State of the Places of Senile Dementia in the Old Hospice of the City of Lubumbashi

The objective of this study was to describe the state of the scene of senile dementia in an intra-institutional environment in the city of Lubumbashi. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study, over a period of three months, from February 20 to May 20, 2016. The study population is made up of the residents of the 9 retirement institutions for senior citizens (old people’s home) which counts the city of Lubumbashi. Participation was voluntary with informed consent duly signed by the patient. The probable cases of dementia were detected through the CSI-D and the 5-word test. A predominance of Alzheimer’s was noted (76.92%) and most of them were widowed (69.23%). The mean age of the dementia population was 76.46 ± 9.87 years, while (69.23%) of the patients were out of school. In (23.08%) cases demented patients were male, with a sex ratio of 0.3. Nearly (46.15%) of the demented were drinking. It appears that (69.23%) of the dementias were hypertensive. There are associations between different risk factors and the presence of dementias. Alcohol with an OR (Odd Ratio) = 0.08 (95% CI [0.01 - 0.72], p < 0.05). In our environment, our results indicate a different situation with a much higher prevalence.

Review: Hu Houxuan, "Xia and the Tu State in the Oracle Inscriptions: A Consideration" Gudai Chengbang Shi Yanjiu (Studies on Ancient City States) Renmin Press, 1989, Pp. 340-353.

This article verified that the Tu state mentioned in the oracle inscriptions was the Xia people after the Xia Dynasty had been conquered by Tang, the first king of the Shang Dynasty m c.a. 16th century B.C. The state of Xia, which originated from Yu, was entitled "Xia Hou"; its king was hence called "Xia Hou Di" (Emperor of Xia Hou), e.g."Xia Hou Di Qi". The Xia people, together with the Yin (Shang) people, and the Zhou people, were the so-called "people of San Dai" (Three Dynasties). As mentioned in "Lunyu, Bayi", they founded the states, with the Xia people being associated with the pine, the Yin people with the cypress, and the Zhou people with the chestnut.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Unsafe State of Arable Land Resources:A Case Study of Chengdu City

We establish the unsafe state indicator system reflecting the unsafe state of arable land within the scope of the city. Using analytic hierarchy process and entropy method,we determine the weight of indicator; using linear weighted method,we conduct comprehensive evaluation of unsafe operation of arable land resource system in Chengdu City during the period 1999-2010. Through the unsafe state analysis,we draw the following conclusion: the share of arable land area in total land area,effective irrigation area,the area of low-yielding field,application rate of chemical fertilizer per unit area of arable land,and application rate of pesticide per unit area of arable land,are the key factors for easing the unsafe state in the short term. Finally we put forth the following recommendations: strengthening profound understanding of the seriousness of unsafe state of arable land; strengthening the basic arable land protection; continuing to tap the quality enhancement potential of arable land; consistently implementing the guideline and policy of " Combination of Use and Maintenance" .

New York City与New York State

《当代大学英语强化阅读》第3册Unit 2 New York的课后练习里有这样一个判断正误的题目：“New York is the capital city of New York State”。在教学过程中，我提问学生时，全班竟然一致回答“true”

Acceptability of Immunization against COVID-19 by the Populations of the Kasenga State Health Area in the Uvira Health Zone, DR Congo

Introduction: COVID-19 was an emerging disease putting all public health systems in countries around the world in a state of emergency. To be able to prevent its spread and morbidity and mortality, several appropriate strategies were necessary, such as vaccination. The latter has been the subject of controversy. The objective of the present study is therefore to evaluate the factors associated with the acceptance of this vaccine within the population of the Kasenga State Health Area. A result which will shed light on future strategies to be put in place for possible new vaccines. Methodology: Is a prospective and analytical cross-sectional study conducted over a period of approximately 1 month from January 5 to February 5, 2024. A survey questionnaire in Kobotoolbox was useful for collecting data. STATA software was very important for us in analyzing the data collected. Results: Prevalence of vaccination against COVID-19 among the population of the Kasenga State Health Area is 37.5% (28.4 - 45.6). The study revealed that reluctance is observed among most of the population for different reasons, including, first and foremost, the deliberate aspect of not wanting to take the vaccine (46.6%) and rumors that this antigen is dangerous and harmful (32.9%). 72.5% of respondents believe that the COVID-19 vaccine is a fabrication, unhealthy and that the disease itself never existed. The study proved that there was a statistical relationship between age (p = 0.001) and adherence to vaccination. And the refusal of respondents to recommend the vaccine to loved ones was a factor associated with non-adherence to vaccination (OR = 7.901, 95% IC [3.028 - 20.615], p = 0.000). Conclusion: Vaccination against COVID-19 was not well accepted by the population of the study site. Raising public awareness and involving community leaders and political-administrative authorities, which has not been done well, would play an important role in the good perception of the disease, of the vaccine and therefore in its adherence.

The Self-Government of Greek Cities and the Local Administration of Parthian Empire

The Greek cities under Parthian rule inherited the legacy of local administration from the Seleucid Empire.Parthian King Mithridates I conquered the Mesopotamian region and the Iranian plateau.Due to factors such as ongoing conquests and political instability,the Greek cities were granted a special autonomous status.After the death of the Parthian king Mithridates Il,the Parthian nobility gained too much power which weakened the central authority,and intense struggles emerged between the elites and the populace within the Greek cities.The Parthian kings began to strengthen their control over the Greek cities by granting the title of“philoi” to local elites,making them the royal agent,thus establishing a relationship of trust.By efectively utilizing the Greek cities'autonomous tradition,the Parthian kings were able to flexibly adjust their relationship to these cities,which proved to be an important approach in improving local governance effectiveness.

Considerations About Municipal Government Finance in the State of the Espirito Santo： 2001/2009

Fiscal decentralization in Brazil has promoted a break in the national collection system and granted greater autonomy to states and municipalities against the federal government with regard to fundraising. The theoretical difference emerged, when one observes the greatest proliferation of local entities from the autonomy granted by the Federal Constitution （FC） from 1988 to the various levels of government, many of which almost totally depend on inter-governmental transfers. There are those who advocate the strengthening of public actions from observing the problems of small units （municipalities） and who will now have greater decision-making freedom. Therefore, this article aims to analyze the public finances of municipalities in the core theoretical （all people born in Espirito Santo） state guided by the Fiscal Responsibility Law （FRL） and fiscal decentralization in the country. For this purpose, they were taken as the time frame 2001 and 2009. Methodologically, this paper used a literature review, as well as data from the National Treasury Secretariat （STN）. In addition, authors took as a tool to help multiple regression models to strengthen the results. The principal evidence shows that, even with a slight improvement in the framework of indicators of revenue, these municipalities have proved essentially dependent on resources from the Union. Additionally, the results show a relative reduction of spending on items, such as staff costs and legislation in one year to another. In parallel, there were greater participation of the variables, costs of health and sanitation, education and culture, among others, to explain the variation of the expenditure of municipalities in Espirito Santo in the years observed. The data fit well to the model with a significance level of 1%.

面向一统的都城规划——再论隋大兴的空间形制建构及其历史意义

隋大兴是在一统全国过程中规划建设的新都城。其营建不仅在于都城空间本身,也包括以都城为核心面向整个疆域的一系列空间建构。本文分析了中国古代“大一统”思想的发展演变以及隋大兴的建设背景,认为隋初围绕大兴城在疆域范围、近畿区域、都城形态三个层面的一系列空间建构是中国古代“大一统”思想与全国一统进程实际需要相结合的空间政治实践,呼应了当时的军事、政治、经济、文化等需求,丰富和发展了“大一统”理念在都城规划中的表达,提高了都城在国家秩序建构和国家认同形成方面的作用,推动了隋唐“大一统”时代的形成和巩固。

范蠡规划越国新都蠡测

都城是国家的政治文化中心,都城规划设计是关系立国立都的大事。春秋末期,吴越两国争霸,结怨相伐,筑城为据。公元前490年,吴王夫差释放了越王勾践,勾践归国后,委托范蠡建设新都。范蠡利用今绍兴府山南麓兴建山阴小城,接着又在小城东侧兴建大城。根据东汉时赵晔撰《吴越春秋·勾践归国外传第八》的描述,对越国新都进行规画复原,揭示规划设计的思想观念与技术方法。

湖北荆州张大冢战国楚墓出土青铜器的成分与金相研究

利用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、金相显微镜对荆州市纪南镇雨台村张大冢战国墓地出土12件青铜器进行成分与金相分析。结果表明,12件青铜器分别为铅锡青铜、锡铅青铜和锡青铜3种材质,铅锡(或锡铅)青铜器普遍含铅量较高,青铜器多以铸造成形,铜盘均采用热锻加工技术。不同类型及使用功能的器物,其合金成分与金相组织存在明显差异。张大冢墓地作为战国中晚期的楚国下等级贵族家族墓地,出土青铜容器也多为素面薄壁,锈蚀较为严重,但其出土青铜器的合金配比、制作技术及机械性能均展现出战国中晚期楚国工匠已经拥有成熟的青铜合金、铸造以及加工技术,也揭示出当时工匠有意识地在青铜明器与实用器的合金技术上存在区别对待,为全面认识东周时期楚都纪南城青铜冶铸业的发展状况提供科学依据。

国家的城市及其限度——从政治仪轨到人民至上

在城市发展史中,城市参与了现代国家的建构,现代城市从单一的国家权力表征逐步嬗变为资本与社会的空间结果。基于工商业的快速推动,国家对于城市的控制开始松动,城市在世界范围的增长也把大大小小的城镇纳入基于全球价值链的城市体系之中。但是不受控制的、基于资本的权力同样支配了城乡之间和城市内部的空间分布,进而损害了城市的核心价值。人民国家意味着人民主权,国家的城市与人民的城市拥有一致的政治目标;城市增长到城市高质量发展的转变,高水平的城市治理和高标准的公共生活,正是这一目标的体现。而实现这一目标仍然需要国家以妥善的形式重新进入城市,在权力自我约束的前提下,以人民性统领城市性,以人民性规范城市发展路径。

森林生态产品价值实现的生态产业化经营实践与探索——以腾冲市沙坝国有林场为例

文章阐述了腾冲市沙坝国有林场探索森林生态产品价值实现的生态产业化经营实践现状,分析研究了其在资金、用地、经营权限、价值评估、收益分配等方面存在的问题,并提出了相关优化措施与政策建议,以期进一步提升生态产业化经营水平,促进以市场为主导的森林生态产品价值实现。

古希腊的社会支持体系与城邦救济机制

古希腊的社会救济主要依靠社会支持体系、公共支持体系以及城邦救济机制,社会支持体系包括家庭支持与社会共同体支持,公共支持体系包括共地支持、自愿捐献和公共慈善,城邦救济机制包括国家薪金与工作救济等,构成一种以社会支持体系为基础,公共支持体系为依托,城邦救济机制为支撑的社会救济体系。正是上述社会支持体系、公共支持体系与城邦救济机制,使得古希腊虽然没有建立社会救济制度,却可以在一定程度上应对贫困,并为西欧社会的贫困治理奠定了文化基因。

4000年前的黄河关口——碧村遗址视角下的文明起源探索

碧村遗址是在以中原为中心的中华多元一体文明形成的关键时期,于河套和晋南碰撞交融的关键通道上诞生的一座特殊城池,先天地理位置让其成为沟通黄河两岸的重要关口。由于其与“比邻”都邑聚落石峁,在同一考古学文化下,彼此形成了唇齿相依的紧密关系,构成了都邑与边鄙功能性城池的两级政治结构,为中华文明起源研究中河套模式的探索提供了一种考察路径。在此基础上,结合同时期其它区域的中心聚落,可进一步勾勒黄河中游地区4000年前后的文明景观,初步展现天下万国时代黄土高原政治轮廓。

美国、欧洲国家与中国职业体育城市的集聚特点及形成机制分析

采用文献资料等方法,对中国、美国和欧洲国家拥有顶级职业球队的城市分布特点及形成机制进行分析。结果显示,中国、美国和欧洲国家的体育职业俱乐部无论以何种形式起步,职业体育联盟管理无论是以开放式还是闭合式为主,在行政区划以及地理分布上,均呈现出明显的空间集聚特征。中国、美国和欧洲国家体育职业俱乐部大多分布在经济发达地区,通过市场化运作创造利润,实现了投入与收益的良性循环,体现出“马太效应”特征。结论:职业体育联盟城市的分布表现出集聚性,这种特点是多种因素综合作用的结果,这些因素既有职业体育发展早期经济因素,也有现阶段城市经营理念中经济和文化因素的影响。

透视美国地方行政管理——基于城市经理和公务员身份的相通性

1883年的美国联邦公务员改革,可视为美国转向现代行政国家的历史起点。随后,美国地方政府接续了联邦和州的行政改革运动,构建了新的市政体制。其中,新创的城市经理制最具影响力,也与公务员改革的行政价值观最为恰切。因此,城市经理与公务员在职业身份与定位上有诸多的相通性。在地方行政管理中,“去政治化”的需求,决定了事务性官员的职业类属与权力特性;“背景来源”的专业化要求与“待遇优厚”对职业地位的保障,凸显出行政在效率、稳定与中立方面的偏好;“行政本位”原则,寓于两者职业价值观与职业合法性之中。而这些相通性的背后,又蕴含着美国地方行政管理在制度安排上的独立性与理念的同一性。

纪实影像中旧金山城市形象建构研究——以纪录片《航拍美国:城市24小时—旧金山》为例

通过梳理美国纪录片《航拍美国:城市24小时——旧金山》中旧金山的理念、行为、视觉形象,探析这些城市形象的主要建构方式和影响城市形象建构的因素。研究发现,该纪录片以城市的历史性和现代性作为底层叙述逻辑,将设计好的形象进行建构与串联,试图在满足制片方和相关政府的政治、经济、文化利益诉求的同时,塑造出旧金山正面、多元、全面的城市形象。

非定形:“共享”诉求下的未来空间形态

随着技术迭代的加速,社会正在经历由移动互联网、智能终端等引发的变革,未来比预想的提前到来。作为社会发展的空间载体,建筑与城市也将面临转变,“共享”作为设计核心诉求正引发建筑与城市形态从“定形”趋向“非定形”。文章阐释“共享”语义转向背景下的空间“非定形”状态的意义,指出建筑与城市的“非定形”形态表现,为未来城市与建筑发展提供研究视野。

城邦、政体、教育:亚里士多德《政治学》的三一结构

如果不考虑原初样态等因素,仅从现存文本的分析出发,亚里士多德的《政治学》可分为三个论题单元:第Ⅰ~Ⅱ卷为第一单元,论题为城邦;第Ⅲ~Ⅵ卷为第二单元,论题为政体;第Ⅶ~Ⅷ卷为第三单元,论题为教育。这三个论题之间为互涵、互摄的关系,可称之为三一结构:在第一单元,城邦等于政体;在第二单元,政体决定城邦;在第三单元,教育实现最好城邦和最好政体。教育是《政治学》全书的顶点,是古希腊政治文明传统的核心,是耶格尔所谓的“古希腊文化的理想”。如是理解,可以解决学术史上的一些难题。