Backward scattering of laser plasma interactions from hundreds-of-joules broadband laser on thick target

The use of broadband laser technology is a novel approach for inhibiting processes related to laser plasma interactions(LPIs).In this study,several preliminary experiments into broadband-laser-driven LPIs are carried out using a newly established hundreds-of-joules broadband second-harmonic-generation laser facility.Through direct comparison with LPI results for a traditional narrowband laser,the actual LPI-suppression effect of the broadband laser is shown.The broadband laser had a clear suppressive effect on both back-stimulated Raman scattering and back-stimulated Brillouin scattering at laser intensities below 1×10^(15) W cm^(−2).An abnormal hot-electron phenomenon is also investigated,using targets of different thicknesses.

Science and Technology Commissioners Supporting High-Quality Development Project for Hundreds of Counties, Thousands of Towns, and Myriads of Villages in the Context of Rural Revitalization

This paper discusses the important role of science and technology commissioners in the high-quality development of hundreds of counties,thousands of towns,and myriads of villages in the context of rural revitalization,including building bridges,accelerating the transformation of achievements,promoting the value-added of the whole agricultural industry chain,and promoting the rapid development of rural industrial economy.It also discusses the working achievements of science and technology commissioners,in order to promote further development of rural revitalization in Guangdong Province.

Exploration of the Evolution of Teacher Roles and Professional Development Needs Among University English Instructors

The role of university English instructors has evolved significantly over the years,encompassing various aspects.This paper explores the evolution of the role of university English instructors and examines the current challenges and opportunities they face in today’s educational landscape.It delves into the multifaceted nature of their responsibilities and discusses the importance of continuous professional development to meet the evolving needs of students and the demands of the profession.

The Work of Instructors for New Socialist Countryside Construction

To meet the wishes and demands of the majority of farmers,it is necessary to steadily build a new socialist countryside,and actively promote urban-rural integration. With the guidance for new countryside construction as an opportunity,this paper studies and explores the working practice of new countryside construction instructors sent by Longyang Agricultural Technique Extension Station for various village committees( or offices) during 2007- 2013. This paper analyzes and summarizes the results achieved and the main problems,and puts forth the corresponding recommendations. The results of the analysis can provide a reference for the instructors to carry out the guiding work for new countryside construction.

Mobile Based Learning and Examination: Students and Instructors Perceptions from Different Arab Countries

The online education market is expanding both globally and locally;Arab countries are paying special attention to the growth of this sector. Reports showed that the e-learning market arrived at $27.1 billion in the year 2009 and is expected to surpass $49.6 billion by the year 2014. This paper presents and surveys the perception of students and instructors regarding mobile learning and mobile examination system in some Arab countries. Many universities in the Arab world are under progress in the implementation of this new technology and many have already implemented it. Strong tools are required to improve e-learning system of education. This research supports the transition of education from conventional methods to m-learning and m-exam systems. The purpose of this research is to study the perception of both instructors and students regarding mobile learning and mobile examination systems. The introduction of such systems to the educational process requires people involved to have basic technical skills and to be aware of the benefits of such systems. Results showed different perspectives from three countries;also showed that online examination systems could be very helpful, but many factors should be considered and they should be implemented carefully to guarantee the successful adoption, fairness and reliability.

Teaching Reform for Mobile Application Development with Industrial Projects,Double Instructors,and Automatic Assessments

Mobile Application Development is a well-known undergraduate specialized course majoring in Computer Science and Software Engineering.Since it is a rapid developing technique and requires extensive project samples to help understand,current teaching mechanism has still limitations in rare real project examples,outdated course contents,and lack of automatic assessment platforms.In order to improve the teaching effects and cultivate students’practical ability,we employ this teaching reform with industrial projects,double instructors,and automatic assessment platform to allow students participating in every course process.We aim to improve students’practical and collaboration ability during conducting the project spontaneously,and cultivate their awareness of self-learning and lifelong learning.Our classroom feedback has demonstrated that this teaching reform is effective on improving students’practical abilities,learning initiatives and comprehensive qualities.

Development and Evaluation of a Competence-BasedExam for Prospective Driving Instructors

According to changed views on driver training and driverintroduced in the Netherlands. The exam consists of two parts： （l）instructor preparation, a competence-based instructor exam wasmultimedia theory tests; （2） a performance lesson for drivinginstruction and coaching. An implicit idea behind the innovated exam is that it can have a positive backwash effect on the quality ofdriver instructor preparation programs. This study aims to evaluate the reliability, validity and fairness of the theoretical tests, whichappear in different versions for successive groups of PDIs （prospective driving instructors）. Data of 4,741 PDIs, enrolled during theperiod between January 2010 and October 2012, were used for analysis. The results of psychometric analyses show that the theory testsyielded reliable and fair decisions about instructor certification. The predictive validity of the theory tests for the final performanceassessment was low. Implications for the design and on-the-fly maintenance of exam item banks are discussed. Follow-up studies willfocus on the question, whether the improved instructor exam produces safer drivers in the end.

Higher Diploma Program in Eitiopian Higher Education:Instructors'Perception and Perceived Practices in Jimma University and Jimma College of Teachers Education

The study investigates the perception and perceived practices of Higher Diploma program(HDP)in the Jimma University and|imma College of teachers'education using a cross-sectional survey design comprised of questionnaire and interviews.The data were collected from 91 instructors,and 3 higher diploma leaders(HDLs)who were selected through lottery sampling and 2 higher diploma coordinators(HDCs)who were selected using availability sampling methods.The finding revealed the importance:of the HDP(M=4.3,SD=0.91)though the perception of the HEI instructors.differ before coming,and after coming to the HDP.Though the study indicated as the trained instructors are applying the knowledge and skill,which they have acquired from the HDP training,the HEIs are not following the actual practices of the training.The study found out that the HE instructors'perception had a significant correlation with the practices of HDP(r=694,p=0.00<0.01)having a moderate effect size(8-0.48).The findings call for the proper implementation of the HDP for the betterment of the program and to achieve the intentions of the HDP.

Research on the Abilities of Community Education Study Tour Instructors

Community education study tour instructors are important action elements of community education tours.It is necessary to sort out the abilities of community education study tour instructors as well as construct a scientific and reasonable professional ability index system for community education study tour instructors,so as to promote the high-quality development of community education as well as the modernization of lifelong education governance system and governance ability.Based on the practice of community education in Jiangsu and the basic theory of pedagogy,this paper puts forward five core vocational abilities of community education,including travel education and teaching ability,curriculum development ability,management and research ability,training and guidance ability,as well as study tour guarantee ability.This paper attempts to sort out the ability of community education study tour instructors through research and analysis.A three-dimensional and multi-dimensional framework of community education instructors’ability has been constructed to provide a path for the professional development of community education study tour instructors.

SCIENTISTS WON THE SUPPORT FROM HUNDREDS OF TALENTS PROGRAM IN 1996

Since the Hundreds, of Talents Program was put into operation at the CAS in 1994, nearly 400 young scholars at home and abroad have participated in the public bidding. Among them, 59 applicants have won the support from the Program as a result of competition based on publicity, equality, fairness and the enrollment of the most outstanding. The followings are profiles of the winners in the program in 1996.

中国全民健身志愿服务:建设成效、制约因素与促进策略

中国现阶段在全民健身志愿服务的建设上取得了一定成效,如制度与法治建设渐趋完善,多口管理的组织体系已基本形成,行业协会建设逐步健全,人才队伍规模也日益扩大等。然而,也存在着一些制约全民健身志愿服务广泛开展的因素,如制度与法治建设滞后于发展需要,保障性不足;多口管理的组织体系协调度不高,容易形成掣肘;行业协会行政化色彩浓厚,自主性偏低;人才队伍的组成结构不平衡,志愿服务率不理想。为了促进全民健身志愿服务广泛开展,一是要重视发展规划设计,健全配套性法律法规;二是要强化多部门协调,创新合作形式;三是要推动行业协会去行政化改革,增强其自主性;四是要优化人才队伍组成结构,提升其志愿服务率。

全球K-12教育创新实践与趋势——来自非营利组织HundrED的研究

各国教育工作者都在积极探索教学方法与模式的创新变革,以保证教育教学工作正常进行。芬兰的非营利性组织HundrED,一直致力于发现、研究和推广全球K-12教育领域富有影响力和可扩展性的教育创新。从2017年开始,HundrED每年定期发布《HundrED全球教育创新集》报告,报告汇集了100项来自世界各地的K-12教育领域最具影响力和可扩展性的教育创新实践。2021年11月,第五份报告《2022年HundrED全球教育创新集》出炉,展示了支持教师专业发展,加强社区和学习环境建设,教授21世纪技能以及强化教育公平、机会和包容方面的实践。对报告进行解析,可帮助我国K-12教育领域工作者把握世界教育发展趋势,开拓教育创新视野,探索教育创新发展路径,以建设更加高质量、和谐、公平的教育体系。

国家天然气(页岩气)千亿立方米级产能基地共建共享模式

国家天然(页岩气)千亿立方米级产能基地建设是保障国家能源安全、支撑区域社会经济加快发展的重大战略。在借鉴油气共建共享成功经验基础上,构建了国家天然气(页岩气)千亿立方米级产能基地共建共享模式,提出了模式实施路径。研究结果表明:①国家天然气(页岩气)千亿立方米级产能基地建设涉及庞大的产业体系与多元主体不同利益诉求,需要以共建共享理念和系统工程思维为指引,立足多元主体与多维度要素协同构建共建共享模式。②模式实施五大路径:强化共建共享顶层战略设计,丰富发展政企共建共享方式,完善企业之间共建共享机制,畅通多元主体沟通协商渠道,健全共建共享应急预警体系。结论认为,该模式以战略视域统筹产能基地建设,能够实现对多元主体利益的有效协同,促进天然气(页岩气)资源开发利用与产业链价值提升,为带动区域社会经济发展并推进共同富裕提供有力支持。

职业教育企业培训师培育的德日经验及启示

《国家职业教育改革实施方案》提出,为打造“双师型”教师队伍,职业院校相关专业教师原则上从具有3年以上企业工作经历并具有高职以上学历的人员中公开招聘。但如何从制度和机制上确保企业人员的准入、使用及专业水平,仍然是我国政策有效落地的实践难题。通过对职业教育发达国家德国企业培训师和日本职业培训指导员培育制度的研究发现,基于法律规定的企业培训师管理办法、促进企业培训师专业发展的培养与培训机制、建立稳定且动态调整的制度保障等经验,为我国优化“双师型”教师队伍建设、提高企业来源教师的专业化水平提供了有益启示:以立法形式确保教师的专业性地位与作用;以培养培训一体化促进教师专业发展;以制度性保障提升教师职业吸引力。

建军百年视域下中国共产党建军精神研究的思考

1927年震惊中外的南昌起义,是中国共产党独立领导武装斗争和创建新型人民军队的标志,也是中国共产党建军精神形成的起点。基于始于南昌起义,历经秋收起义、三湾改编、井冈山工农武装割据、赣南闽西苏区开辟、新泉整训,至古田会议的恢宏建军实践形成的建军精神,是伟大建党精神在大革命失败向土地革命转折时期的丰富发展,属于中国共产党人精神谱系范畴,近年来得到学界聚焦,研究方兴未艾。在中国人民解放军建军100周年即将到来之际,以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和中共中央关于党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验的决议等为指导,全面梳理和深刻总结相关研究得失,进一步深化集中体现党的性质、宗旨、作风和党对军队绝对领导根本原则与制度的建军精神研究,反映了军队历史和军旅文化研究的前沿趋势,对于回答建军百年历史研究的时代之问——建军精神来自哪里?建军精神如何形成的?建军精神内涵和特质是什么?建军精神与伟大建党精神的逻辑关系是什么?建军精神的历史地位和时代价值有哪些?等,有着重要意义和作用。

全科住院医师规范化培训师资开展教学门诊的意愿及影响因素研究

背景全科住院医师规范化培训(以下简称住培)师资开展规范的教学门诊是培养合格全科医生的关键环节,2021年7月中国医师协会组织专家修订了《全科专业住院医师规范化培训全科教学门诊规范(试行)》,全国各全科住培基地均参照此规范开展教学门诊。然而现阶段各住培基地教学门诊的实施仍处于探索阶段,且重视程度不足,教学门诊质量不高、开展形式不规范现象普遍存在。目的了解全科住培师资开展教学门诊的意愿和影响因素,并分析开展教学门诊的难点与困惑,提出思考与建议。方法于2021年10月—2023年11月,以参加广东省省级全科住培普通师资培训班、骨干师资培训班的全科住培师资为调查对象(n=1003)。采用自行设计的问卷对纳入师资进行调查,内容涉及师资的基本情况、工作情况及全科教学门诊带教情况。通过“问卷星”平台制作电子问卷,并实现问卷的线上发放和回收。结果全科师资的平均年龄为(40.7±14.1)岁,724名(72.18%)师资所在机构开设了全科教学门诊,792名(78.96%)有带教意愿,710名(70.79%)无带教经验,904名(90.13%)自评带教能力为60~89分,583名(58.13%)未接受过全科教学门诊师资培训,462名(46.06%)期望以多种类型培训相结合的形式开展师资培训,分别有417名(41.58%)和309名(30.81%)认为全科教学门诊的教学难点是指导全科住院医师在全科门诊独立接诊患者和分层教学,377名(37.59%)认为最难实现的教学目的是指导全科住院医师掌握全科临床思维、提高其临床决策能力,216名(21.54%)认为全科住院医师最需要的培训内容是问诊技巧,456名(45.46%)认为所在机构未开展/不愿意开展教学门诊的原因为缺乏时间。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,所在机构开设全科教学门诊情况、带教经验、自评带教能力、接受全科教学门诊师资培训情况是全科师资教学门诊带教意愿的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论大部分全科住培师资愿意开展全科教学门诊,但存在带教经验、带教培训、带教能力不足等困难。建议优化和规范全科教学门诊、加强全科教学门诊师资的全科理念培训、强化带教激励措施、完善住培师资监督和反馈机制,以提升全科教学门诊质量。

播种密度和深度对机播菠菜发芽和产量的影响

为了确定菠菜机械播种的适宜密度和深度,本试验使用百粒重、发芽率有明显差别的4个菠菜品种‘539A’、‘539B’、‘530’、‘532’,播种前在人工气候箱内测定各个品种种子的发芽率,在青岛市农业科学研究院蔬菜试验基地进行露地播种试验,研究使用简易机械播种时,机械播种密度和深度对菠菜发芽、产量的影响。结果表明:菠菜百粒重小于1.0 g且芽率较高时使用孔径5 mm的播种轮可以得到理想的播种密度,而芽率偏低时需要使用孔径6 mm的播种轮;菠菜百粒重大于1.8 g时需要使用孔径7 mm的播种轮才能获得理想的播种密度。在1.5~3 cm的播种深度内,随着播种深度的增加,菠菜发芽时间延迟、发芽数量减少、产量降低,播种深度1.5 cm时发芽数最多、产量最高。综合比较,使用大粒种子时,1.5 cm是理想的播种深度,播种时还需要根据种子大小选用适宜的播种轮孔径才能得到适宜的密度。理论出苗数和实际出苗数的差别随种子大小、播种深度而变化,还需要进行深入研究。通过研究分析,以期为菠菜播种机械的广泛推广提供指导依据。

全国百优管理案例洞察:思考与展望

系统梳理了2010~2022年全国百优管理案例,采用文献计量分析和内容分析法,对比哈佛案例库的主要数据,从样本企业、案例选题、研究团队等维度进行分析。研究发现,全国百优管理案例在人才培养、产教融合和中国方案三方面具有重要意义,但目前仍存在源自中国管理实践的理论探索较少、研究方法的规范性和科学性不足、案例研究价值认知偏差的问题。并在此基础上提出,现阶段全国百优管理案例作为教学案例,可在方法创新、流程创新和强化使命方面进行改进和加强。

维特·宾纳《唐诗三百首》翻译缘起研究

译者的翻译缘起受制于内部因素和外部因素,译者的诗学追求和政治思想主张与所处时代的诗学风尚和意识形态相互交织,支配着译者对所译文本的选择,同时又对译本在目的语文学系统中的接受和传播产生重大影响。基于译介学理论,以维特·宾纳《唐诗三百首》的翻译缘起为例,通过研究分析维特·宾纳的书信、文章、译本序言、译诗等历史文献,探讨在时代社会文化背景下,译者的诗学主张如何影响对翻译文本的选择。体现译者诗学追求的翻译文本契合时代需要是促成译本在译入语国家成功接受和传播的重要归因。