Effect of oral garlic on arterial oxygen pressure in children with hepatopulmonary syndrome

AIM： To study the effect of oral garlic on arterial oxygen pressure in children with hepatopulmonary syndrome, METHODS： Garlic powder in a capsule form was given to 15 children with hepatopulmonary syndrome （confirmed by contrast echocardiography） at the dosage of 1 g/1.73 m^2 per day. Patients were evaluated clinically and by arterial blood gas every four weeks. RESULTS： The garlic capsule was administered to 15 patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome. There were 10 boys and 5 girls with a mean age of 9.4 ± 3.9 years. The underlying problems were biliary tract atresia （4 patients）, autoimmune hepatitis （4 patients）, cryptogenic cirrhosis （4 patients） and presinusoidal portal hypertension （3 patients）. Eight patients （53.3%） showed an increase of 10 mmHg in their mean arterial oxygen pressure. The baseline PaO2 was 65.6 ± 12.1 mmHg in the responder group and 47.1 ± 11.2 mmHg in nonresponder group. At the end of treatment the mean PaO2 in responders and non-responders was 92.2 ± 7.75 mmHg and 47.5 ± 11.87 mmHg, respectively （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Garlic may increase oxygenation and improve dyspnea in children with hepatopulmonary syndrome.

High temperature oxidation of powder metallurgy two phase Cu Cr alloys under low oxygen pressure

The oxidation of two phase Cu Cr alloys containing 25% and 50% Cr prepared by powder metallurgy (PM) with a rather uniform two phase microstructure has been studied at 700～900 ℃ under oxygen pressure below the stability of the copper oxides. The two PM alloys oxidized very slowly and formed only external Cr 2O 3 scales rather than undergoing an internal oxidation of chromium. This result is attributed mainly to a supply of chromium from the small Cr rich particles dispersed within the Cu rich phase. The oxidation kinetics of the two PM Cu Cr alloys approximately followed the parabolic rate law. The scaling rates are of the same order as those measured for pure chromium under the same oxygen pressure, but smaller than those for the alloys of similar composition prepared by normal arc melting techniques, whose compositions were largely non uniform. The results are interpreted in terms of the two phase nature of these alloys.

Effect of Higher Mean Arterial Pressure with Norepinephrine on Tissue Oxygenation and Perfusion in Patients of Septic Shock

The current survival sepsis guideline proposes the use of vasopressors and fluid resuscitation to maintain the mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≥ 65 mmHg. Titrating catecholamine infusion to achieve higher MAP has been demonstrated to improve tissue oxygenation, microcirculation, renal function and overall outcome of the patient in some studies and literature on actual hemodynamic goals is scarce. AIM: To study the influence of two MAP on tissue oxygenation and perfusion parameters in patients of septic shock on norepinephrine infusion. SUBJECT AND MATERIALS: Forty adult patients with the diagnosis of septic shock were enrolled. In all patients norepinephrine was titrated to first stabilize the MAP at 65 ± 5 mmHg (Set I), followed by MAP of 85 ± 5 mmHg (Set II). Heart rate (HR), Central venous oxygen saturation (SCVO2), Transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen (PtcO2) by TCM 400/TINA (using miniature Clark electrode), Arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2), PtO2/PaO2 ratio, Urine output and Serum Base deficit were recorded in each Set after 2 hrs of stabilization. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen PtcO2 (p tO2/PaO2 (p < 0.0001), ScvO2 (p < 0.0001), urine output (p < 0.006) on increasing the MAP from 65mmHg to 85mmHg. Serum base deficit also improved (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Higher MAP with norepinephrine is associated with better perfusion, oxygenation parameters in patients with established septic shock. These findings suggest that there is improvement in tissue oxygenation parameters using escalating doses of norepinephrine to achieve higher MAP without inherent adverse

Sleep Quality for Patients Receiving Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation and Nasal High-Flow Oxygen Therapy in an ICU: Two Case Studies

Aim: The purpose of this case study was to examine the sleep quality of patients receiving noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) or nasal high-flow oxygen therapy (NHF) in an intensive care unit and to investigate what types of nursing support are offered to such patients. Methods: We examined one patient each for NPPV and NHF. Polysomnography (PSG), review of the patient charts, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data for analysis. Results: Patients treated with NPPV or NHF demonstrated a noticeable reduction in deep sleep, with most of their sleep being shallow. Their sleep patterns varied greatly from those of healthy individuals. These results suggest that, in addition to experiencing extremely fragmented sleep, sleep in these patients was more likely to be interrupted by nursing interventions, such as during auscultation of breath sounds. Furthermore, it was revealed that “anxiety or discomfort that accompanies the mask or air pressure” in patients treated with NPPV and “discomfort that accompanies the nasal cannula or NHF circuit” in patients treated with NHF may be primary causes of disrupted sleep. Our results suggest a need for nursing care aimed at improving sleep quality in patients treated with NPPV or NHF.

A new technology for controlling in-situ oxygen fugacity in diamond anvil cells and measuring electrical conductivity of anhydrous olivine at high pressures and temperatures

We present a novel technique for controlling oxygen fugacity,which is broadly used to in-situ measure the electrical conductivities in minerals and rocks during diamond anvil cell experiments.The electrical conductivities of olivine are determined under controlled oxygen fugacity conditions(Mo–MoO2)at pressures up to 4.0 GPa and temperatures up to 873 K.The advantages of this new technique enable the measuring of the activation enthalpy,activation energy,and activation bulk volume in the Arrhenius relationship.This provides an improved understanding of the mechanism of conduction in olivine.Electrical conduction in olivine is best explained by small polaron movement,given the oxygen fugacity-dependent variations in conductivity.

Gold leaching with elemental sulfur in alkaline solutions under oxygen pressure

A gold leaching process by using oxidation products of elemental sulfur in alkaline solutions was proposed and investigated. A gold concentrate and a residue from an arsenic refractory gold concentrate by acidic oxidation leaching were tested. The residue contains 16.3% elemental sulfur and no more elemental sulfur was added in tests. For the concentrate elemental sulfur was added before leaching tests. The leaching ratio of gold depends mainly on the initial equivalent ratio of elemental sulfur to hydroxyl ions, the consumption of oxygen and the reaction temperature in the process. Analysis of the experimental results shows that thiosulfate is the majority complexing reagent for gold in the process. Over 90% gold was leached from the residue and 82%87% from the concentrate by using this process.

Influence of Ambient Gas and Oxygen Pressure on Nd∶LuVO_4 Films Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition

The （ 200 ） dominated Nd： LuVO4 films were fabricated successfully on polished SlOE under different ambient gases and different oxygen pressures. By XRD, it is shown that a film with good crystallization is deposited under oxygen and the optimal pressure is 20 Pa. The surface morphology of Nd：LuVO4 films was observed by AFM, and it is found that oxygen pressure influences the surface morphology of Nd ：LuVO4 films. The ratio of content of Nd：LuVO4 films was estimated according to the yields of Lu and V by using RBS spectra, this ratio is in good agreement with the target composition. The effective index refractive of every mode is 2.0044, 1.7098, measured by prism coupler method.

Oxidation of Fe-Cr-Ni Alloys in a Low Oxygen Partial Pressure Atmosphere to Mitigate Coke Formation

Anti-coking oxide films were prepared on a 25Cr35Ni and 35Cr45Ni alloy surface under the low oxygen partialpressure atmosphere of a H2-H2O mixture. The composition and phase structure of the oxide films were analyzed by energydispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The anti-cokingperformance of a mini tube made of a HP40 (25Cr35Ni) alloy was evaluated on a bench scale pyrolysis and coking test unit.The results showed that the surface Fe and Ni content decreased after the oxidation of the two alloys in a low oxygen partialpressure atmosphere. The oxide films were mainly composed of MnCr_(2)O_(4) and Cr_(2)O_(3). The average mass of coke in the minitube with oxide film decreased by 87% relative to that of a tube without an oxide film when the cracking temperature was 900℃. The ethylene, propylene, and butadiene yields in the pyrolysis tests were almost the same for the mini tubes withand without an oxide film. The oxide film on the alloy surface effectively inhibited catalytic filamentous coke formation.An industrial test showed that the run length of the cracking furnace with the in-situ coating technology was significantlyextended.

Effect of Oxygen Partial Pressure on Epitaxial Growth and Properties of Laser-Ablated AZO Thin Films

Al-doped ZnO（AZO） thin films were grown on c-sapphire substrates by laser ablation under different oxygen partial pressures（P_（O2））.The effect of P_（O2） on the crystal structure,preferred orientation as well as the electrical and optical properties of the films was investigated.The structure characterizations indicated that the as-grown films were single-phased with a wurtzite ZnO structure,showing a significant c-axis orientation.The films were well crystallized and exhibited better crystallinity and denser texture when deposited at higher P_（O2）.At the optimum oxygen partial pressures of 10- 15 Pa,the AZO thin films were epitaxially grown on c-sapphire substrates with the（0001） plane parallel to the substrate surface,i e,the epitaxial relationship was AZO（000 1） // A1_2O_3（000 1）.With increasing P_（O2）,the value of Hall carrier mobility was increased remarkably while that of carrier concentration was decreased slightly,which led to an enhancement in electrical conductivity of the AZO thin films.All the films were highly transparent with an optical transmittance higher than 85%.

Observation on the Clinical Effect of Different Pressures in Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Patients with Diffuse Axonal Injury

Objective:To observe the efficacy and significance of hyperbaric oxygen at different pressures in the treatment of diffuse axonal injury(DAI).Methods:Sixty patients with DAI were randomly divided into 1.8 ATA group(30 cases)and 2.2 ATA group(30 cases).The routine treatment for each group was the same.The 1.8 ATA.group received hyperbaric oxygen therapy under 1.8 ATA on the basis of routine treatment,whereas the 2.2 ATA group received hyperbaric oxygen therapy under 2.2 ATA.on the basis of routine treatment.The therapy was given once a day over 3 consecutive courses,with each course having 10 sessions.The Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)on day 10,day 20,and day 30 after treatment,as well as the Glasgow Outcome Scale(GOS)after 6 months were compared between the two groups.Results:The mean GCS on day 10,day 20,and day 30 after treatment,as well as the mean GOS after 6 months of treatment in the 2.2 ATA group were significantly higher than those in the 1.8 ATA group(p<0.05).Conclusion:For patients with dififtise axonal injury,hyperbaric oxygen therapy is more effective with 2.2 ATA.compared with 1.8 ATA.

Influence of Leakage from Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation Mask on FiO₂Value Delivered by Home Oxygen Therapy Concentrator: A Bench Study on Simulating Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Introduction: During the application of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) therapy in home mechanical ventilation (HMV), leaks in the NPPV mask may occur owing to the position of the mask due to conditions such as skin disorders. Methods: To investigate whether such a leak affects FiO2 supplied to the alveoli, we simulated a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder during NPPV in HMV. In addition, FiO2 was measured in the portion assumed to be the mouth and lungs while setting the flow of the oxygen concentrator and leak amount based on a previous study. Results: FiO2 supplied to the lungs increased statistically significantly upon increasing the amount of leak (P Conclusions: We observed that FiO2 supplied to alveoli can be reduced by a leak in the NPPV mask. Because our results differ from those previously reported, we believe that further studies should reassess the selection of respirators and oxygen concentrators.

Extracting vanadium from stone-coal by oxygen pressure acid leaching and solvent extraction

Vanadium extraction from stone-coal was investigated by oxygen pressure acid leaching and solvent extraction.The mineralogy of the stone-coal from Tongren City of Guizhou Province,China,was investigated by various determination methods. The effects of leaching time,leaching temperature,leaching agent concentration,leaching L/S ratio,granularity of material,additive consumption were investigated based on the mineralogy.The results show that under the conditions of leaching time of 3-4 h, temperature of 150℃,sulfuric acid consumption of 25%?30%,ratio of liquid to solid of 1.2:1,the granularity less than 0.074 mm, additive consumption of 3%-5%,and oxygen pressure of 1.2 MPa,and the vanadium leaching rate can be more than 92%by the method of two-step pressurized acid leaching.The powdery V2O5 product with 99.52%in V2O5 content is obtained by the flowsheet of acid recovery,removing iron by reduction process,solvent extraction,precipitating vanadium with ammonium water,and pyrolysis from the stone-coal oxygen pressure acid-leaching solution.The total recovery efficiency of vanadium is above 85%,which is more than 20%higher than that obtained in the conventional process.Furthermore,the new process does not cause air pollution since no HCl or Cl2 is released by calcination of the raw material.

Hemodynamics and oxygen transport dynamics during hepatic resection at different central venous pressures in a pig model

BACKGROUND: Although low central venous pressure (CVP) has been used to minimize blood loss during hepatectomy the impact of variations of CVP on the rate of blood loss and on the perfusion of end-organs has not been evaluated This animal study aimed to evaluate the hemodynamics and oxygen transport changes during hepatic resection at different CVP levels. METHODS: Forty-eight anesthetized Bama miniature pigs were divided into 8 groups with CVP during hepatic resection controlled at 0 to <1, 1 to <2, 2 to <3, 3 to <4, 4 to <5, 5 to <6, 6 to <7, and 7 to <8 cmH 2 O. Intergroup comparisons were made for hemodynamic parameters, oxygen transport dynamics, and the rate of blood loss. RESULTS: The rate of blood loss and the hepatic venous pressure during hepatic resection were almost linearly related to the CVP. A significant drop in the mean arterial pressure cardiac output, and cardiac index occurred between CVP ≥2 and <2 cmH 2 O. Oxygen delivery (DO 2 ), oxygen consumption (VO 2 ) and oxygen extraction ratio (ERO 2 ) remained relatively constant between CVPs of 2 to <8 cmH 2 O. There was a significant drop in DO 2 when the CVP was <2 cmH 2 O. There was also a significant drop in VO 2 and ExO 2 when the CVP was <1 cmH 2 O.CONCLUSION: The optimal CVP for hepatic resection is 2to 3 cmH2O.

An investigation of oxygen pressure acid leaching of Gacun complex Cu-Pb bulk concentrate

The treatment of the Gacun complex Cu-Pb bulk concentrate with high Zn,Ag,etc.,by oxygen pressure acid leaching was studied.The pri-mary copper and leadminerals in the concentrate are tetrahedrite and galena.The treatment of tetrahedrite was rarely studied,and most of silver occurred in themineral too.The optimum operating parameters of oxygen pressure acid leaching were established by conditional tests.Under these parameters,the result of pilot scale test showed that the leaching percentages of copper and zinc were separately as high as 98.9 wt.% and 94.9 wt.%,while lead and silver were transformed into sulfate and sulfide precipitations,respectively.The copper and zinc in lixivium were reclaimed by extraction-electrowinning and purification-electrowinning,respectively,and the lead and silver in the residue were reclaimed separately by carbonate transformation-silicofluoric acid leaching and thiourea leaching.

Effect of ambient oxygen pressure on structural, optical and electrical properties of SnO_2 thin films

PolycrystaUine SnO2 thin films were deposited on sapphire substrates at 450℃ under different ambient oxygen pressures by pulsed laser deposition technique. The effect of ambient oxygen pressure on the structural, optical and electrical properties of SnO2 thin films was studied. X-my diffraction and Hall measurements show that increasing the ambient oxygen pressure can improve crystallization of the films and decrease resistivity of the films. A violet emission peak centered at 409 nm was observed from photoluminescence measurements for SnO2 films under deposition ambient oxygen pressure above 5 Pa, which is related to the improvement of crystalline of the films.

Recovery of gallium from zinc concentrate by pressure oxygen leaching

Zinc concentrate with high gallium content is one of the main resources of gallium.The gallium presents in the form of isomorphism in tetrahedron coordination with sulfur in sphalerite.The research was to investigate the amenability of zinc concentrate with high gallium to pressure oxygen leaching.The particle size,sulfuric acid concentration,oxygen partial pressure,additive amount,and time of reaction were studied.The extraction yields of gallium and zinc are 86%and 98%,respectively.The optimal condition is 100 g of zinc concentrate with particle size smaller than 38 lm,sulfuric acid concentration150 g L-1,leaching temperature 150℃,leaching time120 min,oxygen partial pressure 0.7 MPa,additive amount of 0.2 wt%.

Experimental Study on the Electrical Conductivity of Orthopyroxene at High Temperature and High Pressure under Different Oxygen Fugacities

At presure 1.0-4.0 GPa and temperature 1073-1423 K and under oxygen partial pressure conditions, a YJ-3000t multi-anvil solid high-pressure apparatus and Sarltron-1260 Impedance/Gain-Phase analyzer were employed to conduct an in-situ measurement of the electrical conductivity of orthopyroxene. The buffering reagents consist of Ni＋NiO, Fe＋Fe3O4, Fe＋FeO and Mo＋MoO2 in order to control the environmental oxygen fugacity. Experimental results made clear that： （1） within the measuring frequency range from 10-1 to 106 Hz, the complex impedance （R） is of intensive dependence on the frequency; （2） The electrical conductivity （a） tends to increase along to the rise of temperature （T）, and Log a vs. 1/ T fit the Arrenhius linear relations; （3） Under the control of oxygen buffer Fe＋Fe3O4, with the rise of pressure, the activation enthalpy tends to increase whereas the electrical conductivity tends to decrease. The activation energy and activation volume of the main current carders of orthopyroxene have been obtained, which are （1.715±0.035） eV and （0.03±0.01） cm^3/mol, respectively; （4） Under given pressure and temperature, the electrical conductivity tends to increase with increasing oxygen fugacity, while under given pressure the activation enthalpy tends to decrease with increasing oxygen fugacity; and （5） The sample＇s small polarons mechanism has provided a reasonable explanations to the conduction behavior at high temperature and high pressure.

Atmospheric Pressure Cold Argon/Oxygen Plasma Jet Assisted by Preionization of Syringe Needle Electrode

An atmospheric pressure nonequilibrium argon/oxygen plasma jet assisted by the preionization of syringe needle electrode discharge is reported. With the syringe needle plasma as its pre-ionization source, the hybrid barrier-jet was shown to generate uniform discharge with a lower breakdown voltage and a relatively low gas temperature varying from 390 K to 440 K, even when the vol.% oxygen in argon was up to 6%. Utilizing the actinometry method, the concentration of atomic oxygen was estimated to be about in an orders of magnitude of 10^17 cm^-3. The argon/oxygen plasma jet was then employed to clean out heat transfer oil, with a maximum cleaning rate of 0.1 mm/s achieved.

Influence of oxygen partial pressure on properties of N-doped ZnO films deposited by magnetron sputtering

N-doped ZnO films were radio frequency(RF)sputtered on glass substrates and studied as a function of oxygen partial pressure(OPP)ranging from 3.0×10-4 to 9.5×10-3 Pa.X-ray diffraction patters confirmed the polycrystalline nature of the deposited films.The crystalline structure is influenced by the variation of OPP.Atomic force microscopy analysis confirmed the agglomeration of the neighboring spherical grains with a sharp increase of root mean square(RMS)roughness when the OPP is increased above 1.4×10-3 Pa.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that the incorporation of N content into the film is decreased with the increase of OPP,noticeably N 1s XPS peaks are hardly identified at 9.5×10-3 Pa.The average visible transmittance(380-700 nm) is increased with the increase of OPP(from～17%to 70%),and the optical absorption edge shifts towards the shorter wavelength.The films deposited with low OPP(≤3.0×10-4 Pa)show n-type conductivity and those deposited with high OPP(≥9.0×10-4 Pa)are highly resistive(>105Ω·cm)

Characteristics of DBD micro-discharge at different pressure and its effect on the performance of oxygen plasma reactor

The oxygen plasma reactor based on dielectric barrier discharge principle can produce a high concentration of reactive oxygen species,which can cooperate with hydraulic cavitation gas-liquid mixer to realize the application of advanced oxidation technology in water treatment.In this technology,the work pressure of the oxygen plasma reactor is decreased by the vacuum suction effect generated in the snap-back section of the gas-liquid mixed container.In this paper,the characteristics of single micro-discharge at different pressures were investigated with the methods of discharge image,electrical characteristics and spectral diagnosis,in order to analyze the electrical characteristics and reactive oxygen species generation efficiency of oxygen plasma reactor at the pressure range from 60 kPa to 100 kPa.The study indicated that,when the pressure decreases,the duty ratio of ionization in the discharge gap and number of electrons with high energy increases,leading to a rise in reactive oxygen species production.When the oxygen reaches the maximum ionization,the concentration of reactive oxygen species is the highest.Then,the discharge intensity continues to increase,producing more heat,which will decompose the ozone and lower the production of reactive oxygen species.The oxygen plasma reactor has an optimum working pressure at different input powers,which makes the oxygen plasma reactor the most efficient in generating reactive oxygen species.