A Study of Classification of Figures and Sizes for Middle-and Old-Aged Men

The characteristics of human figurcs, variable laws and the basic sizes of each part of human body have been fouad by means of anthropometric measurements of the middle-and old-aged men and data analyses. Also,proposals of how to classify dimensions and sizes of the medium hunan figures among the middle-and old-aged men have been put forward.

Survey for late-onset hypogonadism among old anti middle-aged males in Shanghai communities

This study sought to investigate late-onset hypogonadism （LOH） in old and middle-aged males in Shanghai communities, using symptom score evaluation systems and measurements of sex hormone levels. One thousand cases of males aged 40-70 years were investigated. The aging male symptoms （AMS） scale and androgen deficiency in aging males （ADAM） questionnaire were used at the beginning of the investigation, followed by measurement of the sex hormone-related factors （total testosterone （TT）, free testosterone （fT）, sex hormone-binding globulin （SHBG） and bioavailability of testosterone （Bio-T））. There were 977 valid questionnaires. The LOH-positive rates shown by AMS and ADAM were 59.88% and 84.65%, respectively; values increased with the age of the patients. There were 946 results related to sex hormone measurements, which showed the following results： TT was not related to aging （P〉O.05）; levels of SHBG increased with age; and fT and Bio-T decreased with age. There was a significant difference in fT between LOH-positive and LOH-negative patients, as shown by the ADAM. In summary, TT levels were not related to aging, even though SHBG did increase while fT and Bio-T decreased with aging. Clinically, the diagnosis of LOH cannot be based on serum TT level.

Influencing factors analysis of spontaneous knee joint osteoarthritis among middle aged and old aged pople in Xi'an

Objective:To explore the prevalence rate of knee joint osteoarthritis and its pathogenetic fea- tures among the middle-aged and old aged people in the urban and rural area of Xi'an.Methods:From May to October 2005,1538 Han nationality above 40 years in Xi'an were investigated according to strati- fied and cluster random sampling.The same questionnaire was delivered to subjects who had been given normotopia and lateral position radiographic examination in both knees.Excluded from etiological arthri- tis,some subjects with clinical symptoms and a radiographic grade (beyond Kellgren & Lawrence gradeⅡ) were finally diagnosed as spontaneous knee joint osteoarthritis.All analyses were performed with SPSS 13.0 and t test,U test.Single factor analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to analyze dates.Results:The total prevalence of spontaneous knee joint osteoarthritis was 12.1% with 2.5% and 2.1% for right and left knees,respectively.The prevalence of knee joint osteoarthritis in wom- en was 2.5 times of that in men (17.2% vs 6.8%,P=0.000).the osteophyte prevalence in women was 2.3 times of that in men (26.5% vs 11.4%,P=0.000).The prevalence of knee joint osteoarthritis and osteophyte increased with the growth of age.So did the symptomatic knee,except for the age group of 56- 60 years and 66-70 years.The prevalence of symptomatic knee joint for urban area was significantly higher than that for rural area (56.3% vs 45.3%,P=0.003).In women,the prevalence of knee joint os- teoarthritis increased significantly with the increasing of body mass index,which had not been observed in men.Female and obesity are the risk factors for osteoarthritis,but bean and its products and meat could prevent the osteoarthritis.Conclusion:Old age,female and obesity serve as risk factors for knee joint os- teoarthritis.

Spatial-temporal Characteristics and Factors Influencing Commuting Activities of Middle-class Residents in Guangzhou City, China

The middle class in metropolitan Chinese cities has become an important social group. With the rapid development of urbanization and constant advancement of suburbanization, the middle class has increasingly come to influence city traffic. Research into middle-class commuting activities thus has practical significance for improving traffic congestion and reducing the commuting burden in metropolitan cities. Based on a dataset formed by 816 completed surveys, this paper analyzes the commuting mode, time and distance of middle-class residents in Guangzhou City using the descriptive statistical method. The results indicate that private cars are the main commuting mode, followed by public transport. Meanwhile, middle-class residents mainly undertake medium-short time and medium-short distance commuting. The study subsequently uses multilevel logistic regression and multiple linear regression models to analyze the factors that influence commuting mode choice, time and distance. The gender, age, number of family cars, housing source and jobs-housing balance are the most important factors influencing commuting mode choice; housing, population density, jobs-housing balance and commuting mode significantly affect commuting time; and transport accessibility, jobs-housing balance and commuting mode are the notable factors affecting commuting distance. Finally, this paper analyzes what is affecting the commuting activities of middle-class residents and determines the differences in commuting activity characteristics and influence factors between middle-class and ordinary residents. Policy suggestions to improve urban planning and urban management are also proposed.

Relationship between Waist Circumference, Waist-Height Ratio, Body Fat Percentage, Visceral Fat and Bone Mineral Density in Middle-Aged and Elderly Zhuang of China

Objective: To understand the correlation between different degrees of obesity and bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: 772 cases (300 men and 472 females) of Zhuang over 40 years old were randomly selected. The BMD and T score were calculated by measuring the right heel bone using a quantitative-ultrasound densitometer. Body composition index of body weight, waist circumference (WC), waist height ratio (WtHR), body fat percentage (BFP) and visceral fat (VF) were measured using a bioelectrical impedance method. Results: The BMI, WC, and WtHR of the male osteoporosis group were lower than those of the normal bone mass (NBM) group (P Conclusion: BMI is positively correlated with BMD in Zhuang. BFP has a greater correlation with female BMD, and a small reduction in BFP can result in a significant decrease in BMD. BMD of male was positively correlated with abdominal obesity indicators (WC, WtHR, VF). However, abdominal obesity has no obvious effect on the promotion of BMD in women, and increased WtHR can lead to a decrease in BMD. Zhuang can appropriately increase the amount of fat within the normal weight range. At the same time, reasonable exercise and balanced nutrition to avoid excessive obesity or low body weight can reduce the incidence of osteoporosis and osteoporosis fractures.

Analysis of the Variations of Body Build of Middle-and Old-aged and Research on the Prototype

The characteristics of body build of middle - and old -aged women and its rule of variations as well as the basic sizes of various parts are discussed. All these are based on the body measurements of this age group, and also on the statistical studies of the measurement data. By setting the regression equation, the calculating formulae of various control parts are obtained, thus establishing the prototype of this age group for women.

The Consumption Practices and Identity Formation of the Chinese Middle Class in the Media Era

During the past 40 years following the reform and opening-up policy of 1978,China’s social structure has seen great changes,which include the birth and rapid development of the Chinese middle class as a derivative and consequence of modernization.They are the main source of consumption in contemporary China and display unique characteristics in their consumption practices.Consumption is not only a daily practice,but also a means of demonstrating and forming identity.In this media era,media play an important role in people’s consumption practices and identity formation.In this study,semi-structured interviews were carried out with members of the Chinese middle class to study the relationship between consumption,identity,and media through their oral accounts.Moreover,problems,including the characteristics of middle-class consumption practices and how they use consumption to form identity,were analyzed.This study not only complements studies on the sociology of consumption of the Chinese middle class,but also is of great practical significance for deepening our understanding of the behavioral and ideological characteristics of the Chinese middle class.

Marketing Factors Affecting Middle Class Consumer’s Buying Decision in Housing Market in Nanning City

It is important to study the relationship between marketing factors and purchase decisions of middle-class consumers in Nanning housing market.This study will investigate the factors influencing people decision to purchase houses in Nanning City.The extrinsic housing attributes at this study consist of environmental attributes and location attributes.I have a limited understanding of the purchase behavior of Nanning home buyers in Nanning City.This study adopts the data collection methods of e-mail and field survey.Based on 509 questionnaires,the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics analysis and logistic regression.The results show that location attributes,such as school districts,positively influence housing purchase decisions in Nanning City.This study contributes to an improved understanding of home buyers’decision making in Nanning City.The beneficiaries of this study include home buyers and marketers and academic institutions.To better meet home buyers’needs and achieve a competitive advantage,marketers can use the research outcomes to focus more on those housing purchase factors that significantly influence house buyers’purchase decision making.

A Study On the Structural Dimension of Middle Class Relational Identification in Chinese Context

Through in-depth interviews,this study makes an exploratory study on the dimension of the middle class relational identification in Chinese context by using the grounded theory.It is mainly composed of 4 dimensions:relational orientation,relational adaptation,relational evaluation and relational development.According to the four dimension model of middle class relational identification,the middle class relational identification in China is the cognitive and behavioral orientation that in the action of achieving a certain purpose,because of the perception of consistence with each other in role cognition and personal cognition,the middle class is willing to unite and trust,respect and understand and coordinate the conflict to adapt to this relationship,and then to form a positive evaluation of the relationship and a sense of belonging and commitment to this relationship.The construction of the structural dimension of middle class relational identification in China is conducive to explaining the endemic phenomena of Chinese middle class.

White Collar:The Middle Classes

White Collar:The American Middle Classes is a famous book written by Mills,C.Wright.In this book,Mills gave a description of the emergence of a"new class",the white-collar workers,during that age in US.He also mentioned about their life styles and their political consciousness.This thesis is to compare the different definitions of middle class in China and in US,and comment on the life styles and the political consciousness of the white collars in China.

Factors associated with financial support in old age for young and middle-aged rural residents in China

This study examined the factors associated with financial support in old age from three primary mechanisms-personal savings,family support,and social insurance-to explore the implications for the future development of China's rural social welfare system.Cross-sectional surveys of 1392 young and middle-aged rural residents were conducted in July and August2012.The results showed that while social insurance was increasingly acceptable,personal savings and family support still had fundamental value.Combining the three mechanisms,the rural old-age welfare system presented nontraditional features.China's new rural endowment insurance is discussed as a means to address the need for financial support among the rural aging population.

Research on Situational Teaching of Junior Middle English Class from the Perspective of Life-orientation

The regression of instruction to life raises as a developmental tendency of course reform among the world. Emphasis on the connection between instruction and students' lives has become an important aspect of curriculum reform. The student learner's role and the development of students' potentials in their lives also have been emphasized; all these conceptions provide broad space for the implementation of life-orientation of instruction. Situational teaching emphasizes that students should be regarded as the nucleus of the class. Through acquiring knowledge by themselves, they can bear the knowledge in their mind and improve their communicating ability. The teaching activity should always obey the rule of students centered and teacher aided and make sure that the teaching atmosphere can be kept in an authentic situation. And the most important thing that will be talked about is how to apply situational teaching in Junior Middle English Class.

成为好爸爸:城市中产家庭养育模式的变迁与新“父职”实现路径

随着社会转型与发展,父职参与在延续传统的同时亦经历着变迁。通过对上海中产家庭父母进行的参与式观察以及深度访谈发现,城市中产阶级男性的父职参与正在经历从被动到主动转变的过程:一方面是受到社会文化、教育环境的影响,另一方面他们从个人成长历程和工作的意义出发进行了反身性思考和实践。在这个过程中,男性作为父亲的主体性得以浮现,懂得了“为何做父亲”“如何做父亲”。

中老年肠道炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤临床病理及预后特点

目的探讨中老年肠道炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤(inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours,IMT)的临床病理及预后特点。方法回顾性分析5例中老年肠道IMT的临床、病理形态、免疫表型及随访结果。结果4例IMT发生在右半结肠,1例在回肠。3/5患者有肠道损伤史,首发消化道症状且白细胞增高。瘤组织由梭形肌纤维母细胞和纤维母细胞构成,席纹状排列,浸润性生长,伴较多淋巴细胞、浆细胞浸润,可见胶原化及黏液水肿。其中一例异型性明显,核大且畸形。免疫表型:瘤细胞vimentin(5例)、SMA(5例)、desmin(3例)、ALK(3例)、CK(2例)阳性,Caldesmon、CD34、β-catenin、MC、CD117、DOG1、S-100、BCL-2、CD99、CD68均阴性,Ki-67增殖指数1.28%~10.01%。5例均完整切除肿瘤,随访53~137.5个月,其中1例83岁患者,于术后27个月影像学考虑肿瘤复发;另一例术后无瘤生存122个月,因其他原因去世;其余均无瘤生存,基本状况良好。结论(1)本组中老年肠道IMT多见于右半结肠,多有肠道损伤史,多首发消化道症状,白细胞多升高;(2)Vimentin和SMA同时阳性,多伴ALK阳性;(3)4/5的患者手术切除治疗效果好,1/5的患者术后2~3年可复发;高龄且ALK阳性、Ki67达10%、异型性明显很有可能是中老年肠道IMT复发的重要危险因素,其中ALK阳性者复发的风险或许为1/3。

17-18世纪朝鲜王朝委巷文人诗社考辨

委巷文人是一个与两班文人相对的概念,构成较为复杂,既有来自朝鲜朝中人阶层的译官、医官、画员等,也有来自于最底层的奴婢、胥吏等。学界认为,17-18世纪委巷文人诗社主要有:枕流台诗社、三清洞诗社、洛社、松石园诗社,但以上并非皆可称为诗社。其中枕流台诗社当改为枕流台唱酬;三清洞诗社当改为三清洞诗会;洛社虽非严格意义上的诗社,但是初具诗社的雏形,可以继续沿用该名称;松石园诗社是朝鲜王朝第一个正式的委巷文人诗社。委巷文人通过社集的方式联络感情、寻找阶层归属感,亦编撰了委巷诗人诗选,委巷文人社会力量的壮大与社集密不可分。

公权还是私利:中产阶层业主抗争的实践样态与本质诉求

随着大规模城市改造和住房商品化进程的持续推进,“业主抗争”作为一种新兴的社会现象日益引起学界的广泛关注。从“冲突—阶层”视角来看,中产阶层业主抗争与以公共权益维护为旨向的“业主维权”具有本质上的诉求差异。通过对中产阶层社区业主抗争行动背后的主观意志和目标导向的检视,可以发现其隐藏在“反应性诉求”外衣下的“竞争性诉求”的内核,而“分利集团”才是抗争业主群体的本质属性。其抗争争取的是个人私利,而非业主的公共权益,甚至他们对“私利”的争取是以牺牲“公权”为代价的。对于中产阶层业主抗争实践的分析,有助于在对中产阶层的社会稳定功能寄予厚望的同时保持审慎的理性。

生活革命背景下的都市新民俗:中产人群的健身消费

随着经济的快速增长和城市化社会的来临,当代中国发生了大规模的生活革命。迅速崛起的都市新中产人群成为新生活方式的代表,由他们所引领的生活革命不仅表现在日常基本需求的变革上,更体现在对新型都市生活的形塑上。各大城市遍地开花的健身房不仅是锻炼身体的功能性场所,更成为中产人群彰显身份认同、构建生活方式、获取情感支持的重要空间,并因其被赋予的意义而形成了都市新民俗。基于此,从“生活革命”的视角重新审视商业性健身房这一以中产人群为主要消费群体的空间,分析健身消费作为都市新民俗的特点及意义,对于进一步挖掘生活革命的广阔内涵、理解我国新时代的都市生活具有重要的启发。