著(70.5±s 2.8 vs.83.6±s 4.4,P<0.05),Mock-HANS组治疗后的心率变化差异无显著性。结獉论獉:HANS治疗仪能减轻戒断期酒依赖者的心理渴求程度,辅助改善血中GGT指标,降低酒依赖患者的心率、血压,对酒依赖患者的戒断期有一定的辅助治疗作用。

基于Hanning和Nuttall的混合卷积窗谐波分析方法

提出用Hanning窗和Nuttall窗进行卷积构造一种新型的窗函数——混合卷积窗,分析该窗函数的幅频特性,推导出基于混合卷积窗的三谱线插值法。将所提方法用于电力谐波分析,并与加经典窗算法进行对比。仿真分析表明,该混合卷积窗与Hanning窗和Nuttall窗相比具有更快的旁瓣衰减速率,能更好抑制频谱泄露。在非同步采样情况下,加混合卷积窗三谱线插值法分析谐波具有更高的计算精度。

应用SPECT分子影像技术评价HANS治疗儿童孤独症的价值

目的:应用SPECT分子影像技术评价HANS治疗儿童孤独症(childhood Autism,CA)的价值。方法:回顾性调查分析能坚持HANS治疗≥12个月的39例CA患儿。使用HANS 100A或200A型神经穴位刺激仪,选择肢体穴位组合,每天治疗2次共2小时。分别在HANS治疗前后进行2次SPECT分子影像检查,并进行视觉分析和定量分析。结果:视觉分析39例CA患儿,HANS治疗前共有164处局灶性脑血流灌注和功能异常病灶,HANS治疗后131处(79.9%)完全消失或明显缩小,33处无明显变化(20.1%)。血流功能变化率(blood functional changing rate,BFCR)定量分析显示,HANS治疗CA总有效率为73.2%,同时伴有孤独症行为量表(ABC量表)总分减少和CA患儿临床症状的明显改善,认知、语言和社交能力的提高,未见明显副作用。结论:HANS治疗CA疗效显著而安全。

HAN-基凝胶推进剂的热分解反应动力学（英文）

为研究HAN-基凝胶推进剂的热分解特性,利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和热重分析仪(TGA)对两种含不同质量聚乙烯醇(PVA)的HAN-基凝胶推进剂样品进行热分析试验,并与一种双基推进剂进行对比。分析了HAN-基凝胶推进剂和双基推进剂的热分解过程,得到热分解反应的动力学参数;采用等转化率法计算了活化能,采用Zhang-Hu-Xie-Li等方法计算出热爆炸临界温度和自加速分解温度。采用Malek法推断出两种HAN-基凝胶推进剂样品的热分解反应的最可几机理函数。结果表明,HAN-基凝胶推进剂的热分解是一个连续的放热过程,热分解较为彻底,残渣较少,活化能约为100kJ/mol。当PVA含量增加时,其热爆炸临界温度和自加速分解温度升高。与双基推进剂相比,HAN-基凝胶推进剂具有较好的热安定性。

HANS仪刺激百会穴影响异丙酚效应的PET研究

目的:应用正电子发射计算机断层显像,观察韩氏穴位神经刺激仪(简称HANS仪)刺激百会穴对异丙酚麻醉脑葡萄糖代谢的影响。方法:18只实验用小型猪随机分为3组,HANS组(n=6),基础麻醉后,采用HANS仪电刺激百会穴,以2/100Hz变频电刺激25min,注射显像剂18F-FDG32min后PET扫描;异丙酚组(n=6),基础麻醉后输注异丙酚6mg/kg·h,15min后用1min静注显像剂,继续输注异丙酚6mg/kg·h,32min后PET扫描;针药复合组(n=6),基础麻醉后,HANS仪以2/100Hz变频电刺激百会穴25min,停电针,输注异丙酚6mg/kg·h,15min后用1min静注显像剂,异丙酚6mg/kg·h继续输注32min后PET扫描。结果:HANS仪2/100Hz变频刺激百会穴使异丙酚麻醉相应脑区葡萄糖代谢明显下降(P<0.01)。结论:电刺激百会穴具有加强异丙酚麻醉效应的作用,其作用机制之一是显著降低了脑代谢。

基于加Hanning窗递推DFT算法的测频方法

常用递推离散傅里叶变换(DFT)方式动态计算频谱,根据相位计算结果实时计算电网变化的频率,动态调整测量控制装置的采样频率实现同步采样。但由于截断信号会产生频谱泄漏,使得相位和频率计算结果有一定误差,采用该方法跟踪频率,实时计算电网变化的频率速度较慢。为提高频率跟踪计算速度,对加Hanning窗递推DFT算法计算频率进行了研究,利用2次加Hanning窗递推DFT求出工频基波相位经过1个工频周期后的相位变化量,再利用该变化量求出对应频率的变化量。采用加窗递推DFT有效减小了频谱泄漏的影响,提高了相位差的计算精度和速度,从而可以提高频率的计算精度和速度。该方法简单,易于实现,计算量较小,频率跟踪速度快。

硝酸羟胺(HAN)水凝胶性能研究

研究了硝酸羟胺水溶液凝胶化的工艺过程并通过密闭爆发器实验评价了不同水含量凝胶体的燃烧性能。结果表明,此种工艺制备的含水量为34.92%的硝酸羟胺(HAN)凝胶体能量可达757.58J·g-1,燃烧时间少于52.30ms,可广泛应用于固体推进剂系统及安全制动系统中。

预先应用HANS的超前镇痛作用及对机体内分泌功能影响的临床研究

目的:观察预先应用韩氏神经穴位刺激仪(HANS) 的超前镇痛作用及对机体内分泌功能的影响。方法:妇科择期手术病人30 例,ASA Ⅰ- Ⅱ级,随机分为两组,各15 例。HANS组预先应用HANS行超前镇痛,对照组不做超前镇痛。观察两组硬膜外吗啡术后镇痛的时程、静息及运动时的VAS、加用镇痛药的次数及血浆儿茶酚胺含量的变化。结果:①两组硬膜外吗啡术后镇痛的时程及静息时的VAS无显著性差异( P> 0 .05) ;而HANS组运动时的VAS 低于对照组( P < 0 .05) ,加用镇痛药的次数也少于对照组( P< 0 .05) 。②血浆儿茶酚胺的变化:对照组术后第一、三天均高于术前值,有显著性差异( P< 0 .05) ,HANS组仅术后第一天高于术前( P<0 .05) 。结论:预先应用HANS具有超前镇痛作用,同时还能缩短围术期儿茶酚胺增高反应的时间。

可用于替代肼的2种绿色单组元液体推进剂HAN、ADN

给出了绿色单组元液体推进剂的定义。从推进性能、毒性、环境友好性方面讨论了硝酸羟胺(HAN)和二硝酰胺铵(ADN)基单组元液体推进剂相比肼单组元推进剂的优势。介绍了这两种单元推进剂的国外最新应用情况。

HANS仪辅助硬膜外阻滞时病人血清皮质醇和血糖的变化

目的：观察妇科经腹全宫切除病人在硬膜外麻醉时辅以ＨＡＮＳ穴位刺激，是否能减轻内脏牵拉反应及相应的血液生化学变化。结果：硬膜外麻醉加ＨＡＮＳ组（＋ＨＡＮＳ）及单纯硬膜外麻醉（－ＨＡＮＳ）组各１５例。＋ＨＡＮＳ组术中有６６．７％的病例不出现牵拉反应，明显高于－ＨＡＮＳ组（２０％）；术中需要追加杜非合剂的病例（１３％），显著少于－ＨＡＮＳ组（５３％）。＋ＨＡＮＳ组术中血糖升高３３％，显著低于－ＨＡＮＳ组（升高４９％）。两组血清皮质醇水平的幅度相似，无显著差异。结论：硬膜外麻醉加用ＨＡＮＳ。