A novel multi-tube photoreactor with 0.0188m^3 valid reaction volume was constructed in pilot-scale.This rectangular reactor consisted of 13 regularly distributed silica glass tubes coating with TiO2 thin film photoca...A novel multi-tube photoreactor with 0.0188m^3 valid reaction volume was constructed in pilot-scale.This rectangular reactor consisted of 13 regularly distributed silica glass tubes coating with TiO2 thin film photocatalyst.Total active area of TiO2 thin is 0.3916m^2,The ratio of surface area to volume achieves 20.8m^-1 .Photocatalytic experiment of phenol red demonstrates that the apparent reaction rate constant(k) is 0.07465h^-1 and 0.16502h^-1 for reaction system with and without micro-bubbles mixing.The corresponding apparent quantum efficiency( Φa) is 8.1771×10^-7g·J^-1 and 4.9036×10^-7g·J^-1,rspectively,COD value of reactant could decrease to 17mg·L^-1 and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) only shows two absorption peaks in 24h photocatalytic process time,so this photoreactor has good photomineralization effect.Experimental results reveal that photocatalytic destruction of organics is possible by using the multi-tube photoreactor.展开更多
Accurate knowledge of gas flow within the reservoir and related controlling factors will be important for enhancing the production of coal bed methane.At present,most studies focused on the permeability evolution of d...Accurate knowledge of gas flow within the reservoir and related controlling factors will be important for enhancing the production of coal bed methane.At present,most studies focused on the permeability evolution of dry coal under gas adsorption equilibrium,gas flow and gas diffusion within wet coal under the generally non-equilibrium state are often ignored in the process of gas recovery.In this study,an improved apparent permeability model is proposed which accommodates the water and gas adsorption,stress dependence,water film thickness and gas flow regimes.In the process of modeling,the water adsorption is only affected by water content while the gas adsorption is time and water content dependent;based on poroelastic mechanics,the effective fracture aperture and effective pore radius are derived;and then the variation in water film thickness for different pore types under the effect of water content,stress and adsorption swelling are modeled;the flow regimes are considered based on Beskok’s model.Further,after validation with experimental data,the proposed model was applied to numerical simulations to investigate the evolution of permeability-related factors under the effect of different water contents.The gas flow in wet coal under the non-equilibrium state is explicitly revealed.展开更多
In recent years, magnetic interference thin films have gained wide attention in optical security devices field by virtue of their gonioapparent and dynamic 3D effects. Based on the color mechanism of metal-dielectric ...In recent years, magnetic interference thin films have gained wide attention in optical security devices field by virtue of their gonioapparent and dynamic 3D effects. Based on the color mechanism of metal-dielectric Fabry-Perot structure, a novel seven-layer magnetic thin film structure is proposed by adopting the ultrathin metal layer as a bonding layer and a pure metallic Ni layer as a magnetic layer as well as a reflective layer. Color target optimization optimac method is utilized that realizes the seven-layer metal-dielectric optically variable magnetic thin film structure with green at the normal incidence and purple-red at 60°. The structure effectively solves the delaminate problem and simplifies the multilayer structure. Through different combined magnetic field designs, the magnetic orientation experiment of the prepared magnetic optically variable thin film is carried out, and the 3 D anti-counterfeiting with remarkable dynamic color change effect is obtained, which provides a new solution for optical security devices.展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (JH01-010).
文摘A novel multi-tube photoreactor with 0.0188m^3 valid reaction volume was constructed in pilot-scale.This rectangular reactor consisted of 13 regularly distributed silica glass tubes coating with TiO2 thin film photocatalyst.Total active area of TiO2 thin is 0.3916m^2,The ratio of surface area to volume achieves 20.8m^-1 .Photocatalytic experiment of phenol red demonstrates that the apparent reaction rate constant(k) is 0.07465h^-1 and 0.16502h^-1 for reaction system with and without micro-bubbles mixing.The corresponding apparent quantum efficiency( Φa) is 8.1771×10^-7g·J^-1 and 4.9036×10^-7g·J^-1,rspectively,COD value of reactant could decrease to 17mg·L^-1 and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) only shows two absorption peaks in 24h photocatalytic process time,so this photoreactor has good photomineralization effect.Experimental results reveal that photocatalytic destruction of organics is possible by using the multi-tube photoreactor.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52079077)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021QE069).
文摘Accurate knowledge of gas flow within the reservoir and related controlling factors will be important for enhancing the production of coal bed methane.At present,most studies focused on the permeability evolution of dry coal under gas adsorption equilibrium,gas flow and gas diffusion within wet coal under the generally non-equilibrium state are often ignored in the process of gas recovery.In this study,an improved apparent permeability model is proposed which accommodates the water and gas adsorption,stress dependence,water film thickness and gas flow regimes.In the process of modeling,the water adsorption is only affected by water content while the gas adsorption is time and water content dependent;based on poroelastic mechanics,the effective fracture aperture and effective pore radius are derived;and then the variation in water film thickness for different pore types under the effect of water content,stress and adsorption swelling are modeled;the flow regimes are considered based on Beskok’s model.Further,after validation with experimental data,the proposed model was applied to numerical simulations to investigate the evolution of permeability-related factors under the effect of different water contents.The gas flow in wet coal under the non-equilibrium state is explicitly revealed.
基金This work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1505253)the Xiamen Science and Technology Planning Project(No.3502Z20183003).
文摘In recent years, magnetic interference thin films have gained wide attention in optical security devices field by virtue of their gonioapparent and dynamic 3D effects. Based on the color mechanism of metal-dielectric Fabry-Perot structure, a novel seven-layer magnetic thin film structure is proposed by adopting the ultrathin metal layer as a bonding layer and a pure metallic Ni layer as a magnetic layer as well as a reflective layer. Color target optimization optimac method is utilized that realizes the seven-layer metal-dielectric optically variable magnetic thin film structure with green at the normal incidence and purple-red at 60°. The structure effectively solves the delaminate problem and simplifies the multilayer structure. Through different combined magnetic field designs, the magnetic orientation experiment of the prepared magnetic optically variable thin film is carried out, and the 3 D anti-counterfeiting with remarkable dynamic color change effect is obtained, which provides a new solution for optical security devices.
