Different ideas about things

In some ways, people all over the world are similar. They eat,they sleep, they work, they play, they laugh, and they cry. But inother ways they are quite different. The way they look at the worldis different. Their points of view differ. Look at the two pointsof view expressed in the following conversation:

Uniformity principle of temperature difference field in heat transfer optimization

The uniformity principle of temperature difference field is very useful in heat exchanger analyses and optimizations.In this paper, we analyze some other heat transfer optimization problems in the thermal management system of spacecrafts,including the cooling of thermal components, the one-stream series-wound heat exchanger network, the volume-to-point heat conduction problem, and the radiative heat transfer optimization problem, and have found that the uniformity principle of temperature difference field also holds. When the design objectives under the given constraints are achieved, the distributions of the temperature difference fields are uniform. The principle reflects the characteristic of the distribution of potential in the heat transfer optimization problems. It is also shown that the principle is consistent with the entransy theory. Therefore, although the principle is intuitive and phenomenological, the entransy theory can be the physical basis of the principle.

Cultural Differences In Politeness Principle Between China and English-speaking Countries

There are many cultural differences in China and English-speaking Countries .They will cause communication problems if you don’t know them. This paper states one of them—the differences in politeness principle. And it helps people communicate properly when you are in different cultural background.

Study of the Politeness Principle in Chinese and English cultures

This thesis attempts to make a comparative study of politeness between English and Chinese cultures.Politeness Can be realized in a number of ways,among which the use of language is an important one.With the development of pragmatics in the past years,language is used to show-politeness and also the differences between different languages and cultures.

A Comparative Study of Politeness Principle in Chinese and English Language and Culture

Politeness is the badge of human civilization,and a significant criterion to human society activity; politeness,as a social phenomenon,is the imperative tool and method to maintain human relation in perfect harmony; politeness is a kind of social conventions,it lays certain restraints on all the social members. From ancient to modern times,either in East or West,people always attach great importance to politeness. To save face of the speaker or the hearer,politeness is of considerable practical significance in the conversation. As a matter of fact,its value can never be underestimated. However,due to different historical,lingual and cultural backgrounds,different societies may have different criteria to politeness. And this leads to some problems such as misunderstandings and embarrassments in cross-cultural or intercultural communication. In order to solve these problems,many scholars and linguists at home and abroad have proposed different principles of politeness so far. The author aims to make a comparative study on politeness principles between Chinese and English language and cultures. Analyzing the differences can help to remove the communicative barrier encountered by people who come from different countries with different cultural backgrounds and effectively promote further mutual understanding and cross-cultural communication.

THE VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES OF COUPLED SYSTEMS IN PHOTOELASTICITY

This paper presents an energy principle, zero different principle of coupledsystems in photoelasticity, from which the potential energy, the complementary energy,generalized potential energy and generalized complementary energy variationalprinciples of the coupled systems in photoelasticity are derived What is called the coupled systems means that two deformational bodies, forwhich figures, sizes,loads and boundary conditions are the same and they are all inactual states but they are made of different materials.Prototype body and model body in photoelasticity are essentially the coupledsystems, therefore the above principles become the theoretical basis of defining theinflunce of Poissons ratio v on accuracy of the frozen-stress method.

Maximum modulus principle estimates for one dimensional fractional diffusion equation

We present scheme I for solving one-dimensional fractional diffusion equation with variable coefficients based on the maximum modulus principle and two Grunwald approxima- tions. Scheme II is obtained by using classic Crank-Nicolson approximations in order to improve the time convergence. Schemes are proved to be unconditionally stable and second-order accuracy in spatial grid size for the problem with order of fractional derivative belonging to [（√17- 1）/2, 2] using the maximum modulus principle. A numerical example is given to confirm the theoretical analysis result.

DEVIATION OF THE ERROR ESTIMATION FOR VOLTERRA INTEGRO-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

In this paper, we study an efficient asymptotically correction of a-posteriori er- ror estimator for the numerical approximation of Volterra integro-differential equations by piecewise polynomial collocation method. The deviation of the error for Volterra integro- differential equations by using the defect correction principle is defined. Also, it is shown that for m degree piecewise polynomial collocation method, our method provides O（hm＋l） as the order of the deviation of the error. The theoretical behavior is tested on examples and it is shown that the numerical results confirm the theoretical part.

First-principles investigation on ideal strength of B2 NiAl and NiTi alloys

For B2 NiAl and NiTi intermetallic compounds, the ideal stress–strain image is lack from the perspective of elastic constants. We use first-principles calculation to investigate the ideal strength and elastic behavior under the tensile and shear loads. The relation between the ideal strength and elastic constants is found. The uniaxial tension of NiAl and NiTi along <001> crystal direction leads to the change from tetragonal path to orthogonal path, which is driven by the vanishing of the shear constant C(66). The shear failure under {110}{111} shear deformation occurring in process of tension may result in a small ideal tensile strength(~ 2 GPa) for NiTi. The unlikeness in the ideal strength of Ni Al and Ni Ti alloys is discussed based on the charge density difference.

High-order maximum-principle-preserving and positivity-preserving weighted compact nonlinear schemes for hyperbolic conservation laws

In this paper,the maximum-principle-preserving(MPP)and positivitypreserving(PP)flux limiting technique will be generalized to a class of high-order weighted compact nonlinear schemes(WCNSs)for scalar conservation laws and the compressible Euler systems in both one and two dimensions.The main idea of the present method is to rewrite the scheme in a conservative form,and then define the local limiting parameters via case-by-case discussion.Smooth test problems are presented to demonstrate that the proposed MPP/PP WCNSs incorporating a third-order Runge-Kutta method can attain the desired order of accuracy.Other test problems with strong shocks and high pressure and density ratios are also conducted to testify the performance of the schemes.

A High Order Accurate Bound-Preserving Compact Finite Difference Scheme for Two-Dimensional Incompressible Flow

For solving two-dimensional incompressible flow in the vorticity form by the fourth-order compact finite difference scheme and explicit strong stability preserving temporal discretizations,we show that the simple bound-preserving limiter in Li et al.(SIAM J Numer Anal 56:3308–3345,2018)can enforce the strict bounds of the vorticity,if the velocity field satisfies a discrete divergence free constraint.For reducing oscillations,a modified TVB limiter adapted from Cockburn and Shu(SIAM J Numer Anal 31:607–627,1994)is constructed without affecting the bound-preserving property.This bound-preserving finite difference method can be used for any passive convection equation with a divergence free velocity field.

Pragmatics Study of Politeness and Cultural Difference

This paper aims at study the politeness in the pragmatic framework and reviews the main studies of politeness by western and Chinese scholars.Meanwhile,the writer tries to reveal the cultural difference existing in politeness by comparative study of western and Chinese language.

A Socio-pragmatic Analysis of Gender Differences in Gossip Girl

The paper employs the method of discourse analysis to analyze males' and females' differences in cross-gender conversations in Gossip Girl from the perspective of Searle's Indirect Speech Act Theory, Grice's Cooperative Principle, and Leech's Politeness Principle. The study found that females tend to abide by Cooperative Principle, while males are more likely to fl out the CP, and that female characters are used to making requests or suggestions by raising question in a euphemistic way; while males concern less about courtesy, women always attach a great deal of importance to saving others' face in daily conversation. The paper contributed to reducing misunderstanding in cross-gender communication.

The Impact of Unrealized Foreign Exchange Differences for Accounting and Taxation

The present study is intended to be an analysis of the main Romanian legal provision in what concerns the impact of foreign exchange differences and potential consequences at the level of financial statements for companies. In Romanian legislation, the issue of the foreign exchange differences is treated at a general level： these are recognized as a profit and loss item and as a consequence, they are included in the taxable base when booked in the accounting. Our legislation does not provide for specific treatments depending on the ＇realization momenf＇ of these differences or depending on the conditions for recognizing a gain/loss from foreign exchange differences. For the unrealized exchange differences arising from the application of accounting rules on monthly assessment of foreign currency monetary items, there is not a specific event or transaction to determine income or expenditure. This monthly review depending on the National Bank of Romania [BNR] foreign exchange rate valid on the last day of the month aims to bring closer to reality the financial position of an entity. The exchange rate is a monetary policy item set by the central bank and may be influenced by various factors such as： monetary policy of the BNR; inflation target objectives and rate of exchange stabilization or reduction efforts, as is the case of BNR in the last years to fulfill EU criteria for adoption of the EURO; periodical influences of speculative capitals on the exchange rate level; economic status and especially exports and imports. However, a taxpayer should not be charged unless there is evidence of the ＂economic enrichment＂ thereof. However, this enrichment, seen as a rising economic value of the company, depends on the perspective from which is seen： the owner of the company or the tax authorities. The exchange differences impact also the value of the owners＇ equity for which a minimum level is requested under the commercial company law. In case of negative values, this triggers various risks at the level of the continuity principle or even endangers the existence of the company.

Cultural Differences in C-E Translation of Advertisements

As china's reform and opening up and the gradual establishment of market economy, we have been setting up more and more contact with the whole world. However, cultural difference is an obstacle for both sides. In order to communicate more convenient with western countries, translation is a necessary tool. With translation, we can do business more directly with other countries, improving our fame and comprehensive national strength. But if you want foreigners to purchase your products you have to translate your advertisement slogan which can make foreigners understand the advantages of your products. We can find that the slogan of an ad is often composed of only few words. But what it expresses is profound and lasting. When compile slogans, many rhetoric devices are used. Such as simile、repetition、parallelism and exaggeration.

On the Differences of Compliment and its Response in English and Chinese

Compliment and its response is a special speech act which is broadly used in interpersonal communications. It is used to maintain and enhance the addressee’s face or support the addressee’s opinion. Compliments are rich in both English and Chinese. However, affected by cultural differences, social status, gender, age, etc., there are many differences of compliment and its response between English and Chinese. Therefore, this paper tries to compare and analyze these differences.

An Analysis of Cultural Differences and Brand Name’s Translation

With the development of society and economy,the trend of economic globalization has become unavoidable.The competition of the global trend is acute.A good brand name is vital for building the necessary bond between an organization and its consumers.The paper aims to analyze a large number of brand names and their influences,coupled with the cultural differences,translation theories,and business value.Then conclude some effective brand names translation principles and techniques to help enterprises to promote their products.

A Comparative Analysis on Communicative Culture Difference between Chinese and English

In this study,the similarities and differences between Chinese and English cultures in pragmatic principles are discussed theoretically based on Leach’s politeness principle and Gu Yueguo’s pragmatic principle.some related examples about the tact pragmatic differences between Chinese and English are cited and comparatively analyzed,and then the in-depth reasons for the emergence of this phenomenon are proposed based on different cultural backgrounds.In cross-cultural communication,a thorough understanding and reasonable use of pragmatic principles can help people avoid pragmatic failures and also create a friendly,harmonious communication atmosphere.

On Gender Difference of Language in Emma

Many findings suggest that gender has a great influence on the using of language. The thesis attempts to discuss the gender difference of language in Emma by analyzing certain selected sections of the novel from the perspective of, lexicon, syntax,and discourse with the knowledge of linguistics and pragmatics, so as to draw a general conclusion on the gender difference in lexicon, syntax, and in the application of conversational principles. Through the analysis of gender difference of language in Emma,the thesis expects to help the readers acknowledge the difference in women's speech and men's speech, so as to reduce the barriers of cross-gender communication, and promote the harmonious communication between men and women.

基于炮制原理研究《中国药典》炒桃仁标准的合理性

目的:在“杀酶保苷”的基础上,进一步探究《中华人民共和国药典》(以下简称《中国药典》)2020年版炒桃仁的炮制原理。方法:采用高效液相色谱法探究桃仁炒制过程中苦杏仁苷的变化规律,测色计测定桃仁炒制中明度指数(L^(*))、红绿指数(a^(*))、黄蓝指数(b^(*))的变化;利用多元回归分析方法探索桃仁炮制过程中色差与其苦杏仁苷含量变化的相关性。结果:桃仁燀后再炒,至见焦斑,D-苦杏仁苷含量显著增加,L-苦杏仁苷含量下降,总苦杏仁苷含量基本一致;再炒,焦斑明显时D-苦杏仁苷含量下降。不同炒制程度桃仁中D-苦杏仁苷含量与a^(*)值呈显著正相关,与b^(*)值呈显著负相关。结论:燀桃仁微炒促进L-苦杏仁苷向D-苦杏仁苷转化,使D-苦杏仁苷含量增加,D-苦杏仁苷的含量会逐渐降低,故应避免炮制过度;桃仁炮制过程中颜色改变与其有效成分含量变化具有相关性;《中国药典》2020年版中关于炒桃仁性状描述及含量测定限度规定合理,符合炮制目的,有助于保证炒桃仁饮片的质量。