Stability behavior of the Lanxi ancient flood control levee after reinforcement with upside-down hanging wells and grouting curtain

The stability of the ancient flood control levees is mainly influenced by water level fluctuations, groundwater concentration and rainfalls. This paper takes the Lanxi ancient levee as a research object to study the evolution laws of its seepage, displacement and stability before and after reinforcement with the upside-down hanging wells and grouting curtain through numerical simulation methods combined with experiments and observations. The study results indicate that the filled soil is less affected by water level fluctuations and groundwater concentration after reinforcement. A high groundwater level is detrimental to the levee's long-term stability, and the drainage issues need to be fully considered. The deformation of the reinforced levee is effectively controlled since the fill deformation is mainly borne by the upside-down hanging wells. The safety factors of the levee before reinforcement vary significantly with the water level. The minimum value of the safety factors is 0.886 during the water level decreasing period, indicating a very high risk of the instability. While it reached 1.478 after reinforcement, the stability of the ancient levee is improved by a large margin.

Benefits and ecological restoration implications of hanging grass fences in Mongolian desert steppe

Tumbleweeds participate in a common seasonal biological process in temperate grasslands,creating hanging grass fences during the grass-withering season that result in distinct ecological phenomena.In this study,we addressed the urgent need to understand and restore the degraded desert steppe in Central Mongolia,particularly considering the observed vegetation edge effects around hanging grass fences.Using field surveys conducted in 2019 and 2021 in the severely degraded desert steppe of Central Mongolia,we assessed vegetation parameters and soil physical and chemical properties influenced by hanging grass fences and identified the key environmental factors affecting vegetation changes.The results indicate that the edge effects of hanging grass fences led to changes in species distributions,resulting in significant differences in species composition between the desert steppe's interior and edge areas.Vegetation parameters and soil physical and chemical properties exhibited nonlinear responses to the edge effects of hanging grass fences,with changes in vegetation coverage,aboveground biomass,and soil sand content peaking at 26.5,16.5,and 6.5 m on the leeward side of hanging grass fences,respectively.In the absence of sand dune formation,the accumulation of soil organic carbon and available potassium were identified as crucial factors driving species composition and increasing vegetation coverage.Changes in species composition and plant density were primarily influenced by soil sand content,electrical conductivity,and sand accumulation thickness.These findings suggest that hanging grass fences have the potential to alter vegetation habitats,promote vegetation growth,and control soil erosion in the degraded desert steppe of Central Mongolia.Therefore,in the degraded desert steppe,the restoration potential of hanging grass fences during the enclosure process should be fully considered.

Clinical Study on the Treatment of Low Anal Fistula in Infants and Young Children by Anal Gland Excision and Virtual Hanging Procedure

Objective:To compare the efficacy of anal adenectomy with virtual hanging wire and anal fistulotomy in the treatment of low anal fistula in infants and children.Methods:60 children with low anal fistula who were admitted to our hospital from October 2021 to March 2022 and met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups of 30 cases each;the treatment group was treated with anal adenectomy and virtual hanging wire surgery,and the control group was treated with anal fistula resection.The clinical efficacy after treatment was compared.Results:The total effective rate of both groups was 96.67%and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The postoperative pain score of the treatment group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).The length of hospitalization and healing time of the treatment group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).The anal function of the patients in both groups was normal,and there was no adverse reaction.Conclusion:Anal gland excision and virtual hanging surgery for the treatment of low anal fistula in infants and children have the advantages of mild pain,reduced length of hospitalization,short healing time,and better patient experience as compared to anal fistula excision.

贡山三尖杉的新名称(Cephalotaxus talonensis Cheng et Feng ex S.G.Lu et X.D.Lang)及分类地位(英文)

提议贡山三尖杉的新名称Cephalotaxus talonensis Cheng et Feng ex S.G.Lu et X.D.Lang替代不合法的旧名称Cephalotaxus lanceolata K.M.Feng in Cheng et al.(晚出同名)。对比贡山三尖杉和三尖杉Cephalotaxus fortunei Hooker的模式标本和自然生长状态下的叶片形态,支持将贡山三尖杉处理为种的等级,不赞同Silba(1990)将贡山三尖杉降为三尖杉的变种[Cephalotaxus fortunei Hooker var.lanceolata(Feng)Silba]。文中提供4幅参照图片。

Preliminary analysis of the hanging wall effect and velocity pulse of the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake

A preliminary study of the PGA attenuation, hanging wall effect and velocity pulse characteristics from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake ofMS -8.0 is described in this paper. The study was carried out through analyses in the time and frequency domains of main earthquake records. In the PGA attenuation study, records from 316 stations less than 1000 km from the surface rupture of the fault were used as a database and attenuation relationships were developed and compared with some existing relationships that are widely used in China's Mainland, Chinese Taiwan and the US. At the same time, records from 28 stations less than 100 km from the fault were used to study the hanging wall effect and velocity pulse characteristics of this earthquake based on the distribution of PGA, PGV, spectral acceleration, and the velocity pulse peak, and the results are compared with the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake. In addition, the large PGAs of the UD components observed in this event are also discussed in this paper. From the results of the preliminary study, some conclusions are developed and suggestions for further research are proposed.

Effect of combined therapy of Yinchenhao Chengqi decoction and endoscopic sphincterotomy for endotoxemia in acute cholangitis

AIM To evaluate the therapeutic mechanism of Yinchenhao Chengqi (YCHCQ) decoction (containing mainly Herba Artemisia capillaris) combined with endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) for endotoxemia (ETM) in acute cholangitis.METHODS Twenty-one cases of acute cholangitis with ETM were divided randomly into two groups: group A, 10 patients treated with YCHCQ decoction combined with EST, group B, 11 patients treated with EST. The incidence rate of ETM, plasmic ET, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malonyldialdehyde (MDA), complement C3 and C-reactive protein (CRP) were studied respectively.RESULTS The ET level of group A (35.92ng/L±8.30ng/L) was significantly reduced after 7 days of treatment (P＜0.05) in contrast to that of group B (47.8ng/L±11.62ng/L), so did the level of MDA and CRP. But the SOD activity and C3 level in group A increased significantly (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION YCHCQ decoction combined with EST had a beneficial effect for ETM in acute cholangitis.INTRODUCTIONEndotoxemia (ETM) is one of the most important physiopathologic causes of acute cholangitis and it is the trigger of cytokines and inflammatory factors. In recent studies it has been found that Yinchenhao Chengqi (YCHCQ) decoction has a beneficial effect on ETM in acute cholangitis. With the development of endoscopic surgery, endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) has become an effective replacement for some operations in the treatment of acute cholangitis[1]. The effect of YCHCQ decoction combined with EST on ET, oxygen free radical and complement C3 was observed in order to find out its therapeutic mechanism.

A Flexible-Segment-Model-Based Dynamics Calculation Method for Free Hanging Marine Risers in Re-Entry

In re-entry, the drilling riser hanging to the holding vessel takes on a free hanging state, waiting to be moved from the initial random position to the wellhead. For the re-entry, dynamics calculation is often done to predict the riser motion or evaluate the structural safety. A dynamics calculation method based on Flexible Segment Model （FSM） is proposed for free hanging marine risers. In FSM, a riser is discretized into a series of flexible segments. For each flexible segment, its deflection feature and external forces are analyzed independently. For the whole riser, the nonlinear governing equations are listed according to the moment equilibrium at nodes. For the solution of the nonlinear equations, a linearization iteration scheme is provided in the paper. Owing to its flexibility, each segment can match a long part of the riser body, which enables that good results can be obtained even with a small number of segments. Moreover, the linearization iteration scheme can avoid widely used Newton-Rapson iteration scheme in which the calculation stability is influenced by the initial points. The FSM-based dynamics calculation is timesaving and stable, so suitable for the shape prediction or real-time control of free hanging marine risers.

Failure of hanging roofs in sublevel caving by shock collision and stress superposition

Hanging roofs or high hang-ups.a common problem in sublevel caving mining,usually result in a large ore loss and undermine mining safety.This paper analyzed the formation of a hanging roof and showed that increased confining pressure and reduced free surface were its main characteristics.In order to break down a hanging roof,a new method based on shock wave collision and stress superposition was developed.In this method,two blastholes containing multi-primer at different positions are simultaneously initiated at first.By doing this,a new free surface and a swell room can be created.After these holes are fired,a long delay time is given to the next blasthole so that the fragments from the first twohole blasting have enough time to fall down.This new method was applied to three hanging roofs in one production area,and all of them were successfully broken down.Field inspection indicated that almost no damage was caused in the nearby drifts/tunnels due to the new method.In addition,the far field vibrations were found to be smaller than the maximum vibrations induced by some other blasts.

Effects of the Extract of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus cheng f. (JA1) on Induction of Apoptosis of HepG2 in vitro and Its Molecular Mechanisms

Objective To study the effects and the mechanisms of extract from a leguminous plant （Ammopiptanthus mongolicus cheng f.） （JAl ） in northwest China on inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation of HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cell in vitro. Methods The HepG2 cell line was used as target cells. The effect of 3A 1 on HepG2 cell growth was detected by microculture tetrazolium assay （MTr）, flow cytometry assay, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis and transmission electronic microscopy. The expressive effect of the wt-p53 in HepG2 cells was analyzed with p53 protein test-reagent. Results JAl not only had significant anti-proliferative effects depending upon time and dosage, but also induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells. Apoptotic typical morphological changes were observed in JAl-treated HepG2 cells under transmission electronic microscope, ＂Sub-G 1＂ phase peak occurred in flow cytometry and DNA ＂ladder＂ was found in DNA agarose gel electrophoresis. The expression of the wt-p53 increased in vitro, and 3Al-treated HepG2 and the positive cell percentage of the wt-p53 protein also increased. Conclusions JAl could obviously induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation of HepG2 cells in vitro, and these effects are closely related with the increase of wt-p53 expression. JAl can be used as a good source of medicinal plant for the treatment of hepatocarcinoma.

A new approach to the surgical treatment of parasitic cysts of the liver:Hepatectomy using the liver hanging maneuver

AIM： To review 11 patients with parasitic cysts of the liver, who were treated by hepatic Iobectomy using the liver hanging maneuver （LHM）.METHODS： Between January 2003 and June 2006, we retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent surgical treatment due to parasitic cysts of the liver, at the Ege University School of Medicine, Department of General Surgery. Of these, the patients who underwent hepatic lobectomy using the LHM were reviewed and evaluated for surgical treatment outcome.RESULTS： Over a three-year period, there were 102 patients who underwent surgical treatment for parasitic cysts of the liver. Of these, 11 （10%） patients with parasitic cysts of the liver underwent hepatic Iobectomy using the LHM. Presenting symptoms were abdominal pain, dyspepsia, and cholangitis. Cyst locations were as follows： right lobe filled with cyst, 7 （63%）; segmental location, 2 （18%）; and multiple locations, 2 patients （18%）. All patients underwent hepatic Iobectomy with an anterior approach using the LHM. The intraoperative blood transfusion requirement was one unit for 3 patients and two units for one patient. Postoperative complications included pulmonary atelectasy （2, 18%） and pleural effusion （2, 18%）. No significant morbidity or mortality was observed.CONCLUSION： We concluded that hepatic Iobectomy using the LHM should be considered, not only for hepatic tumors or donor hepatectomy, but also to treat parasitic cysts of the liver.

Hemi-hepatectomy in pediatric patients using two-surgeon technique and a liver hanging maneuver

AIM： To evaluate the efficacy of the two-surgeon technique with the liver hanging maneuver （LHM） for hepatectomies in pediatric patients with hepatoblastoma. METHODS： Three pediatric patients with hepatoblastoma were enrolled in this study. Two underwent right hemi-hepatectomies and one underwent a left hemihepatectomy using the two-surgeon technique by means of saline-linked electric cautery （SLC） and the Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator （CUSA; Valleylab, Boulder, CO） and the LHM. RESULTS： The mean operative time during the parenchymal transections was 50 rain and the mean blood loss was 235 g. There was no bile leakage from the cut surface after surgery. No macroscopic or microscopic-positive margins were observed in the hepatic transections. CONCLUSION： The two-surgeon technique using SLC and CUSA with the LHM is applicable to even pediatric patients with hepatoblastoma.

A Finite Difference Approximation for Dynamic Calculation of Vertical Free Hanging Slender Risers in Re-Entry Application

The dynamic calculations of slender marine risers, such as Finite Element Method （FEM） or Modal Expansion Solution Method （MESM）, are mainly for the slender structures with their both ends hinged to the surface and bottom. However, for the re-entry operation, risers held by vessels are in vertical free hanging state, so the displacement and velocity of lower joint would not be zero. For the model of free hanging flexible marine risers, the paper proposed a Finite Difference Approximation （FDA） method for its dynamic calculation. The riser is divided into a reasonable number of rigid discrete segments. And the dynamic model is established based on simple Euler-Bemoulli Beam Theory concerning tension, shear forces and bending moments at each node along the cylindrical structures, which is extendible for different boundary conditions. The governing equations with specific boundary conditions for riser＇s free hanging state are simplified by Keller-box method and solved with Newton iteration algorithm for a stable dynamic solution. The calculation starts when the riser is vertical and still in calm water, and its behavior is obtained along time responding to the lateral forward motion at the top. The dynamic behavior in response to the lateral parametric excitation at the top is also proposed and discussed in this paper.

Rupture directivity and hanging wall effect in near field strong ground motion simulation

A random synthesis procedure based on finite fault model is adopted for near field strong ground motion simulation in this paper. The fault plane of the source is divided into a number of sub-sources, the whole moment magnitude is also divided into more sub-events. The Fourier spectrum of ground motion caused by a sub-event in given sub-source, then can be derived by means of taking the point source spectrum, attenuation with distance, energy dissipation, and near surface effect, into account. A time history is synthesized from this amplitude spectrum and a random phase spectrum, and being combined with an envelope function. The ground motion is worked out by superposition of all time histories from each sub-event in each sub-source, with time lags determining by the differences between the triggering times of sub-events and distances of the sub-sources. From the example of simulations at 21 near field points in a scenario earthquake with 4 dip angles of the fault plane, it is illustrated that the procedure can describe the rupture directivity and hanging wall effect very well. To validate the procedure, the response spectra and time histories recorded at three near fault stations MCN, LV3 and PCD during the Northridge earthquake in 1994, are compared with the simulated ones.

Effects of hanging wall and footwall on demand of structural input energy during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake

Systematic differences in the duration and frequency content of ground motions from the hanging wall and footwall during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake are investigated,focusing on the influence of these differences on structural input energy based on the elastic and inelastic energy responses of structures.A comparison of the input energy spectra between the hanging wall and the footwall reveal that the structural input energy on the hanging wall is not amplified due to the short duration and low peak ground velocity to acceleration ratio（V/A）.However,the larger demand of structural input energy on the footwall in the range of medium and long periods is observed and the demand increases up to 50% relative to the average level of structural input energy for rupture distances larger than 30 km.The importance of considering the footwall effect on structural input energy when comparing ground motions in the range of medium and long periods is recognized.

Effects of Chai-Qin-Cheng-Qi Decoction on cefotaxime in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis

AIM:To investigate the effect of Chai-Qin-Cheng-Qi Decoction(CQCQD)on cefotaxime(CTX)concentration in pancreas of rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). METHODS:Sixty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into an ANP group(ANP model +CTX,n=20),treatment group(ANP model+CTX +CQCQD,n=20)and control group(normal rats+ CTX,n=20).ANP models were induced by retrograde intraductal injection of 3.5%sodium taurocholate (1 mL/kg),and the control group was injected intraductally with normal saline.All rats were injected introperitoneally with 0.42 g/kg CTX(at 12-h intervals for a continuous 72 h)at 6 h after intraductal injection. Meanwhile,the treatment group received CQCQD (20 mL/kg)intragastrically at 8-h intervals,and the ANP and control group were treated intragastrically with normal saline.At 15 min after the last CTX injection,blood and pancreas samples were collected for the determination of CTX concentration using validated high-performance liquid chromatography. Pathological changes and wet-to-dry-weight(W/D) ratio of pancreatic tissue were examined. RESULTS:Serum CTX concentrations in three groups were not significantly different.Pancreatic CTXconcentration and penetration ratio were lower in ANP group vs control group(4.4±0.6μg/mL vs 18.6± 1.7μg/mL,P=0.000;5%vs 19%,P=0.000),but significantly higher in treatment group vs ANP group (6.4±1.7μg/mL vs 4.4±0.6μg/mL,P=0.020;7% vs 5%,P=0.048).The histological scores and W/D ratio were significantly decreased in treatment group vs ANP and control group. CONCLUSION:CQCQD might have a promotive effect on CTX concentration in pancreatic tissues of rats with ANP.

Trends in suicide by hanging, strangulation, and suffocation in Serbia, 1991-2020: A joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort analysis

BACKGROUND Hanging is one of the most commonly used methods for suicide in both sexes worldwide.In a number of countries,hanging mortality has increased over the last decades.Nevertheless,there is a scarcity of studies that have explored the patterns and trends for mortality of suicide by hanging on global,regional and national levels,as most evaluations are limited to certain populations.AIM To assess the trends of suicide mortality by hanging,strangulation,and suffocation in Serbia,from 1991 to 2020.METHODS This nationwide study,with epidemiological descriptive study design,was carried out based on official data.The age-standardized rates(ASRs,expressed per 100000 persons)were calculated by direct standardization,using the World Standard Population.Mortality trends from suicide by hanging were assessed using the joinpoint regression analysis:The average annual percent change(AAPC)with the corresponding 95%confidence interval(95%CI)was calculated.Age-period-cohort analysis was performed to address the possible underlying reasons for the observed suicide trends.RESULTS Over the 30-year period studied,there were 24340 deaths by hanging(17750 males and 6590 females)in Serbia.In 2020,the ASR of deaths by hanging was 4.5 per 100000 persons in both sexes together(7.6 in males vs 1.7 in females).The trends of suicide mortality by hanging decreased significantly between 1991 and 2020 in both males(AAPC=-1.7%per year;95%CI:-2.0 to-1.4)and females(AAPC=-3.5%per year;95%CI:-3.9 to-3.1).Mortality rates of suicide by hanging had a continuously decreasing tendency in both sexes together in all age groups:The only exception was among males in 40-49 age group,with an increasing trend of suicide by hanging from 1991 to 2011(by+0.3%per year).CONCLUSION The trends in suicide mortality by hanging have been decreasing in Serbia in the last three decades in both sexes,but this was more pronounced in women than in men.Despite the decreasing trends observed in mortality of suicide by hanging,further research is needed for better clarification of trends and help in suicide prevention in the future.

Study on Origin and Evolution of Polyploids in Parakmeria Hu et Cheng Using LEAFY Gene

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the origin and evolution of poly- poids in Parakmeria Hu et Cheng through LEAFY gene clone and sequence analysis. [Method] In this study, LEAFY gene in Parakmeria species and its relative genera was cloned and sequenced using molecular biology methods. With reference to LEAFY gene sequence published by NCBI, the origin pattern of polypoids in Parakmeria was explored and reasons for the distribution layout of different polypoids were analyzed through sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis. [Result] Different Magnoliaceae species can be distinguished using the LEAFY gene, and there was a length polymorphism found in the 3＋ end of the LEAFY gene, which can be used to divide Magnoliaceae plants of different species or in different genera, thus of high application value. [Conclusion] Most Parakmeria tetraploids are produced by polyploidization of homologous chromosomes, while Parakmeria hexaploids are chiefly produced by both polyploidization of homologous chromosomes and heterologous hybridization.

A new attenuation model of near-fault ground motions with consideration of the hanging wall effect in the Wenchuan earthquake

The hanging wall effect is an important factor that impacts the characteristics of strong ground motions in near-fault areas. Based on a residual analysis of ground motion parameters characterizing the hanging wall effect and in recognition of the nature of the effect, many models have been developed. In this study, after a comprehensive analysis of two existing models, a new model is proposed and used to model the hanging wall effect in horizontal peak ground acceleration （PGAH） and spectral acceleration （SAH） at a period of 0.1s in the Wenchuan earthquake. Finally, comparisons between the modeling results of the hanging wall effect in the Wenchuan earthquake and the results predicted by using Abrahamson and Silva＇s NGA model （AS NGA） indicate that the AS NGA model predicts a much higher hanging wall effect than the model developed in this paper. Furthermore, the AS NGA model predicts a large hanging wall effect even at great distances, while the proposed model more accurately captures the trend of the effect.

Preference of Adult Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang to Different Colors and Trapping Effect of Yellow Sticky Trap

The trapping effects of yellow, blue, green, cyan and white sticky traps on adult Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang were studied in the field during its peak occurrence period. The results showed that yellow sticky trap received the best trapping effect on adult B. odoriphaga, follow by blue and green sticky traps, while cyan and white sticky traps received worse effects. The yellow sticky trap settled at south position was most attractive to adult B. odoriphaga, which had significant differences with tho^e placed at east and north positions （P 〈 0.05 ） ; the yellow sticky trap at hanging height of 0 cm showed significantly higher attractive- ness than those at heights of 20 and 40 cm.