Effect of Suan Zao Ren (Semen Ziziphi Spinosae) Extract on the TXNIP/NLRP3 Pathway in Insomniac Rats

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of Suan Zao Ren(Semen Ziziphi Spinosae,SZS)extract on insomnia induced by p-chlorophenylalanine(PCPA)in rats and its influence on the thioredoxin-interacting protein(TXNIP)/nucleotide-binding domain Leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing receptor 3(NLRP3)inflammasome pathway,and to preliminarily explore themechanism by which SZS extract improves insomnia.Methods Fifty male Sprague–Dawley(SD)rats were used,with 8 rats in the blank group and 42 rats in the modeling group.The modeling group was induced by intraperitoneal injection of PCPA at a dose of 500mg·kg1 for six consecutive days,with daily cage exchange.After 6 days,40 successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into five groups:themodel group(equal volume of distilled water),the positive group(0.75 mg·kg1),and low-,medium-,and high-dose SZS extract groups(1.5,3,and 6 g·kg1,respectively),with 8 rats in each group.Treatments were administered for seven consecutive days.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)and gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)in the rat cerebral cortex.The thiobarbituric acid(TBA)method was used to determine malondialdehyde(MDA)levels,and the hydroxylamine method was used to determine superoxide dismutase(SOD)levels.The 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)method was used to measure total antioxidant capacity(TAOC)in the cerebral cortex.Pathological changes in the cerebral cortex were observed,and Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of TXNIP,NLRP3,apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a Caspase activation and recruitment domain(CARD),and cysteine–aspartate-specific protease 1(Caspase-1)in the cerebral cortex.Results Compared with the blank group,the model group showed a significantly prolonged sleep latency(p<0.001)and a significantly shortened sleep duration(p<0.001).There were no changes in serum MDA and SOD levels.MDA levels in the cerebral cortex were significantly increased(p<0.001),while SOD and TAOC levels were significantly decreased(p<0.001).The 5-HT level was increased(p<0.05),and the GABA level was significantly decreased(p<0.001).SZS extract improved these conditions to varying degrees.Light microscopy showed no significant changes in cortical neurons but transmission electron microscopy revealed intact mitochondrial structures in the blank group,while the model group showed swollen and unclear mitochondria with reduced organelles.After 7 days of treatment,these conditions improved in the SZS extract groups.Compared with the blank group,the expressions of the four proteins in the model group were increased,and the expressions of these proteins were decreased in the SZS extract groups compared with the model group.Conclusion SZS extract may exert an antioxidant effect to treat insomnia by downregulating the expression of TXNIP/NLRP3 proteins and regulating oxidative stress levels in the cerebral cortex.

Regulation of Quan Du Zhong capsule on VEGF/bFGF and expression of Bcl‑2/Bax and Caspase‑3 protein in the repairing process of canine femoral head necrosis

Objective:To explore the repair and treatment effect of Quan Du Zhong capsule on necrosis of femoral head in dogs.Methods:Totally 12 beagles were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Quan Du Zhong capsule group and Xianlinggubao capsule group,with three in each group.In addition to the normal group,the other groups established the femoral head necrosis model by liquid nitrogen alternative freezing.The normal group and the model group did not have any intervention during the modeling period,and the Quan Du Zhong group began to receive the Quan Du Zhong by gavage on the day of modeling;Xianlinggubao capsule group was given Xianlinggubao capsule by gavage once a day for 12 consecutive weeks on the day of modeling.The levels of VEGF and bFGF in the blood vessels of each group at the 12th week were compared,and the ratios of BMD,BS/BV,BV/TV,Tb.Th,Tb.N were measured by Micro CT,and the expressions of Bcl-2,Bax,Caspase-3 proteins were detected by immune reaction.Results:1.Compared with the normal group,the level of serum VEGF and bFGF in the model group decreased after 12 weeks of modeling(P<0.05);Compared with the model group,the levels of serum VEGF and bFGF water in the Xianlinggubao capsule group and the Quan Du Zhong capsule group increased on average at the 12th week of modeling,with statistical difference(P<0.05).The level of the Quan Du Zhong capsule group was the highest,followed by the Xianlinggubao capsule group.2.Compared with the normal group,BMD,BS/BV,BV/TV,Tb.Th and Tb.N in the model group were lower,and Tb.SP were higher,the results were statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the BMD,BV/TV,Tb.Th and Tb.N of Xianlinggubao capsule group and the total eucommia capsule group increased,while the BS/BV and Tb.SP decreased(P<0.05).3.The Quan Du Zhong capsule group and Xianlinggubao capsule group could significantly increase the expression of bcl-2 protein in the femoral head of dogs,which was significantly different from the model group(P<0.05).The expression of bax protein in the femoral head of dogs in the Quan Du Zhong capsule group and the Xianlinggubao capsule group was significantly reduced compared with the model group(P<0.05).The expression of caspase-3 protein in the femoral head of dogs was significantly reduced in the Quan Du Zhong capsule group and Xianlinggubao capsule group,which was significantly different from the model group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Quan Du Zhong capsule can increase the expression of VEGF and bFGF in serum,increase the expression of bcl-2,inhibit the expression of bax,and reduce the expression of caspase-3,which plays a synergistic role in the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head,and has potential targets.

Bai Hu Ren Shen Soup promotes autophagy in the pancreas tissue of diabetic rats by increasing the level of autophagy protein LC3 and decreasing the level of autophagy protein p62

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Bai Hu Ren Shen Soup(BHRSS)on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)rats and explore whether its therapeutic effect is achieved by promoting autophagy in the pancreas tissue of T2DM rats.Methods:Thirty male standard deviation rats were equally divided into normal control group,T2DM group and BHRSS group.Firstly,the therapeutic effect of BHRSS on T2DM was evaluated by biochemical indices in serum and pathological changes in the pancreas tissue of rats in each group after modeling and medication.Then,the levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)protein and p62 protein in the pancreas tissue of rats in each group after BHRSS intervention were detected by Western blot.Results:BHRSS intervention significantly reduced the levels of blood sugar,liver and kidney function,and other related biochemical indices in the serum of T2DM rats,and effectively improved the pathological changes in the pancreas tissue of T2DM rats.In addition,Western blot results showed that the expression levels of autophagy-related protein LC3 protein in the pancreas tissue of rats were increased,and the expression level of p62 protein was decreased after BHRSS intervention.Conclusion:BHRSS has a clear therapeutic effect on T2DM model rats,which may be related to that increase of autophagy protein LC3 and the decrease of p62 protein level in the pancreas tissue.

创客思维如何促发企业内部运营生态变革——基于《任正非采访实录》的分析

通过对华为创始人任正非2019—2020年44次接受国内外媒体采访的53.1万字采访实录进行文本分析,采用程序化扎根理论归纳任正非的思维构型,并对其创客思维如何促发特定时期华为内部运营生态变革进行探索。结果发现,任正非的创客思维包括自我批判、持续学习、艰苦奋斗等,由此归纳出SUCCESS数字领导力理论。以此为基础,华为建立起有效的运营机制,并从人才生态、治理生态、技术生态与开放生态4个方面促使内部运营生态变革。结论可丰富原有领导力理论,为创客应对不确定性环境风险提供有益启示。

任达然论治温热病经验探析

任达然先生是首批全国名老中医传承指导老师,从医60余载,始终坚守临床一线,师法古贤家学,博采历代医著之精华,且能融汇贯通,对于温病的辨治独具匠心。任老擅治温热时病,精研疑难杂证,主张温热时病从痰、热、虚入手,认为温热病起病必见热象偏重,邪热鸱张,传变迅急,当须“治未病”遏阻病路,尤以温病初起时颇为效验,同时应顾护津液及胃气,正确理解并灵活应用“汗法”和“下法”,若失治误治,后果不堪,而若救治得当,则应手取效。

论“仁”的两重意义

中国文化的基本构成是恩德,而“仁”是恩德文化的最高范畴。仁具有两重意义,一方面概括、统领了恩德文化的诸德目即各具体范畴,如家庭伦理的孝悌、社会伦理的友敬、政治伦理的忠顺等,是为“全德”;另一方面,又是作为哲学本体论范畴,超越了具体恩德范畴,具有绝对性。仁作为“全德”,属于责任伦理范畴。仁礼一体,维护恩德文化,所以孔子说“克己复礼为仁”。作为责任伦理的仁,体现了恩德文化的不平等性和差等性。仁作为哲学范畴,也是意图伦理范畴,具有普遍性和绝对性,它克服了恩德文化的有限性和控制性,成为“天地万物一体之仁”。仁的两重意义体现了恩德文化的内在矛盾,由此形成了“仁本说”与“孝本说”的对立。“仁本说”以“天地万物一体之仁”否定了具有不平等性和差等性的恩德文化诸德目;“孝本说”以孝为本体,否定了绝对性、普遍性的“天地万物一体之仁”。儒家没有合理地解决二者的对立,在于没有区分责任伦理与意图伦理以及一般伦理范畴与哲学范畴。只有通过恩德文化的现代转化,区分哲学与一般文化、意图伦理与责任伦理,才能彻底解决仁的两重意义之间的矛盾。

浅谈调摄冲任法在乳腺癌治疗中的应用

乳腺癌发病机制复杂,涉及多个脏腑的功能异常和气血津液运行的失畅,特别是手术、放化疗后,以及疾病晚期的患者。在复杂病机矛盾体中,冲任二脉气血运行异常起着关键的作用,立足于冲任失调分析病症,更能厘清具体病症的主次矛盾,为立法处方提供更为清晰的思路。并附验案一则。

《妇人大全良方》从“风”论治妇人血证

妇人血证种类繁杂、症状多样,是妇产科常见病、疑难病。《妇人大全良方》是我国现存最早的妇产科专著,主要观点在于陈自明强调妇人血证的常见致病因素为风、寒、热三者,且与现代普遍认可的寒、热、湿邪致病有所不同。本文以风邪致病理论为切入点,分析、探讨陈自明辨治妇人血证特点。研究发现,外风致病,或直接损伤,或兼夹他邪,皆可导致妇人血证的发生;日久常伴血虚不濡以生风,即内风致病表现。在治疗时,根据内外风邪的不同,多应用荆芥散、独圣散、加减四物汤为基础方,配合辛散祛风或息风止痉之品以疗内、外风邪,达到抗炎、增免,治疗妇人血证的作用。

‘红美人’柑橘在江苏南京的引种表现及生态栽培技术

‘红美人’为橘橙类杂交品种。该文总结了‘红美人’柑橘引入江苏南京后,在当地的引种表现,并从园地选择、设施建造、定植、树形培育、肥水管理、温湿度调控、花果管理和病虫害防治等方面总结了其生态栽培技术,为江苏南京及其他有需求的地区合理推广引种‘红美人’提供参考。

朱仁与上海私立合众图书馆考述

上海私立合众图书馆在近现代中国图书馆史中占有十分重要的地位,朱仁深度参与了该馆的建设,见证了诸多历史事件。通过研究学界尚未充分利用的《律师朱仁日记》这一档案资料,采访朱仁的后裔,考证朱仁的教育及工作经历,揭示其参与合众图书馆的动因,厘清他与叶景葵、顾廷龙的交谊,梳理他在合众图书馆从事的工作内容。能够再现彼时的一部分历史场景,展现出朱仁的重要贡献及合众图书馆的办馆经验,进而丰富学界对合众图书馆史及叶景葵、顾廷龙等人物史的研究。

“这种人”负面评价意义的规约化

短语“这种人”高频用于负面评价,且类型丰富,经常与贬义“指人NP”、贬义属性谓语或修饰语共现。从立场表达三角理论来看,“人称+这种人”是立场表达者对特定主体或客体的负面评价。“语境吸收”“礼貌原则”和“概括机制”是“这种人”负面评价倾向形成的主要机制。

说“象”:中华民族舞蹈原始发生蠡测续说(二)

“象”是中华民族舞蹈原始发生中的一种文化存在。《象舞》是周代一个比较重要的祭祀舞蹈。作为周公纪功乐舞的《象》又称《象箾》,《象》的“以箾为仪”指向《易》的“象也者像也”。汉代宫廷中有一种专职艺人称为“象人”,“象人”的“蒙假面”与“方相氏”的“相人”之意均与丧葬事宜相关。荀子《非相》的义理积淀于“偶人”的形制和“面具”的图式之中;张衡《西京赋》的“舞像”更指向整体的“舞者”——其中的汉之“戏象”一词,正是从“戏倡舞像”中点化而来,而“戏倡舞像”本自“尸礼废而像事兴”。由“象人”与偶、与俑、与傀儡的关联一直联系到“傀儡戏”,显然已远离周公的纪功乐舞《象》,也无关乎《荀子·儒教》所言,“戏象”之说显然是从“舞象”一词演变而来的。

邓曼:中国第一女哲

春秋早期的邓曼,堪称“中国第一女哲”。她对中国哲学的贡献,不仅在于具有涵盖形上学、形下学以及“天人之际”关系的思想系统,更在于她做出的三个思想首创:一是“天道”概念(天帝显示的必然法则);二是“天不假易”命题(天帝绝不宽容傲慢轻率之人);三是“天道盈荡”命题(事物发展到满盈状态时,就会动荡不安,这是天帝确定的必然法则)。此外,她特别表述了以“德”“信”“刑”为核心范畴的政治哲学思想,并以形上的天帝信仰来为这种形下的政治哲学奠基,意味着人对天的一种应有态度——必须敬畏天命以尽人事。

中国古代山水画论中的身体话语建构——以《林泉高致》为文本的考察

在自古贯之的儒家修身立德和道家去欲保身的身体实践下,无论是郭熙提出的“身即山川”“饱游饫看”的山水画创作与身体力行之道,还是主张“不下堂筵,坐穷泉壑”“可游可居”的绘画观照体验,抑或从山水画欣赏角度对“林泉之心”等身心合一观念的推崇,都可以看到绘画艺术与人的身体或身心有着直接或间接的联系。基于当代“身体崛起”的话语场域,从身体理论视角对《林泉高致》中的身体言说进行系统的阐发论述,不仅可为激活与丰富中国古代画论资源提供新的方法论,还可管窥中国古代文化中的身体观相异于西方的独特意蕴。

源流、派别、正变:《杜诗镜铨》对“杜甫诗学”的建构

“杜甫诗学”是郭绍虞先生提出的一个概念,包括文学史和批评史两方面的含义。在古代杜甫诗集注本中,清代学者杨伦所著《杜诗镜铨》一书最能体现“杜甫诗学”思想。《杜诗镜铨》从文学史出发,通过对历代诗歌文本句法、章法、用典以及诗体风格的具体分析,细致地梳理出杜诗的“源流所出”和“派别所开”,全面彰显了杜诗“集大成”的文学史地位。从批评史出发,以传统诗论中的“正变”思想作为批评视角,以“变化而不失其正”的杜诗作为评判尺度,通过诠释“别裁伪体”和“清词丽句”,探索出以杜诗为核心的古代诗学史“正”与“变”的发展规律。研究“杜甫诗学”不仅可以进一步认清杜诗“集大成”的文学史意义,对于当前构建中国文学批评的话语体系也具有重要的启示。

数字人文视域中的元代江韵诗研究

在对《全元诗》进行全面统计分析之后,可以发现《全元诗》中共有207位诗人创作的456首江韵诗。通过对韵脚分布、出韵情况、韵脚组合、次韵分韵、诗风与用韵关系等方面的考察,会发现元代江韵诗的情况与唐宋两代相似,也存在核心韵脚、常见韵脚组合等现象。这同样使元代的江韵诗风以平易为主,同时也有篇幅长、用韵僻、构思奇的奇崛之作。明清两代的江韵诗中,应当也有核心韵脚与常见韵脚组合的情况。到了清代,逞才之风发展到极致,三江全韵诗大量涌现。

清代总集编纂中的骚体观念——以严可均《全上古三代秦汉三国六朝文》为中心

文学总集对于文体观念的研究具有不可替代的价值。清人严可均就通过《全上古三代秦汉三国六朝文》的编辑整理呈现他的骚体观念。借由对《全上古》凡例、按语、所录作品的分析梳理确认该书录唐前“骚”文59篇,由作品标题或序文体现的拟“骚”(《楚辞章句》所收作品)的立意,是《全上古》确立为“骚”的首要指标,而不论语言形式。题目体类特征不明显的作品“,兮”字句、句腰虚字句则成为《全上古》“骚体”判断的主要依据“。骚”从《诗》出“,骚”包含传统的“辞”体,也是广义的“赋”的一个亚类。严可均的观念受《艺文类聚》影响较大,但有所调整。《全上古》为代表的总集表达的骚体观念在清代较有代表性,刘熙载《赋概》等相关讨论与之呼应。

基于数据挖掘探讨全仁夫教授治疗强直性脊柱炎用药规律

目的 探讨全仁夫教授治疗强直性脊柱炎(AS)的用药规律。方法 筛选整理2020年8月至2022年1月在杭州市萧山区中医院全仁夫教授门诊治疗AS患者的临床处方,运用中医传承计算平台(V3.0)分析药物频次、性味、归经及功效,并采用关联规则、聚类分析对组方规律进行挖掘。结果 本研究共收录处方85首,涉及药物116种,其中高频中药26味,药性以温性为主,药味以甘、辛、苦味居多,药物主入肝、肾、脾经,药物功效主要为祛风湿类和补虚类。得出常用药物模式14个及关联性用药组合20个,分析获得聚类处方组合4个。结论 全仁夫教授治疗AS的用药规律为祛风湿与补肝肾并用,标本兼治;主张温督散寒、行气活血;同时重视补养脾胃。

论“卷阿”形胜观的内涵与嬗递

最早记载于《诗经》的“卷阿”有着独特的“飘风自南”自然山水景观。在考辨“有卷者阿”历史源流的基础上分析其发轫、形成及“形胜”特征,认为“卷阿”形胜观历经“自然景观空间-建筑空间-精神空间”的发展过程,由物质空间升华到精神空间的文化意象。在皇权观念中,以高大广阔的建筑景观空间寓于“有卷者阿”形态,体现君王礼贤下士、君子纳才的宽广胸怀;对于贤臣来说,彰显其所追求修身治国之抱负和聿修厥德的情操。诠释“卷阿”山水格局并传承其文化内涵,构建蕴含人文精神的风景游赏地,形成物质与精神交融的山水景观空间,以达育人、化人的目的。

从“幽人”内涵变迁看苏轼黄州时期的贬谪心态

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