We propose a scheme to implement the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm by using Schroedinger cat states in cavity quantum electron-dynamics （QED）. The scheme is based on the Raman interaction of a degenerate three-level A-typ...We propose a scheme to implement the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm by using Schroedinger cat states in cavity quantum electron-dynamics （QED）. The scheme is based on the Raman interaction of a degenerate three-level A-type atom with a coherent state in a cavity. By using Schroedinger cat states, the atomic spontaneous emission can be minimized and the Hadamard transformation in our scheme is not needed.展开更多
A simple method is presented for generating multicomponent Schrodinger cat states through resonant atom-field interactions. In the scheme n two-level atoms, initially in ground states, are sent through a resonant cavi...A simple method is presented for generating multicomponent Schrodinger cat states through resonant atom-field interactions. In the scheme n two-level atoms, initially in ground states, are sent through a resonant cavity filled with a strong coherent field sequentially. Then state-selective measurements are performed on the atoms. The detections of the atoms in ground states collapse the cavity field onto a superposition of 2(n) coherent states. This is the first way for producing superpositions of many coherent states through resonant atom-field interaction.展开更多
In this paper, the one-dimensional time dependent Schr?dinger equation is discretized by the method of lines using a second order finite difference approximation to replace the second order spatial derivative. The evo...In this paper, the one-dimensional time dependent Schr?dinger equation is discretized by the method of lines using a second order finite difference approximation to replace the second order spatial derivative. The evolving system of stiff Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) in time is solved numerically by an L-stable trapezoidal-like integrator. Results show accuracy of relative maximum error of order 10?4 in the interval of consideration. The performance of the method as compared to an existing scheme is considered favorable.展开更多
In this paper, we coupled the Quantum Mechanics conventional Schrödinger’s equation, for the particles, with the Maxwell’s wave equation, in order to study the potential’s role on the conversion of the ele...In this paper, we coupled the Quantum Mechanics conventional Schrödinger’s equation, for the particles, with the Maxwell’s wave equation, in order to study the potential’s role on the conversion of the electromagnetic field energy to mass and vice versa. We show that the dissipation (“conductivity”) factor and the particle implicit proper frequency are both related to the potential energy. We have also derived a new expression for the Schrödinger’s Equation considering the potential energy into this equation not as an ad hoc term, but also as an operator (Hermitian), which has the scalar potential energy as a natural eigenvalue of this operator.展开更多
We all physicist have long been believed that an elementary particle is a wave as well as a particle, but we discuss in this paper that an electron (probably all fermions) is always a particle. Author claim that quant...We all physicist have long been believed that an elementary particle is a wave as well as a particle, but we discuss in this paper that an electron (probably all fermions) is always a particle. Author claim that quantum mechanics (QM) is not such mysterious as Bohr stated that the wave turn to the particle by observation. We can understand QM by natural human sense. The wave nature of electrons is only an appearance or a phenomena but not intrinsic or substantial. An electron is an individual body, which interferes with other individual electrons. Interference is the key word instead of the wave to understand the quantum mechanics. Interference produces the wave nature and the uncertainty. When we determine that an electron is nothing but a particle, we will see the true meaning of wave function and the Schr?dinger’s equation.展开更多
The paper applies a one-to-one correspondence which exists between individual Schr?dinger perturbation terms and the diagrams obtained on a circular scale of time to whole sets of the Schr?dinger terms belonging to a ...The paper applies a one-to-one correspondence which exists between individual Schr?dinger perturbation terms and the diagrams obtained on a circular scale of time to whole sets of the Schr?dinger terms belonging to a definite perturbation order. In effect the diagram properties allowed us to derive the recurrence formulae giving the number of higher perturbative terms from the number of lower order terms. This recurrence formalism is based on a complementary property that any perturbation order N can be composed of two positive integer components Na , Nb combined into N in all possible ways. Another result concerns the degeneracy of the perturbative terms. This degeneracy is shown to be only twofold and the terms having it are easily detectable on the basis of a circular scale. An analysis of this type demonstrates that the degeneracy of the perturbative terms does not exist for very low perturbative orders. But when the perturbative order exceeds five, the number of degenerate terms predominates heavily over that of nondegenerate terms.展开更多
We point out that a suitable scale of time for the Schrödinger perturbation process is a closed line having rather a circular and not a conventional straight-linear character. A circular nature of the scale c...We point out that a suitable scale of time for the Schrödinger perturbation process is a closed line having rather a circular and not a conventional straight-linear character. A circular nature of the scale concerns especially the time associated with a particular order N of the perturbation energy which provides us with a full number of the perturbation terms predicted by Huby and Tong. On the other hand, a change of the order N—connected with an increased number of the special time points considered on the scale—requires a progressive character of time. A classification of the perturbation terms is done with the aid of the time-point contractions present on a scale characteristic for each N. This selection of terms can be simplified by a partition procedure of the integer numbers representing N-1. The detailed calculations are performed for the perturbation energy of orders N=7 and N=8 .展开更多
Estimates of the type L1-L∞ for the Schrödinger Equation on the Line and on Half-Line with a regular potential V(x), express the dispersive nature of the Schrödinger Equation and are the essential e...Estimates of the type L1-L∞ for the Schrödinger Equation on the Line and on Half-Line with a regular potential V(x), express the dispersive nature of the Schrödinger Equation and are the essential elements in the study of the problems of initial values, the asymptotic times for large solutions and Scattering Theory for the Schrödinger equation and non-linear in general;for other equations of Non-linear Evolution. In general, the estimates Lp-Lp' express the dispersive nature of this equation. And its study plays an important role in problems of non-linear initial values;likewise, in the study of problems nonlinear initial values;see [1] [2] [3]. On the other hand, following a series of problems proposed by V. Marchenko [4], that we will name Marchenko’s formulation, and relate it to a generalized version of Theorem 1 given in [1], the main theorem (Theorem 1) of this article provides a transformation operator W?that transforms the Reduced Radial Schrödinger Equation (RRSE) (whose main characteristic is the addition a singular term of quadratic order to a regular potential V(x)) in the Schrödinger Equation on Half-Line (RSEHL) under W. That is to say;W?eliminates the singular term of quadratic order of potential V(x) in the asymptotic development towards zero and adds to the potential V(x) a bounded term and a term exponentially decrease fast enough in the asymptotic development towards infinity, which continues guaranteeing the uniqueness of the potential V(x) in the condition of the infinity boundary. Then the L1-L∞ estimates for the (RRSE) are preserved under the transformation operator , as in the case of (RSEHL) where they were established in [3]. Finally, as an open question, the possibility of extending the L1-L∞ estimates for the case (RSEHL), where added to the potential V(x) an analytical perturbation is mentioned.展开更多
The intestinal microbiota is the collection of the living microorganisms(bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses) inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. Novel bacterial identification approaches have revealed that the ...The intestinal microbiota is the collection of the living microorganisms(bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses) inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. Novel bacterial identification approaches have revealed that the gastrointestinal microbiota of dogs and cats is, similarly to humans, a highly complex ecosystem. Studies in dogs and cats have demonstrated that acute and chronic gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease(IBD), are associated with alterations in the small intestinal and fecal microbial communities. Of interest is that these alterations are generally similar to the dysbiosis observed in humans with IBD or animal models of intestinal inflammation, suggesting that microbial responses to inflammatory conditions of the gut are conserved across mammalian host types. Studies have also revealed possible underlying susceptibilities in the innate immune system of dogs and cats with IBD, which further demonstrate the intricate relationship between gut microbiota and host health. Commonly identified microbiome changes in IBD are decreases in bacterial groups within the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and increases within Proteobacteia. Furthermore, a reduction in the diversity of Clostridium clusters XIVa and IV(i.e., Lachnospiraceae and Clostridium coccoides subgroups) are associated with IBD, suggesting that these bacterial groups may play an important role in maintenance of gastrointestinal health. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the functional changes associated with intestinal dysbiosis in dogs and cats.展开更多
We propose an alternative scheme for generation of atomic Schrodinger cat states in an optical cavity. In the scheme the atoms are always populated in the two ground states and the cavity remains in the vacuum state. ...We propose an alternative scheme for generation of atomic Schrodinger cat states in an optical cavity. In the scheme the atoms are always populated in the two ground states and the cavity remains in the vacuum state. Therefore, the scheme is insensitive to the atomic spontaneous emission and cavity decay. The scheme may be generalized to the deterministic generation of entangled coherent states for two atomic samples. In contrast with the previously proposed schemes of [Commun. Theor. Phys. 40 （2003） 103 and Chin. our scheme is greatly shortened and thus the deeoherence can Phys. B 18 （2009） 1045], the required interaction time in be effectively suppressed.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation （Grant No 10574022）, and the Funds of the Natural Science of Fuiian Province. China （Grant No Z0512006）.
文摘We propose a scheme to implement the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm by using Schroedinger cat states in cavity quantum electron-dynamics （QED）. The scheme is based on the Raman interaction of a degenerate three-level A-type atom with a coherent state in a cavity. By using Schroedinger cat states, the atomic spontaneous emission can be minimized and the Hadamard transformation in our scheme is not needed.
基金The project supported by Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation under Grant No. 81008, National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 60008003 and 10225421, and Funds from Fuzhou University
文摘A simple method is presented for generating multicomponent Schrodinger cat states through resonant atom-field interactions. In the scheme n two-level atoms, initially in ground states, are sent through a resonant cavity filled with a strong coherent field sequentially. Then state-selective measurements are performed on the atoms. The detections of the atoms in ground states collapse the cavity field onto a superposition of 2(n) coherent states. This is the first way for producing superpositions of many coherent states through resonant atom-field interaction.
基金Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan for a grant,and the“Factor”Company of System Researches for combining our efforts in this projectpart of the international project“Joint Kazakh-Indian study the influence of anthropogenic factors on atmospheric phenomena on the basis of numerical weather prediction models WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)”,commissioned by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
文摘The analytic properties of the scattering amplitude are discussed. And, the representation of the potential by the scattering amplitude is obtained.
文摘In this paper, the one-dimensional time dependent Schr?dinger equation is discretized by the method of lines using a second order finite difference approximation to replace the second order spatial derivative. The evolving system of stiff Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) in time is solved numerically by an L-stable trapezoidal-like integrator. Results show accuracy of relative maximum error of order 10?4 in the interval of consideration. The performance of the method as compared to an existing scheme is considered favorable.
文摘In this paper, we coupled the Quantum Mechanics conventional Schrödinger’s equation, for the particles, with the Maxwell’s wave equation, in order to study the potential’s role on the conversion of the electromagnetic field energy to mass and vice versa. We show that the dissipation (“conductivity”) factor and the particle implicit proper frequency are both related to the potential energy. We have also derived a new expression for the Schrödinger’s Equation considering the potential energy into this equation not as an ad hoc term, but also as an operator (Hermitian), which has the scalar potential energy as a natural eigenvalue of this operator.
文摘We all physicist have long been believed that an elementary particle is a wave as well as a particle, but we discuss in this paper that an electron (probably all fermions) is always a particle. Author claim that quantum mechanics (QM) is not such mysterious as Bohr stated that the wave turn to the particle by observation. We can understand QM by natural human sense. The wave nature of electrons is only an appearance or a phenomena but not intrinsic or substantial. An electron is an individual body, which interferes with other individual electrons. Interference is the key word instead of the wave to understand the quantum mechanics. Interference produces the wave nature and the uncertainty. When we determine that an electron is nothing but a particle, we will see the true meaning of wave function and the Schr?dinger’s equation.
文摘The paper applies a one-to-one correspondence which exists between individual Schr?dinger perturbation terms and the diagrams obtained on a circular scale of time to whole sets of the Schr?dinger terms belonging to a definite perturbation order. In effect the diagram properties allowed us to derive the recurrence formulae giving the number of higher perturbative terms from the number of lower order terms. This recurrence formalism is based on a complementary property that any perturbation order N can be composed of two positive integer components Na , Nb combined into N in all possible ways. Another result concerns the degeneracy of the perturbative terms. This degeneracy is shown to be only twofold and the terms having it are easily detectable on the basis of a circular scale. An analysis of this type demonstrates that the degeneracy of the perturbative terms does not exist for very low perturbative orders. But when the perturbative order exceeds five, the number of degenerate terms predominates heavily over that of nondegenerate terms.
文摘We point out that a suitable scale of time for the Schrödinger perturbation process is a closed line having rather a circular and not a conventional straight-linear character. A circular nature of the scale concerns especially the time associated with a particular order N of the perturbation energy which provides us with a full number of the perturbation terms predicted by Huby and Tong. On the other hand, a change of the order N—connected with an increased number of the special time points considered on the scale—requires a progressive character of time. A classification of the perturbation terms is done with the aid of the time-point contractions present on a scale characteristic for each N. This selection of terms can be simplified by a partition procedure of the integer numbers representing N-1. The detailed calculations are performed for the perturbation energy of orders N=7 and N=8 .
文摘Estimates of the type L1-L∞ for the Schrödinger Equation on the Line and on Half-Line with a regular potential V(x), express the dispersive nature of the Schrödinger Equation and are the essential elements in the study of the problems of initial values, the asymptotic times for large solutions and Scattering Theory for the Schrödinger equation and non-linear in general;for other equations of Non-linear Evolution. In general, the estimates Lp-Lp' express the dispersive nature of this equation. And its study plays an important role in problems of non-linear initial values;likewise, in the study of problems nonlinear initial values;see [1] [2] [3]. On the other hand, following a series of problems proposed by V. Marchenko [4], that we will name Marchenko’s formulation, and relate it to a generalized version of Theorem 1 given in [1], the main theorem (Theorem 1) of this article provides a transformation operator W?that transforms the Reduced Radial Schrödinger Equation (RRSE) (whose main characteristic is the addition a singular term of quadratic order to a regular potential V(x)) in the Schrödinger Equation on Half-Line (RSEHL) under W. That is to say;W?eliminates the singular term of quadratic order of potential V(x) in the asymptotic development towards zero and adds to the potential V(x) a bounded term and a term exponentially decrease fast enough in the asymptotic development towards infinity, which continues guaranteeing the uniqueness of the potential V(x) in the condition of the infinity boundary. Then the L1-L∞ estimates for the (RRSE) are preserved under the transformation operator , as in the case of (RSEHL) where they were established in [3]. Finally, as an open question, the possibility of extending the L1-L∞ estimates for the case (RSEHL), where added to the potential V(x) an analytical perturbation is mentioned.
文摘The intestinal microbiota is the collection of the living microorganisms(bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses) inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. Novel bacterial identification approaches have revealed that the gastrointestinal microbiota of dogs and cats is, similarly to humans, a highly complex ecosystem. Studies in dogs and cats have demonstrated that acute and chronic gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease(IBD), are associated with alterations in the small intestinal and fecal microbial communities. Of interest is that these alterations are generally similar to the dysbiosis observed in humans with IBD or animal models of intestinal inflammation, suggesting that microbial responses to inflammatory conditions of the gut are conserved across mammalian host types. Studies have also revealed possible underlying susceptibilities in the innate immune system of dogs and cats with IBD, which further demonstrate the intricate relationship between gut microbiota and host health. Commonly identified microbiome changes in IBD are decreases in bacterial groups within the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and increases within Proteobacteia. Furthermore, a reduction in the diversity of Clostridium clusters XIVa and IV(i.e., Lachnospiraceae and Clostridium coccoides subgroups) are associated with IBD, suggesting that these bacterial groups may play an important role in maintenance of gastrointestinal health. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the functional changes associated with intestinal dysbiosis in dogs and cats.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 60878059 and 10947147the Funds of Educational Committee of Fujian Province under Grant Nos. JA09014 and JB08066the Funds from Fujian Normal University under Grant No. 2008100220
文摘We propose an alternative scheme for generation of atomic Schrodinger cat states in an optical cavity. In the scheme the atoms are always populated in the two ground states and the cavity remains in the vacuum state. Therefore, the scheme is insensitive to the atomic spontaneous emission and cavity decay. The scheme may be generalized to the deterministic generation of entangled coherent states for two atomic samples. In contrast with the previously proposed schemes of [Commun. Theor. Phys. 40 （2003） 103 and Chin. our scheme is greatly shortened and thus the deeoherence can Phys. B 18 （2009） 1045], the required interaction time in be effectively suppressed.
