Xue and Haoxue:Learning Contents and Learning Attitude in The Analects of Confucius

The Analects(Lunyu論語)is a fundamental text for understanding the teachings of Confucius and offers an extensive account of the importance and methodology of learning(xue學)in the quest to become a junzi(君子),or exemplary person.This paper explores the contents and attitudes of learning as presented in The Analects,focusing on how Confucius’disciples and subsequent generations compiled and understood his teachings.Confucius emphasized that the ultimate goal of learning is to become a junzi.The term junzi originally referred to nobles or aristocrats but was redefined by Confucius to describe anyone who cultivates themselves to achieve moral excellence and serve society effectively.In The Analects,the concept of junzi is constructed through various entries that illustrate what a junzi should and should not do,highlighting attributes such as being highly principled,disciplined,ethical,and capable.Confucius outlined specific content areas for learning that were essential for personal and social development.These included learning cultural knowledge(學文),the Book of Changes(學易),the Book of Odes(學詩),the Book of Propriety(學禮),and the Way(學道).He believed that proper behavior,such as filial piety,respect for elders,trustworthiness,and benevolence,was a prerequisite for effective learning.Through the study of these classical texts,learners could cultivate their emotions,improve their observational abilities,and enhance their social skills.In addition to content,Confucius stressed the importance of having the right attitude towards learning.He valued the enjoyment of learning(好學)and praised those who pursued knowledge with diligence and an open mind.This attitude was exemplified by his favorite disciple,Yan Hui,who was noted for his ability to learn without repeating mistakes or transferring anger to others.Confucius himself also modeled this attitude,demonstrating a lifelong commitment to learning and self-improvement.In conclusion,The Analects presents learning as a holistic process that encompasses not only the acquisition of knowledge but also the development of moral and social virtues.Confucius’teachings emphasize that through persistent and disciplined learning,individuals can achieve personal growth and contribute positively to society,embodying the qualities of a true junzi.

Interpretation and Translation:A Case Study of the Translation of“Péng(朋)”and“Yǒu(友)”in The Analects of Confucius

Lun Yu or The Analects,a masterpiece of ancient Chinese thought,contains Chinese Confucianism and the values and ways of doing things that it represents.This paper focuses on the interpretation and translation of“péng(朋)”and“yǒu(友)”in the translations by James Legge,Arthur Waley,Koo Hung-ming,and Xu Yuanchong respectively to explore the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western cultures and the concepts held by different translators in the way of conducting oneself in society.

Confucius and American Democracy

UPON the establishment of European universities in the Middle Ages,the educational system in Western countries became characterized by an essentially Eurocentric worldview.This was reflected in the study of Latin and Greek in high school,and in basing public life and political systems on philosophies of classical antiquity.The work of the influential Chinese philosopher Confucius(551-479 B.C.),a near-contemporary of the major Greek philosophers Socrates(469-399 B.C.),Plato(428-348 B.C.)and Aristotle(384-322 B.C.),whose ethical and political ideas entered into the constitutions of European states,remained unknown.

From“Semantic Equivalence”to“Verve Reproduction”—Exploration on Xu Yuanchong’s English Translation of the Analects

This paper focuses on the English translation of Xu Yuanchong’s Analects,explains in depth the theory of semantic equivalence and the theory of verve reproduction.It analyzes the application and integration of these two theories by Xu Yuanchong in detail.Through a comprehensive textual analysis,this paper summarizes the remarkable achievements of the English translation of the Analects,such as the accurate transmission of semantics and the vivid reproduction of cultural charm,which is expected to bring new thinking directions and valuable references to the study of the English translation of the Analects.

Constructing a Harmonious World——Linguistic Studies on the Analects of Confucius

Following Halliday’s view that "if a text is to be described at all,then it should be described properly;and this means by the theories and methods developed in linguistics"(Halliday,2002),we use the theoretical framework and methods developed in Systemic-Functional linguistics to explore "the socio-historical and ideological environment" for the "engendering" (ibid.) of the Analects,the particular contextual features of this great work,the hierarchical structure of Confucius’ main teachings,and also the ways of realizing his ideas in this book by the lexico-grammatical choices.We also discuss the implication and relevance of Confucianism to China and the present world.

New Interpretation on“Qin Bu Shi(寝不尸)”in The Analects of Confucius

“When sacrifices are to be offered to ancestors,Shi(尸)is indispensable.This ceremonial convention has been kept intact in the dynasties of Yu,Xia,Shang and Zhou.”Shi refers to a person alive in place of the deceased to be sacrificed.Shi is required to stand in the sacrificial ceremony in Xia dynasty,which is called the standing Shi,while in dynasties of Shang and Zhou,Shi is supposed to be seated,calling the sitting Shi.The sitting posture of Shi at the sacrificial ritual then is different considerably from the way we sit on the buttocks today.Shi is expected to sit on the knees.Specifically,Shi should keep a kneeling position,with knees on the ground and buttocks on the heels whilst his head bowing and his back arching.Accordingly,Qin Bu Shi(寝不尸)in The Analects of Confucius should be interpreted as one should not bother to adopt the sitting Shi posture while retiring to bed,rather than the version,as has been annotated by Yang Bojun,“Confucius does not sleep(lying stretched out)like a dead body.”

“Filial Piety” in The Analects of Confucius and “Filial Piety” in Today’s Society

Against today’s backdrop of“filial piety”in society,the“filial piety”in the Analects of Confucius triggered heated debates.Since ancient times,“filial piety”,which is of great importance to traditional Chinese culture,has been an important part of Confucianism.“Ingratitude”will inevitably be condemned by society.But nowadays,“irrational filial piety”will turn into“foolish filial piety”.Therefore,what people should do is to carry out“rational filial piety”and carry forward Chinese traditional culture critically so as to make contribution to building a harmonious socialist society.

A Comparative Study of Classical Chinese Teaching in Junior High School about Analects of Confucius Chapter 12

“Analects of Confucius”is an important carrier of outstanding traditional culture of our country,and“The Ministry of Education”junior high school Chinese textbook seventh grade volume of the third unit of“<Analects>12 chapters”included 12 chapters as learning content.In the actual teaching,Xiao Pei-dong teacher teaching reading as self-reading,let the Analects of Confucius into the students’hearts.Mr.Xu Jie stimulates students’interest by reading Chinese teaching,teaching with culture and teaching in activities.Teacher Zhu Xingxiang guides students to use the method of mutual verification,to explore“the joy of learning”,“the joy of having friends”and“the joy of gentleman”,and to learn Confucius’s optimistic life attitude.The three teachers have different teaching methods,each with its own characteristics,but all reach the same destination,aiming at improving the core quality of students,which has important reference significance for the teaching of classical Chinese in junior high school under the new curriculum standard.

Comparative Analysis of Two Famous English Versions of Analects of Confucius

The Analects of Confucius is a great Chinese classic with far-reaching influence all over the world.There are many translation versions of it,among which Thomas Cleary’s and Arthur Waley’s translation are the most well-known.Based on careful study,this paper makes a comparative analysis of the translation versions of Cleary and Waley,mainly from two aspects:the translation of key words and the translation of special sentence patterns and rhetoric.After a detailed comparative analysis of some typical examples,it is concluded that:Cleary’s translation is easy for western readers to understand because many culture-specific items are deleted.And Waley’s translation tries to be faithful to the style of the original text,thus building a bridge for western scholars to study Confucius.

A Comparative Study on Different Translations of“Ren(仁)”in The Ana Analects of Confucius in Chinese and Western Cultures

The concept of"ren"(仁) in The Analects of Confucius is at the core of Confucianism and has acquired rich connotations and a dis-tinguished position. Enormous differences in cultural background between the East and the West, however, result in varied under-standings of"ren". In this paper, a detailed comparison between Ku Hung-ming's translation of The Analects of Confucius andthat of James Legge's is made to analyze the the impact of different cultural background on the understanding and translation of"ren"in the relevant contexts. It is concluded that cultural difference exerts a great influence on the English versions of The Ana-lects of Confucius.

Confucius-The Storyofa Man Exemplary Masterof All Times-Confucius Culture Theme Exhibition

The exhibition presents the life of Confucius and the essence of his thoughts through plates,accompanied by replicas of related cultural objects and cultural creative products,with the purposeof helping local people understand the origin of Confucianism and presenting the modern charm of traditional culture.

Research on the Transmission of Chinese Excellent Traditional Culture in Confucius Classroom at Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka Under the Background of“the Belt and Road”Cooperation Initiative

“The Belt and Road”cooperation initiative contains Chinese excellent traditional cultural ideas,and is deeply rooted in Chinese excellent traditional culture.The proposal of“the Belt and Road”cooperation initiative is not only the strategic need to implement the“going out”of Chinese culture,but also the need to promote cultural exchanges and mutual learning among countries along“the Belt and Road”,and more importantly,the practical consideration of building a community of shared future for mankind with cultural identity.Confucius classroom,as one of the important platforms to realize the“going out”of Chinese culture,shows the“image of China”and enhances the“soft power”of Chinese culture,integrates and configures Chinese teaching and Chinese cultural resources through cooperation,and plays an important role in telling Chinese stories,spreading Chinese voice,enhancing cultural mutual trust and people-to-people contacts as well as the awareness of a community of shared future for mankind.Taking the Confucius classroom jointly built by Huanggang Normal University in China and Sabaragamuwa University in Sri Lanka as an example,this paper explores some effective transmission ways for spreading Chinese excellent traditional culture in Sri Lankan Confucius classroom under the background of“the Belt and Road”cooperation initiative,aiming to give full play to the role of Confucius classroom in cultural exchanges and enhance inter-school exchanges and cooperation between China and Sri Lanka in terms of cultural mutual trust and respect.

林语堂与The Wisdom of Confucius

林语堂的翻译活动前后跨越了半个世纪,历经了中国"五四"新文化运动和美国20世纪50年代"反文化"运动和现代性的冲击。他的译品,就犹如他的创作一样,带有鲜明的中西合璧的文化色彩。林语堂通过通俗的艺术方法为中国古典文化的精华在西方文化世界的传播做出了卓越贡献。由林语堂编译的The Wisdom of Confucius(中文名《孔子的智慧)》较为完整地表达了林语堂的孔子观,也系统地向西方介绍了儒家学说,对促进西方读者了解中国传统文化起到了重要作用。林语堂的翻译思想、The Wisdom of Confucius的编译内容、林语堂《论语》的英译本都具有深刻的学术研究价值。

Residents' Collective Memory of Urban Street and Lane Spaces:A Case Study of the Confucius Temple Block in Nanjing City

Along with the rapid globalization and urbanization,primitive ecological environment and cultural life atmosphere of urban streets and lanes have degraded,memories of the city have been lost,and cities have shown the tendency of convergence and homogenization.Taking the Confucius Temple Block for example,this paper applied cognitive map,oral interview and GIS spatial statistics to study residents' col ective memories of urban street and lane spaces,and found that the locals' collective memories of streets and lanes in the Confucius Temple Block declined gradually in the sequence of "aura area" → "secondary aura area" → "buffer area" → "blind spot area",and "civilian" urban design concept was claimed as the major incentive of the decline.Streets and lanes as important components of urban public spaces have specific historical connotations and genius loci,and they deserve wide concern from the academic circle and the society for their function of protecting collective memories of residents.

The Truth Cannot Departs From the Human Nature——On the Status Quo of Translation of The Analects and the Spread of the Confucianism

Confucius'doctrines had great influence on Chinese history.Han Wudi rejected other schools of thoughts but held Confucianism in esteem and so its leading position in Chinese history was established.Its influence was so extensive in China that the Analects of Confucius is indispensable even now,either for studies on Confucius himself or for studies in Chinese history.For thousands of years,Confucianism has exerted a far-reaching influence on Chinese society,culture and on the Chinese psychology.Its influence has extended abroad and Confucianism has held a leading position in the world.

Comparative study on the two translations of The Analects

Introduction:The Analects, recording Confucius and his disciples’ talking andteaching, was written in the period of Spring and Autumn

A Discussion on the Pedagogical Concepts in Confucian Analects from the View of the Pedagogy of Performed Culture Approach

Confucian Analects contains many pedagogical concepts and viewpoints that have a significant influence on China’s culture and history.Many of the concepts can be interpreted and understood from the perspective of the pedagogy of Performed Culture Approach.This paper investigates the meanings of some Confucian pedagogical discussions and thoughts,such as communicating with other social members,the relationship between language and behavior,multiple procedures in learning,and how social contexts affect one’s language and performance in the Analects,which is mainly from the perspective of the relationship between language and Performed Culture Approach.

Empirical Research on Tourists' After-trip Perception of Landscape Preference in the Confucius Temple in Nanjing City

Thurstone’s Comparative Judgment Model was applied to measure characteristics of tourists’after-trip perception of landscape preference in the Confucius Temple,a famous historical block in Nanjing City.The results show that(a)as time goes by,the tourists’time perception differentiation has continuously sublimated from the general experience into the peak experience,and gradually evolved into the core experience element in the overall perception.In terms of content,perceptional contents of tourists decrease in sequence of the Confucian culture,the commercial culture and the culture of refined scholars.As a whole,tourists’after-trip perception differentiation has 3 sections:halo zone,sub-halo zone,and gray zone.(b)Because of tourism development,the Confucian culture is influenced by other cultures,and the commercial culture shows the trend of"over-generalization",and the culture of refined scholars has weakening carriers and modes of inheritance.Inheritance of its unique cultural connotations deserves increasing attention.

Problems and Countermeasures of Chinese Cultural Communication about the Confucius Institutes in Africa

Chinese cultural communication in Africa has developed quickly under the framework of the Confucius Institutes. The Confucius Institutes in Africa have opened multilevel Chinese classes and held rich and colorful cultural activities. At the moment, however, Chinese cultural communication through the Confucius Institutes in Africa is still confronted with problems, such as the difficult communication environment, lack of local high-level Chinese talents, language and cultural differences, and degree of acceptance. This paper puts forward strategies for Chinese cultural communication: Constructing models with multiple Chinese teaching spots supported by individual Confucius Institutes; strengthening the training of high-level talents for Chinese cultural communications; pushing forward localization of Chinese cultural communications; focusing on the interactivity of language in cultural communications; and establishing a Chinese cultural communication model with multiple subject participation.