Peaceful Development for Domestic Stability and Global Cooperation

PEACEFUL development is a main principle of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and China’s basic position as a participant in international affairs. Peaceful development is the CPC’s fundamental prediction for the theme of our time. The CPC has always held that scientific observation and analysis of the characteristics of our time, as well as the correct assessment and mastery of that theme, are the basis for formulating domestic and foreign policies.

A Review on the Evolution of Europe＇s Methods to Exert Influence on The Palestinian-Israeli Peace Process

This review will assist to understand the evolution of Europe＇s methods to exert influence on the Palestinian-lsraeli peace process specifically from 1973 to 2015. Moreover, it was also noted that this will be essential in recognizing the evolution of European foreign policies. This study assists to understand the evolution of approaches agreed by the Europe since 1973 until present or 2015. This study focuses on the various approaches of actors from the civil society, private sector involved in the conflict between the Palestine and Israel. Moreover, this study will assist in understanding the evolution of Europe＇s methods and policies in the peace process between Israel and Palestine. Subsequently, this study focuses on the significance of non-state actors in the peace process between Palestine and Israel. This study clearly highlights the various strategies adopted by the Europe foreign policies in the conflict between Palestine and Israel. This study also highlights to what extent European foreign policy has assisted in the peace process between Israel and Palestine. This study would be useful to understand the effectiveness of European foreign policies in the peace process.

Implementing the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement: A Case Study of the Vhembe West District, South Africa

This qualitative study was undertaken to investigate how district officials implemented Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement in the Vhembe West District in South Africa.Interview data were collected and used for themes identification.The study identified the following challenges that the district officials experienced as they performed their duties:insufficient resources,lack of finances to buy learning and teaching support materials,infrastructure failures,the district’s inadequate support to schools,shortage of district officials in certain disciplines,unclear roles,lack of collaboration,unavailability of followup visits,the shortage of computers for the district officials and teacher support materials,bribery and corruption of selling principalship posts,slow filling of district officials posts,and inappropriate skills for school management and leadership.The study concluded that qualified district officials should be appointed,ongoing support from the Department of Basic Education and provision of resources in ensuring smooth curriculum implementation is needed,and bribery and corruption should be stopped when school principal appointments are made.This study also concludes that the district officials should be continuously capacitated so that they should be able to meet curriculum challenges,and the Department of Basic Education should speed up the curriculum delivery by ensuring that the vacancies are filled up.

印度对海合会国家实施“西联”政策的动因、路径与限度

印度与海合会国家同为印度洋海域的重要经济体,经贸、能源、侨汇构成了双方传统伙伴关系中的三大支柱。在世界变局加速演进的时代背景下,印度莫迪政府对印度国际地位进行再定位,志在由“平衡型大国”成长为“领导型大国”,也将战略布局从“直接周边”延伸至“扩展周边”,更在外交风格上从“谨慎参与”转变为“积极有为”。在对国际格局、地区局势、国家发展愿景进行综合战略考量、继承“考底利耶主义”传统外交理念的基础上,莫迪政府延续和发展了“西向”政策并提出“西联”政策,将位处“扩展周边”的海合会国家置于“西联”政策的优先位置。印度对海合会国家实施“西联”政策的战略意图清晰、成果显著,以首脑外交引领印海战略伙伴关系提质升级;以能源合作奠定双方战略合作基础;以投资经贸合作推进双方经济改革转型;以防务安全合作提供地区安全治理的有效路径;以人文交流深化印海民意基础。然而,印度外交“多向结盟”策略的投机性、“印度优先”原则的狭隘性、“领导型大国”综合实力不足以及印度教民族主义意识形态极端化等诸多因素,将对“西联”政策的长期有效性构成挑战和制约。

十八军研究室的设立及其历史贡献

十八军研究室,是1950年十八军进藏时为解放西藏特设的决策机构,是当时全国绝无仅有的一个设在军级单位的研究室,它担负了调研康藏地区基本情况、为解放西藏出谋划策的重要任务,为当时的政治和军事决策提供了准确的信息保障和重要的决策建议。该机构虽然仅存7个多月,但为西藏和平解放作出了巨大贡献。在研究室存在期间,其客观分析了当时西藏社会基本情况和西藏上层人士的特点和作用,为中国共产党团结西藏上层人士提供了重要决策思路;提出的“和平解放,暂维原状”思路,为“西藏模式”提供了思想资源和路径参考。今天,研究本段历史及其决策模式,可为新时代党的西藏工作提供一定参鉴。

和亲政策在中华民族共同体意识形成过程中的作用

和亲政策是我国民族关系史上的一项重要政策。它为中华民族共同体意识的形成、发展构筑了多元的历史基础。和亲政策延续两千多年,创造了一个相对稳定的政治环境,巩固了大一统局面,促进了中华民族政治共同体意识的形成。在此基础上,和亲政策使各民族地区经济、文化沟通日益密切,民族融合更深、更广,有利于中华民族经济共同体意识和文化共同体意识的形成。同时,在此过程中,独特的和亲文化得以孕育,积淀了各民族共同珍视和共享的文化符号,汇聚着铸牢中华民族共同体意识的群众力量。

The Regional Climate Effects of Replacing Farmland and Re-greening the Desertification Lands with Forest or Grass in West China

The West Development Policy being implemented in China causes significant land use and land cover (LULC) changes in West China, of which the two most important types of LULC change are replacing farmland and re-greening the desertification land with forest or grass. This paper modifies the prevailing regional climate model (RCM) by updating its lower boundary conditions with the up-to-date satellite database of the Global Land Cover Characteristics Database (GLCCD) created by the United States Geological Survey and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. The modified RCM is used to simulate the possible regional climate changes due to the LULC variations. The preliminary results can be summarized as that the two main types of LULC variation, replacing farmland and greening the desertification lands with forest or grass in west China, will affect the regional climate mostly in northwest and north China, where the surface temperature will decrease and the precipitation will increase. The regional climate adjustments in South, Southwest China and on the Tibet Plateau are uncertain.

The Statistical Significance Test of Regional Climate Change Caused by Land Use and Land Cover Variation in West China

The West Development Policy being implemented in China is causing significant land use and land cover （LULC） changes in West China. With the up-to-date satellite database of the Global Land Cover Characteristics Database （GLCCD） that characterizes the lower boundary conditions, the regional climate model RIEMS-TEA is used to simulate possible impacts of the significant LULC variation. The model was run for five continuous three-month periods from 1 June to 1 September of 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, and 1997, and the results of the five groups are examined by means of a student t-test to identify the statistical significance of regional climate variation. The main results are： （1） The regional climate is affected by the LULC variation because the equilibrium of water and heat transfer in the air-vegetation interface is changed. （2） The integrated impact of the LULC variation on regional climate is not only limited to West China where the LULC varies, but also to some areas in the model domain where the LULC does not vary at all. （3） The East Asian monsoon system and its vertical structure are adjusted by the large scale LULC variation in western China, where the consequences are the enhancement of the westward water vapor transfer from the east oast and the relevant increase of wet-hydrostatic energy in the middle-upper atmospheric layers. （4） The ecological engineering in West China affects significantly the regional climate in Northwest China, North China and the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River; there are obvious effects in South, Northeast, and Southwest China, but minor effects in Tibet.

Russian Foreign Policy in Putin Presidency

Valadimir Putin assumed office as President of Russia on 7th May. It is a signfor Russia to enter into a new era. Attention is called to how Russia will imple-ment its foreign policy during Putin presidency, and what is the prospect. I Mr. Putin has started readjusting Russian foreign policy early as Acting Presi-dent. According to the newest version of the "Concept of National Security" andthe "New Foreign Doctrine", it is obvious that Russia will carry on pragmatic for-

An Assessment of Nigeria’s Foreign Policy and the African Union Security Architecture:Neo-conservative Perspectives

The beginning of the 21st century witnessed a strategic shift in Nigeria’s foreign policy.After the return of Nigeria to civilian rule in 1999,new multilateral diplomacy had to be embarked upon towards the promotion of democracy,peace,and security in Africa.One notable and distinctive feature of the country’s foreign policy from the inception of the Fourth Republic(1999)has been its promotion of African stability through the democratisation process.Nigeria has consistently used the African Union(AU)to pursue an agenda which can be described as neo-conservative,in restoring democracy,peace,and security,in Africa.Given this,this paper examines the neo-conservative foreign policy objectives and the role of the Nigerian state within the African Union security architecture towards the nurturing and advancement of democracy,peace,and security since the return to the civilian rule in 1999.

抗西联东——俄乌冲突时期普京政府的对外政策

俄乌冲突爆发后,西方对俄罗斯实施“升级版”制裁和遏制,普京政府被迫实行抗西联东对外政策,即抗衡西方、联合东方,以服务于俄实现在乌克兰的军事和政治目标、维护俄国家安全和大国地位。俄罗斯坚决抵制西方经济制裁,在乌克兰和欧洲—大西洋地区同美国和北约进行军事对抗,与西方展开“外交战”。普京政府加强同东方国家和东方国际组织的经济与政治合作,为俄罗斯抗衡西方提供经济助力和外交支持,主要举措为:加强与中国的战略协作伙伴关系,发展与印度的特惠战略伙伴关系,维护其在欧亚地区的传统影响,积极参与上海合作组织和金砖国家等东方国际组织框架下的合作等。2023年版《俄罗斯联邦对外政策构想》确认了抗西联东政策,反映出俄要走独特发展道路、放弃“融入欧洲”愿景的战略转变。用安全、发展和文明认同三个标准衡量,俄罗斯抗西联东政策不甚成功。但是鉴于俄乌冲突和俄罗斯与西方对抗长期化等因素,在2024年以后俄抗西联东政策仍将延续。

西非法语国家民族语言发展的困境与前景

西非法语国家以法语为官方语言,并将之作为教育体系各阶段的教学语言。该地区民族语言众多,发展状况各异,因而形成了复杂的语言生态。在现行西非法语国家的语言政策当中,民族语言遭遇的主要问题是:地位规划较为模糊,本体规划薄弱,教育体系中的融入也面临着各种困难。然而,民族语言在西非法语国家语言生态中仍然发挥着重要的交际功能,是国家文化遗产的重要组成,影响着国家身份认同和民族团结的构建。未来,西非法语国家的民族语言可依托国家、区域和国际层面的合力,寻求生存和发展的更大空间。

我国教育政策评估研究的“本土化”审思

教育政策评估研究是保障教育政策评估有效实施的关键环节。我国教育政策评估研究的发展可以大体划分为萌芽初创、模仿借鉴、实践探索以及本土建构四个时期。在当前所处的本土建构阶段,面临的最大问题是教育政策评估研究的“本土化”问题。“本土化”的教育政策评估研究应具有主体性、互动性和非功利性特点,而我国却存在“教育政策评估研究的主体精神被遮蔽、教育政策评估研究的互动形式缺失、教育政策评估内容的自由思维匮乏”等困境。因此,需要共创“三足鼎立”式的教育政策评估研究主体,共建多元互动的教育政策评估研究体系,共探自由开放的教育政策评估内容。

东西部协作过程中的政策质量管控研究

根据区域发展差异而启动的东西部协作工作,应对协作成效及相应政策的质量有一定的要求。中央、支援方政府、受援方政府在整体质量目标统一的前提下,也存在对协作政策质量目标的不同期望。并且,央地关系的复杂性、协作资源传输渠道的不稳定性、协作过程的多方参与性、协作绩效评估的非统一口径等因素给政策质量管控带来难度。为此,需要发挥不同政策主体及政策工具的功能,从政策过程全程管控来确保东西部协作政策目标有效率的实现。

东洋史学与日本“大陆政策”之媾和——以白鸟库吉史学路线为中心的考察

日本东洋史学的本质属性是学术研究与政治活动遥相呼应,这在白鸟库吉等早期日本东洋史学家的研究实践中体现尤为明显。白鸟库吉的史学研究路线与日本征服朝鲜、征服中国“满蒙”、进而征服整个中国的“大陆政策”如出一辙,研究结论同样在为侵略、统治及改造研究对象提供理论支持。具体为:在朝鲜史研究上呈现了否定朝鲜古史、否定“日鲜同祖”、否定中朝亲缘关系的思想倾向,关于“间空地”的所谓考证是其为日本“大陆政策”服务的明证;在“满洲”、蒙古等地域性研究上,“满洲中立论”“缓冲地带论”是其在列强博弈下针对日本“大陆政策”给出的妥协方案;在对中国历史文化的总体研究上,确立了否定中国历史、贬损中华文化、助推“侵略兴亚”的逻辑路线。所有这些,无不昭示了以白鸟库吉为代表的东洋史学研究与日本“大陆政策”媾和的本质。

关于“推进西部陆海新通道高质量建设 助力高水平对外开放”的调研报告

西部陆海新通道建设从“双循环”两端并重发力,高效促进资源要素的跨区域流通协调,取得显著成果。同时仍面临基础设施互联互通能力、多式联运集疏运能力、跨境贸易制度创新能力、通道与产业融合发展等方面的问题。为此建议:坚持系统思维,加强政策集成应用,推动构建陆海联动通道均衡发展新图景;坚持全局思维,促进新旧动能接续转换,培育壮大综合运输通道建设新引擎;坚持战略思维,以贸易畅通打开国际经济合作新空间,积极探索陆海贸易通道建设新范式;坚持创新思维,以增强通道产业“西”引力不断扩大共同利益汇合点,实现战略通道建设新突破。

A Path to Peace Amid Global Uncertainty

In recent years,China has brought fortha slew of ideas and initiatives that canbe seen as"public goods"for the world and is striving for their fulfillment.This isvery similar to the role the country playedin the Bandung Conference in 1955,when itpromoted cooperation among newly indepen-dent countries that pursued a policy of non-alignment,thus helping forge a new postwarglobal landscape.

浅析数据中心节能降碳绿色发展的挑战与对策

数据中心是承载数据存储、计算和分析的重要基础设施,已经成为经济数字化发展的重要基石,随着新一代信息技术革命的推进,数据中心的建设浪潮也随之兴起。在全球推行节能降碳的背景下,数据中心的能源消耗和绿色发展问题逐渐引起了各个国家的高度关注。对比研究了欧美发达国家和我国数据中心绿色发展的相关政策与发展现状,分析了我国数据中心产业在绿色发展上所面临的挑战与困难,尤其是在能源利用水平、整体产业布局等方面进行了重点分析,并从我国实际情况出发,提出了对策建议。一是要深挖节能潜力,推广先进节能技术应用,新建数据中心应严格把控各个环节,小规模已有数据中心应开展节能诊断,分类实施节能降碳改造。二是加强执法监察,提升能效约束作用,通过节能专项执法监察,形成数据中心的黑白名单,淘汰“小老散旧”数据中心,加大产业结构的调整力度。三是多措并举持续发力,推动“东数西算”全面建设,从统筹布局、顶层设计、法规政策、技术创新等多个方面努力,协调东西部资源,形成全国一体化大数据中心体系。

西部高校人才引进政策的话语透视:注意力配置与议题识别——基于40份政策文本的内容分析

人才引进政策对高校学科建设发展、人才培养质量提升、人力资源合理配置的影响意义深远。为分析政策执行效果,研究基于注意力配置理论,依托“结构—议题”分析框架,选取40所西部高校的人才引进政策作为研究样本,分析其注意力配置的结构与特点。研究发现,整体上西部高校人才引进政策聚焦于政策制定、政策对象、政策执行、激励保障机制、考核管理机制五个议题维度。同时,西部高校人才引进政策在三个方面进行创新实践:以“提升工资待遇”为始,破解人才流失困局;以“优化工作保障机制”为綮,激发高校内生动力;以“提升幸福感”为终,优化人才发展环境。此外,研究从发展期望、工具性手段、目标效价三个维度挖掘人才引进政策的深层逻辑,以更好地细化注意力配置的内在机理。