On Chinese-English Translation of Disease and Syndrome Terms in Shang Han Lun from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory

Shang Han Lun is one of the most famous and important traditional medical books in China,so many translation versions of it have emerged.Based on the comparison of examples taken from two of these translation versions,Young Jie De ' s Shang Han Lun Explained and Huang Hai s Introduction to Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Disease,the paper points out that Nida s Functional Equivalence Theory provides a new idea for the translation of Disease and Syndrome Terms in TCM that literal translation,liberal translation and transliteration can be adopted appropriately to make readers of translation versions understand TCM accurately and easily.

Lun（n=2～36）团簇基态结构的遗传算法研究

利用遗传算法结合经验势研究了Lun（n=2～36）团簇的基态结构.分析了Lun（n=2～36）团簇的基态结构随尺寸的变化规律.计算结果表明,团簇的每个原子的平均结合能和总结合能随团簇尺寸的增大而增大.以总结合能的二阶差分为判据,Lun（n=2～36）团簇的幻数是4,7,13,19,23,26,29,32,34.

Zhang Heng's Seismoscope( 1):Its Emergence

The emergence of Zhang Heng's seismoscope has a profound historical background. This paper intends to explore the formation and material basis of Zhang Heng's scientific thought. It appears that the simple intention of "observing visions and distinguishing good fortune or misfortune"was his motivation to develop the seismoscope. Tracing its historical background,the authors proposed in this paper that the development of this seismoscope started around 128 A. D., and based on perceptual knowledge, two ideas about earthquakes came into being,i. e.,earthquake location could be judged according to the instrument shaking direction, and the earthquake and earth split were essentially different. In the instrument manufacture,Zhang Heng advocated a principle of "making utensils to imitate cosmos". By this principle,the following three problems were readily solved: the seismoscope imitated the response of the suspension system to earthquakes( i. e. natural seismoscope). Technically,the trigger mechanism of the latch was used for reference,and it recorded the physical evidence of earthquake occurrence by an ingenious way of a ball dropping from a dragon's mouth. The solution of these three key problems lead to the emergence of the seismoscope in 132 A. D. and the successful detection of an earthquake in 134 A. D. His invention deepened humanity's knowledge of natural laws, and promoted the development of science and technology in that time and later.

Reconstruction of Mechanical Principles of Zhang Heng's Seismoscope

The difficulties in the reconstruction of Zhang Heng’s Seismoscope come mainly from the lack of understanding of its mechanical principles. Such a discrepancy affects the rational reconstruction of the external form of the seismoscope and the fair assessment of its position in science. In connection with the two basic conjectures on its basic principles over the past hundred years: namely, the suspended pendulum and the upright rod, the authors have conducted a comprehensive study from the viewpoint of modern seismology. In this study, various aspects are involved, such as the properties of the seismoscope, its description in the “History of the Latter Han Dynasty", the structure and movement of the central pillar, historical earthquakes in the Longxi region, earthquake intensity in Luoyang, and modern seismograms from the Luoyang seismic station. The result shows that Zhang Heng’s seismoscope works following a suspended pendulum principle; it is triggered to move by seismic Rayleigh waves; and resonance plays the role of amplification. The long-prevailing conjecture of the upright rod, which was mistakenly called the “inverted pendulum" for a time, is believed to be improper. Both theory and practice show that it cannot be used in a seismoscope and will lead to an irrational reconstruction of the external form.

ZHANG Heng’s Seismometer and Longxi earthquake in AD 134

Longxi earthquake was the only earthquake example, which ZHANG Heng＇s Seismometer had detected. Therefore this event attracted the attention of the academic circle and also served as crucial evidence to examine the rationality of the reconstructed model of the seismometer. But for a long time, owing to the fact that the Jincheng-Longxi earthquake on February 28, AD 138 was mistaken as the event went against the historical records, it was refuted by the researches of both in China and abroad. By making careful textual research of historical records, especially by analyzing the description of Longxi earthquake of Houhan Shu, by studying the historical background exposed by historical literatures at that time, ZHANG Heng＇s biography, his poems and place names of Han Dynasty, by comparing five earthquakes occurred in Qing Dynasty and their attenuation of seismic intensity, the conclusion can be drawn that the Longxi earthquake should take place on December 13, AD 134 （the third year of Yangjia reign）. As a rough assessment, the epicenter was in Tianshui area and the magnitude was about 7. Due to the political corruption and inability to scientifically explain earthquake phenomenon at the end of Eastern Han Dynasty, a tragedy occurred during the later years of ZHANG Heng＇s life that had direct relations with the earthquake successively occurred in AD 133 and AD 134 after invention of seismometer in AD 132. In order to analyze the ground motion at Lingtai caused by the event in AD 134, the digital broad-band seismic records of three Longxi earthquakes in recent years recorded by Luoyang seismic station are used. The numerical modelings are made from three aspects of seismic magnitude definition, digital broad-band seismograms and empirical Green＇s function method. The results have shown that the maximum horizontal displacement at Lingtai is between 6-8 mm, and the maximum acceleration is less than 10^-2 m/s^2. These results have played an important role in quantitative test of the scientific reconstruction model of ZHANG Heng＇s Seismometer.

Evidence-Based Medicine Research on Shanghan Zabing Lun Prescriptions in the Treatment of Endometriosis

Objective: Adopting the methods of Evidence-based Medicine research to acquire the dominant prescriptions of Shanghan Zabing Lun in the treatment of Endometriosis, meanwhile to fully dig the value of classical prescriptions. Method: Firstly, we searched and collected the literatures from last three decades in CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases, which are about classical prescriptions treating endometriosis. Then, by screening all the literatures, we obtained the clinical research literatures and individual case reports. Finally, we went through the internal quality of the two categories of literatures to get the dominant prescriptions. Results: 22 Shanghan Zabing Lun prescriptions have been used in the treatment of endometriosis. According to the clinical research and case literatures, Guizhi Fuling Wan is the prime prescription to treat endometriosis with high quality and high frequency. Conclusions: Through evidence-based medical research and evaluation of evidence, it can be seen that treatment of endometriosis presents a certain tendency that Guizhi Fuling Wan, Wenjing Decoction and Dahuang Zhechong Wan have good clinical effect treating endometriosis and their syndromes are well matched with the symptoms of endometriosis in the present clinical environment.

Discussion about different treatments for the same disease and the same treatment for different diseases of Shanghan Lun

Different treatment for the same disease is that different treatment is based on different pathogenesis namely different syndrome.And the same treatment for different diseases is due to the same pathogenesis in other word the same syndrome.The essence of them is that treatments are based on corresponding syndrome.And the combination of disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation is the precondition of them.Shanghan Lun is the first work about treatment variation based on syndrome differentiation.It contains the principle of them.This paper sets forth them of Shanghan Lun in above-mentioned aspects.

Continuity and Change in Dao Yin:Comparing and Contrasting the Therapeutic Exercises in Yin Shu(The Book of Pulling,c.2nd Century BCE)and Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun(Treatise on the Origins and Manifestations of Various Diseases,610 CE)

The manuscript Yin Shu(The Book of Pulling),excavated from Zhangjiashan Han Tomb No.247,is the earliest surviving text on therapeutic exercise known as Dao Yin(lit.guiding and pulling).Discovered in 1983,this Dao Yin text,together with the drawings of 44 figures performing“guiding and pulling”exercises found in the Mawangdui Han Tomb in 1974,are of great significance to the study of the early history of Dao Yin.Prior to these discoveries,researchers into Dao Yin relied mainly on material found in the Dao Zang(the Daoist Canon),compiled in 1145.This led to their conclusion that Dao Yin was essentially Daoist.The development of Dao Yin reached its zenith during the Sui Dynasty(581–618 CE),when it became one of the three medical departments at the imperial medical education institution.As part of the medical reform of the second Sui Emperor,Yang Di,Dao Yin became the treatment of choice,and the employment of a large number of Dao Yin specialists to the Sui court transformed the state medical service.The compilation of Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun(Treatise on the Origins and Manifestations of Various Diseases)under Yang Di’s decree,incorporated an abundance of resources on Dao Yin,enabling physicians to potentially“prescribe”Dao Yin to their patients.Situating both Yin Shu and Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun in their social and historical contexts,this article analyses their editorial treatments,examines their different objectives,styles,and readerships,and compares the various exercises described in the two texts.It emphasizes the fact that over a period of nearly a thousand years,from the late Warring States(475–221 BCE)to the Sui and Tang periods,Dao Yin was an important medical practice,culminating in its institutionalization by the Sui government.

Discussing the six meridional diseases of Shanghan Lun based on stress theory

As the theoretical source of Traditional Chinese Medicine clinical medicine,Shanghan Lun plays a vital role in guiding the diagnosis and treatment of clinical diseases.Stress is a systemic nonspecific and adaptive response that occurs when the body is stimulated by internal and external environmental factors.This paper discusses the correlation between the three phases of stress containing alarm,resistance,and exhaustion and the three yin and three yang diseases.It was concluded that sanyang diseases were related to the alarm stage and resistance stage,and sanyin diseases were related to the failure stage.The results indicated the essence of diseases of six meridians from the perspective of stress and provided reference for the diagnosis and treatment of six classics diseases.

Transmutation of Cai Lun’s Image

The earliest description of Cai Lun is that of an inventor of papermaking,which is included in historical books such as Dong Guan Han Ji and The Book of the Later Han;later,in his hometown,he was also inked by scholars because of some monuments about him,or the authors used his experience to express their own emotions.Recently,Cai Lun’s image has been clarified in textbooks,literary works,and urban civilization construction and is no longer considered merely a pioneer of papermaking.The development of his historical and literary image derives not only from the need for academic research but also the need to establish the Chinese nationalism and patriotism and promote traditional culture.

Moral Education and the Practical Significance of Xu Heng of the Yuan Dynasty

The moral education of the famous educator and ideologist Xu Heng of the Yuan Dynasty mainly adopts the Neo- Confucianism,and based on naturalness and endowment,he emphasizes the importance of moral education,with the essence of "stressing both ethnics and heavenly principles".As a result,he advocates cultivating one' s own moral character,which bears practical significance for the moral education today.

Zhang Heng's Seismoscope( 2):Historical Materials and Investigation

Historical data regarding Zhang Heng's seismoscope is not singular proof. Actually,the four earliest historical documents,i. e.,Continuation of Historiography of Han Dynasty, Historiography of the Later Han,Book of the Later Han and Ding Record all have relevant records of its structure,size,principle,response to earthquake and actual applications. These five aspects are supported by archaeological research,unearthed cultural relics, historical earthquakes and modern seismological study. These historical materials contain a great deal of specific information about this ancient seismoscope. In conclusion, the authenticity and reliability of Zhang Heng's seismoscope are verified.

Henge——手工艺产品典范

Henge产品都是严格按照手工艺标准在意大利制造的,并没有采用大批量生产线和工业管理制度,由此以来,在意大利制造产品世界中,Henge手工艺仍然是一种独树一帜的宝贵财富,并且与时俱进的保持了与自然的同步。意大利制造的产品代表了一种设计与生产的方式,这种方式备受全世界的赏识和认可。这都源自于众多人的满腔激情、卓越的制造品质和每一处生产细节中都能体现的精雕细琢。

Thin LUN磁盘空间回收问题

笔者单位在启动业务上云后,对原有提系统及设备进行了更新部署,其中采用的H3CONEStor存储系统出现磁盘空间报警问题,笔者联合厂商工程师专家进行了排查。笔者单位在IDC 机房的服务器实施了虚拟化与云计算。整个云平台由6 台惠普ProLiant DL580 Gen9 高配服务器,单台配置为512G内存、4 棵12 核心CPU、2 块600G 的SAS 盘、3 块2T 的SATA 盘、2 块480G 的固态盘,安装部署了新华三公司的云计算管理平台和分布式存储系统,由CAS(CloudAutomation System) 和ONEStor 构成。

Heng Yuan Xiang Released 10/11 A/W Cashmere Collections in Beijing

On July 9th,Heng Yuan Xiang Corporation released its 10/11 A/W Cashmere Collections for Women’s Wear in Beijing.Nearly 200 brand sagents and franchisers from 16 provinces took part in the press conference,looking for their target series for the coming season.

《温疫论》《温热论》外感病中疫病舌象特点

此文通过对《温疫论》《温热论》的研究,以文献分析的方法对外感病疫病舌诊特点进行探析。提出在疫病舌诊中,以舌苔为重的观点。在疫病中,观苔可知感邪轻重,舌苔对邪气的传变感应迅速;强调白苔不尽为寒的思想,在疫病中不能尽断白苔为寒;总结出疫病舌象对病理产物有预示作用,舌象可参与辨证,可在临床上定方论药。对疫病舌诊特点进行探析,不仅可以对临床新发疫病有参考价值,在外感病中,也可以进行鉴别使用。

研习中医经典《伤寒论》,用活经方

经典著作是中医理论的源泉,是传承与创新的基础。《伤寒论》是融医经和经方于一炉,其中的三阴三阳是病理概念,体现了病位、病性、病势和预后。由此确立了理、法、方、药相结合的辨证论治体系,体现了个体化的诊疗方案,并作为中医特色之一沿用至今。由于体质差异,感邪轻重,失治、误治及病症兼杂,使疾病的主证、病机多变,证候之间颇多疑似。如何掌握辨证要点,区分异同,本研究立足《伤寒论》原文,分别从归类“煮后去滓再煎”方证,区别经方;运用对偶统一观,比较方证,活用经方;用恒动观,理解方证,巧用经方;同一方证,前后条文对比,解释医理,重认经方;抓病机,妙用经方;鉴别方证,用准经方6个方面入手,从文字论述、先后联系、语境分析、医理推断和逻辑分析方法中,运用归类对比法,在细微之处,区别要领,抓主症和病机,便于掌握及更深层次理解条文,分析方义,培养感悟,活用经方,有效临证。当前中医药事业拥有历史发展过程中最好的外部环境,中医人应抓住机遇,钻经典,勤临证,得奇恒,辨精微,在临证中动态观察脉证,调整方药,加减药味,增减药量,权衡利害,以期达到最佳效果,实现中医药的伟大振兴。

《伤寒论》英译问题研究

基于《伤寒论》6个全译本,从语言、文化、译法三个方面探讨翻译中存在的问题,为今后的中医典籍翻译工作提供参考。研究发现,在语言方面,译本存在因译者对原文术语理解不准确、编辑排版不细致等原因导致的疏漏;在文化层面,主要表现为漏译一些术语所蕴含的中国文化;在译法方面,主要涉及音译依赖和文化过滤不足。建议今后组建跨学科翻译团队和平台克服以上问题,使中医典籍英译真正起到传播中国优秀传统文化的重要作用。