“Human-elephant conflict(HEC)”,the alarming issue,in present day context has attracted the attention of environmentalists and policy makers.The rising conflict between human beings and wild elephants is common in Bu...“Human-elephant conflict(HEC)”,the alarming issue,in present day context has attracted the attention of environmentalists and policy makers.The rising conflict between human beings and wild elephants is common in Buxa Tiger Reserve(BTR)and its adjoining area in West Bengal State,India,making the area volatile.People’s attitudes towards elephant conservation activity are very crucial to get rid of HEC,because people’s proximity with wild elephants’habitat can trigger the occurrence of HEC.The aim of this study is to conduct an in-depth investigation about the association of people’s attitudes towards HEC with their locational,demographic,and socio-economic characteristics in BTR and its adjoining area by using Pearson’s bivariate chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis.BTR is one of the constituent parts of Eastern Doors Elephant Reserve(EDER).We interviewed 500 respondents to understand their perceptions to HEC and investigated their locational,demographic,and socio-economic characteristics including location of village,gender,age,ethnicity,religion,caste,poverty level,education level,primary occupation,secondary occupation,household type,and source of firewood.The results indicate that respondents who are living in enclave forest villages(EFVs),peripheral forest villages(PFVs),corridor village(CVs),or forest and corridor villages(FCVs),mainly males,at the age of 18–48 years old,engaged with agriculture occupation,and living in kancha and mixed houses,have more likelihood to witness HEC.Besides,respondents who are illiterate or at primary education level are more likely to regard elephant as a main problematic animal around their villages and refuse to participate in elephant conservation activity.For the sake of a sustainable environment for both human beings and wildlife,people’s attitudes towards elephants must be friendly in a more prudent way,so that the two communities can live in harmony.展开更多
In this paper,the authors collected officially published literature on the South China tiger(Panthera tigris amoyensis)in Guizhou from 1900 to 1980,from which we extracted information on its historical distribution an...In this paper,the authors collected officially published literature on the South China tiger(Panthera tigris amoyensis)in Guizhou from 1900 to 1980,from which we extracted information on its historical distribution and population size,and collected data on the tiger skin trade after 1950,the change in subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forest cover,and demographic data in the relevant databases.GIS mapping was used to visualize the distribution range of the South China tiger in Guizhou Province during the period 1900–1980 and to discuss the history of its disappearance in Guizhou and its driving factors.The results show that in 1900,the South China tiger was distributed throughout 82 cities and counties in nine prefectures and municipalities in the province;the number of documented South China tiger distribution sites in 1900–1950 decreased to 48 compared to 1900;the number of counties with South China tigers in 1950–1980 further decreased and became extinct in some areas;and in the 1990s,the South China tiger became extinct in the wild in Guizhou.The main reasons for the extinction of the South China tiger in the wild in Guizhou are:on the one hand,with the socio-economic development of Guizhou Province,the population has increased dramatically,the magnitude of the demand for natural resources has increased,and in order to satisfy this demand,human activities,such as coal mining and clearing of mountains for planting,have been intensified,resulting in the reduction of the coverage rate of the subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests,which has resulted in the extreme loss of the habitat of the South China tiger;on the other hand,the insufficient protection efforts and protection measures for this species in the country before the 1980s,which were subjected to anthropogenic hunting,were also factors leading to the extinction of this species in the wild in Guizhou Province.As a big cat at the top of the food chain,the distribution of the South China tiger can reflect the history of the natural environment in the region.By analyzing and discussing the distribution history of the South China tiger population in Guizhou Province,the significance of this case is to provide a scientific basis for the future conservation of biodiversity and the development of ecological restoration measures in the karst mountains of southern China.展开更多
The various behaviors of four Amur tigers in captivity were investigated in March from 1998 to 2001 in Harbin Zoo. The results showed that the behavior could be divided into 5 major types: moving, resting, sleeping, e...The various behaviors of four Amur tigers in captivity were investigated in March from 1998 to 2001 in Harbin Zoo. The results showed that the behavior could be divided into 5 major types: moving, resting, sleeping, eating and other behaviors (including drinking, urinating, grooming, playing, standing). Of all behavioral models, sleeping and moving behaviors alone accounted for 75.18% and were two major behavioral models of all behaviors. Resting, eating and other behaviors accounted for 24.82%. Apart from eating, one male and two female individuals have similar peak periods of 4 major behaviors (one peak period in the daytime, and one peak period at night), similar to that of wild Amur tiger. However, one female individual have two clear peak periods at night.展开更多
The Lady or the Tiger是美国法兰克·史塔顿1882年出版的一部著名悲剧短篇小说。小说从践踏生命权、漠视尊严权的人权悲剧叙事开始,描述了一个充满悲凉和残酷的社会悲剧现状,并借此引出人物悲剧。在个人悲剧叙事部分,小说对人物内...The Lady or the Tiger是美国法兰克·史塔顿1882年出版的一部著名悲剧短篇小说。小说从践踏生命权、漠视尊严权的人权悲剧叙事开始,描述了一个充满悲凉和残酷的社会悲剧现状,并借此引出人物悲剧。在个人悲剧叙事部分,小说对人物内心的伦理纠结进行了详尽叙述。整个小说交替使用非聚焦型叙事方式和声音叙事方式,从视觉和听觉上强化悲剧的冲击力和震撼力。小说的字里行间从始至终弥漫着无奈的悲情色彩,悲剧情节扣人心弦。展开更多
文摘“Human-elephant conflict(HEC)”,the alarming issue,in present day context has attracted the attention of environmentalists and policy makers.The rising conflict between human beings and wild elephants is common in Buxa Tiger Reserve(BTR)and its adjoining area in West Bengal State,India,making the area volatile.People’s attitudes towards elephant conservation activity are very crucial to get rid of HEC,because people’s proximity with wild elephants’habitat can trigger the occurrence of HEC.The aim of this study is to conduct an in-depth investigation about the association of people’s attitudes towards HEC with their locational,demographic,and socio-economic characteristics in BTR and its adjoining area by using Pearson’s bivariate chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis.BTR is one of the constituent parts of Eastern Doors Elephant Reserve(EDER).We interviewed 500 respondents to understand their perceptions to HEC and investigated their locational,demographic,and socio-economic characteristics including location of village,gender,age,ethnicity,religion,caste,poverty level,education level,primary occupation,secondary occupation,household type,and source of firewood.The results indicate that respondents who are living in enclave forest villages(EFVs),peripheral forest villages(PFVs),corridor village(CVs),or forest and corridor villages(FCVs),mainly males,at the age of 18–48 years old,engaged with agriculture occupation,and living in kancha and mixed houses,have more likelihood to witness HEC.Besides,respondents who are illiterate or at primary education level are more likely to regard elephant as a main problematic animal around their villages and refuse to participate in elephant conservation activity.For the sake of a sustainable environment for both human beings and wildlife,people’s attitudes towards elephants must be friendly in a more prudent way,so that the two communities can live in harmony.
文摘In this paper,the authors collected officially published literature on the South China tiger(Panthera tigris amoyensis)in Guizhou from 1900 to 1980,from which we extracted information on its historical distribution and population size,and collected data on the tiger skin trade after 1950,the change in subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forest cover,and demographic data in the relevant databases.GIS mapping was used to visualize the distribution range of the South China tiger in Guizhou Province during the period 1900–1980 and to discuss the history of its disappearance in Guizhou and its driving factors.The results show that in 1900,the South China tiger was distributed throughout 82 cities and counties in nine prefectures and municipalities in the province;the number of documented South China tiger distribution sites in 1900–1950 decreased to 48 compared to 1900;the number of counties with South China tigers in 1950–1980 further decreased and became extinct in some areas;and in the 1990s,the South China tiger became extinct in the wild in Guizhou.The main reasons for the extinction of the South China tiger in the wild in Guizhou are:on the one hand,with the socio-economic development of Guizhou Province,the population has increased dramatically,the magnitude of the demand for natural resources has increased,and in order to satisfy this demand,human activities,such as coal mining and clearing of mountains for planting,have been intensified,resulting in the reduction of the coverage rate of the subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests,which has resulted in the extreme loss of the habitat of the South China tiger;on the other hand,the insufficient protection efforts and protection measures for this species in the country before the 1980s,which were subjected to anthropogenic hunting,were also factors leading to the extinction of this species in the wild in Guizhou Province.As a big cat at the top of the food chain,the distribution of the South China tiger can reflect the history of the natural environment in the region.By analyzing and discussing the distribution history of the South China tiger population in Guizhou Province,the significance of this case is to provide a scientific basis for the future conservation of biodiversity and the development of ecological restoration measures in the karst mountains of southern China.
基金This paper was supported by the National Forestry Bureau (97-27).
文摘The various behaviors of four Amur tigers in captivity were investigated in March from 1998 to 2001 in Harbin Zoo. The results showed that the behavior could be divided into 5 major types: moving, resting, sleeping, eating and other behaviors (including drinking, urinating, grooming, playing, standing). Of all behavioral models, sleeping and moving behaviors alone accounted for 75.18% and were two major behavioral models of all behaviors. Resting, eating and other behaviors accounted for 24.82%. Apart from eating, one male and two female individuals have similar peak periods of 4 major behaviors (one peak period in the daytime, and one peak period at night), similar to that of wild Amur tiger. However, one female individual have two clear peak periods at night.
文摘The Lady or the Tiger是美国法兰克·史塔顿1882年出版的一部著名悲剧短篇小说。小说从践踏生命权、漠视尊严权的人权悲剧叙事开始,描述了一个充满悲凉和残酷的社会悲剧现状,并借此引出人物悲剧。在个人悲剧叙事部分,小说对人物内心的伦理纠结进行了详尽叙述。整个小说交替使用非聚焦型叙事方式和声音叙事方式,从视觉和听觉上强化悲剧的冲击力和震撼力。小说的字里行间从始至终弥漫着无奈的悲情色彩,悲剧情节扣人心弦。
