Determination of the Relationship between Empathy and Compassion Fatigue in Pediatric Clinic Nurses

Background:This study aimed to determine the relationship between compassion fatigue and empathic disposition and skill levels of pediatric clinic nurses.Methods:This research was carried out as a descriptive and cross-sectional study.The research was carried out with 233 nurses determined by using a stratified sampling method from 648 nurses working in two University Hospital and two City Hospital children’s clinics.Data were collected using the“Personal Information Form”,“Compassion Scale(CS)”,“Empathic Tendency Scale(ETS)”and“Empathic Skill Scale(ESS)”.Pearson Correlation test,Student’s t-test,ANOVA test,and Scheffe test were used in the analysis of the data.Results:The mean age of the nurses participating in the study was 30.93±6.23 years,81.1%were women and 54.9%were married.Pediatric clinic nurses’mean compassion score was 96.29±11.64,empathic tendency mean score was 69.30±8.39,and empathic skill mean score was 140.82±23.15.According to the findings obtained,the mean compassion score of the male,married,and nurses who were not satisfied with working in the pediatric clinics and working in the pediatric emergency clinics was found to be the lowest(p<0.05,p<0.01,p<0.001).The empathic disposition mean scores of the nurses working in the pediatric inpatient clinics,who were satisfied with working in the pediatric clinic,and who did not have the thought of moving to another clinic,were found to be significantly higher(p<0.01,p<0.001).The mean scores of empathic skills of nurses working only during the daytime were found to be significantly higher(p<0.001).Conclusion:This study confirms that pediatric clinic nurses are experiencing compassion fatigue at the end of COVID-19 and how this situation negatively affects their empathic tendencies and skills.The study highlights the need for both clinical and management-based planning to prevent compassion fatigue and increase empathic tendencies and skills in Pediatric clinic nurses.

基于COMPASS在体三维剂量验证模体研究及临床应用

建立COMPASS体三维模型,分析其在剂量验证模体中的应用价值。方法 选择2021-2022年期间在钦州市第一人民医院治疗的30例鼻咽癌、30例宫颈癌患者作为研究对象,所有患者均使用Axesse加速器进行治疗,在MONACO系统下,使用不同的治疗计划,分别在鼻咽癌、宫颈癌患者中选择15例患者行9野dMLC计划,其余15例鼻咽癌、宫颈癌患者行VMAT计划,完成模体的三维剂量验证。设定靶区优先模式(Pareto)、正常组织优先模式(Constrained),在保证优化条件以及相关参数不变的情况下,对比不同计划下的剂量学、危及器官及机器参数。结果 在不同的治疗计划下,靶区剂量、危及器官的影响不大,VMAT调强模式会有效增加靶区剂量平均值、最大值以及均匀性参数,而在靶区优先模式、正常组织优先模式下,对膀胱、直肠、小肠、盆骨、左右股骨头最大值、脊髓、脑干都不会造成较为显著的影响,但在受照剂量的数据对比中,在1cm3体积之下,VMAT的膀胱、小肠、直肠高于dMLC。在靶区优先模式之下,VMAT高于dMLC,出束时间低于dMLC。结论 在三维剂量的具体验证过程中,VMAT能够在一定程度上降低治疗时间,有较强的靶区均匀性,可是在高剂量下的膀胱、直肠、小肠不如dMLC。除此之外,在正常组织优先模式之下,对于膀胱、直肠、小肠的控制优于靶区优先模式,在林擦黄上课推荐VMAT调强模式以及正常组织优先模式。

COMPASS基于患者CT影像三维验证与基于均匀模体三维验证通过率的研究

使用COMPASS系统对比患者的CT影像三维验证和均匀模体的三维验证效果。方法 将2021年-2022年使用医科达Axesse放疗病人中随机抽取30例鼻咽癌患者及30例宫颈癌患者作为研究对象,将其中15例鼻咽癌患者及15例宫颈癌患者使用MONACO系统做9野dMLC计划,剩下的15例鼻咽癌患者及15例宫颈癌患者使用MONACO系统做1野2个全弧VMAT计划。所有患者都通过COMPASS系统进行常规影像三维剂量验证,将其作为CT影像组(n=60),并对所有患者行MONACOSIM工作站为患者轮廓、计划信息复制到均匀模体上,并通过COMPASS进行均匀模体三维剂量验证,将其名为模体组(n=60),分别对比外轮廓、Globle计划剂量(PD)、核算剂量(CD)、重建剂量(RD)进行两两分析,A组为PD与CD的对比,B组为PD与RD的对比,C组为CD与RD的对比,最后分析模体组和CT影像组的通过率差异。结果 外轮廓及Globe通过率比的结果显示,Globle当中的Dmean、D1%都明显低于外轮廓,Gamma通过率明显高于外轮廓(P<0.05)。A组以及B组的对比结果显示,外轮廓Gamma通过率较低,Globle当中的Gamma的通过率明显高于外轮廓(P<0.05)。CT影像组及模体组的通过率对比中,CT影像组在不同标准(3%3mm、3%/2mm、2%/2mm)的三维验证下,γ通过率均超过95%,在3%3mm、3%/2mm、2%/2mm的标准下通过率均高于CT影像组(P<0.05)。结论 将CT图像资料当做验证模体更加接近实际放射治疗模型,可更加客观的反映出患者受照射的剂量分布情况,避免使用其他模体取代CT图像。

Evacuation flow of pedestrians considering compassion effect

By means of game theory, the effect of compassion mechanism on the evacuation dynamics of pedestrians from a room is studied based on a cellular automaton model. Pedestrians can choose to cooperate or defect in a snowdrift game during the movement. With the compassion mechanism, pedestrians share their payoff to the poorest peer when several pedestrians compete for the same empty cell. Simulation results show that the escape time grows with fear degree r of the snowdrift game, and the compassion mechanism will have a different effect on the system compared with the situation of a spatial game with fixed population. By payoff redistribution, the compassion can help the minor strategy to survive. When the fear degree r is large, the compassion can sustain the cooperative behavior, and spontaneously decreases the escape time. When the fear degree r is small, the compassion will decrease the cooperation frequency, and slightly increase the escape time. The phenomenon is explained by the evolution and competition of defectors and cooperators in the system. Finally, the effect of initial cooperator proportion, the effect of two exits, and the effect of ＂Richest-Following＂ strategy, and the effect of initial density are also discussed.

Qualitative analysis of compassion fatigue and coping strategies among nurses

Objectives:Nurses are considered to be at risk of experiencing compassion fatigue,which can affect their personal and professional lives.The aim of this study was to investigate stressful factors contributing to the development of compassion fatigue in nurses,their experiences of compassion fatigue,and the coping strategies they used to cope with compassion fatigue.Methods:The convenience sample of 86 nurses fromCentral Europewas recruited via social networking sites during the pandemic of COVID-19.Data collection was conducted via an online battery of questionnaires which included open-ended questions on the stressful factors,experiences,and coping strategies for compassion fatigue.The data were analysed using a theoretical thematic analysis based on Figley’s descriptions of compassion fatigue.The initial datawas read several times to identify recurring statements.Each statement was then categorized into the emerging domains,subdomains,categories,and subcategories.Results:The results of our study show that stressful factors,experiences,and coping strategies for compassion fatigue in nurses in Central Europe could be related to cognitive,emotional,behavioural,somatic,personal relations,spiritual,and work-related symptoms of compassion fatigue as identified by Figley and that these may resemble experiences of nurses in North America,Japan,and Spain.Conclusion:This study provides a detailed overview of the stressful factors,experiences,and coping strategies for compassion fatigue,which could be used to develop an early screening tool and interventions for alleviating compassion fatigue and for preventive adaptation of the health care system.

Bibliometric analysis about compassion fatigue based on Web of Science database

Objective: To analyze the related foreign literature about compassion fatigue (CF) and to provide the basis for further improving the level of research in this field. Methods: Based on the Web of Science core database and its own analysis function, HistCite analysis software was used to study the diploma research about CF. Results: A total of 652 paper were retrieved, the output of literature showed an increasing trend year by year. The United States ranked first, and China ranked eleventh. The “Oncology Nursing Forum” had the largest number of articles (4.0%). The main research direction was in nursing (29.6%), and the main research output was from articles (73.2%). The key words highly cited were “compassion” and “fatigue”. Figley was the author of the high-yield field, and mainly research institutions were universities. The highly cited article was entitled “Compassion fatigue: Psychotherapists’ chronic lack of self-care”. Conclusions: In recent years, the related heat of CF has been high fever. Our research in this field is still in the primary stage, and it needs to be further excavated and promoted.

The Global Value ofMencius＇s Ideas on Moral Feeling and Reason： Reinterpreting the Feeling of Compassion From the Perspective of the Philosophy of Emotion

Amid the recent global upsurge of studies on the philosophy of emotion, a reinterpretation of traditional Confucian philosophy, especially Mencius＇s ideas on the siduan （Four Original Sources） of morality, may shed new light on the subject in comparative philosophy. This paper probes the structure of moral feeling and reason described by Mencius＇s from five perspectives： （1） In view of the relationship between feeling and reason, is it better to use the expression ＂siduan＂ or the expression ＂sixin （Four Heart-minds）＂？ （2） In view of dispositional feeling, what are the four original sources？ （3） In view of moral feeling, what are the structural order of the four sources and the corresponding procedure of reasoning of four heart-minds of Humanity？ （4） In view of positive feeling, how does moral feeling grow out of the goodness of human nature？ （5） What is the global value of Mencius＇s ideas on human moral feeling？ The author concludes that Mencius＇s thought on moral feeing has a global value and cross-cultural significance, and that Chinese wisdom is more than regional but universally applicable. The structure of moral feeling and reason that Mencius identified is in accordance with the principles ofzhiliang （grasping the two poles of the beginning and the end） and yongzhong （emloying the middle）. The principles ofzhiliang and yongzhong are true universal wisdoms of Confucianism, which should be rekindled today. From a practical point of view, ＂the Way begins from moral feelings,＂ and Confucius and Yah Hui＇s seeking the simple, virtuous life is an ideal model of emotional well-being.

Factors Militating against the Delivery of Compassionate Care: A Malawian Perspective

Background/Objectives: Malawi is one of the countries in the world with the worst maternal mortality rate. In view of this, women are encouraged to deliver at a health facility assisted by a skilled birth attendant. However, this initiative can only be effective when health care workers manifest a professional demeanor which conveys care and compassion to patients/clients. The objective of the study was to foster the development of compassionate care among nurses/midwives working in selected maternal and child health care clinical settings. Methods: The study employed an action research (AR) approach. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with nurse/midwives from the selected health facilities. Purposive sampling was utilized to obtain the sample of participants to the eight FGDs and thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: The data collected from nurses/midwives clearly indicate that it is not possible to effectively render compassionate care under the present work conditions. The study reveals the following factors which hinder the delivery of compassionate care: severe nursing shortages, gross lack of essential supplies and equipment, negative attitudes of nurses/midwives and unsupportive leadership which demotivates nurses/midwives. Conclusion: The study reveals problems which hinder the delivery of compassionate care, and there is need to address these problems. This will enhance the effectiveness of hospital delivery by a skilled birth attendant as a safe motherhood initiative aimed at lowering the high maternal mortality rate.

Levels of vocational satisfaction,burnout and compassion fatigue of health professionals working in pediatric clinics

BACKGROUND Burnout and compassion fatigue are affecting the quality of professional life.AIM To investigate the levels of vocational satisfaction,burnout,and compassion fatigue and factors that may be related to health professionals working in children’s clinics.METHODS The study sample was in the west of Turkey.Data were collected using the questionnaire form and the quality of life scale for employees.RESULTS The findings obtained in this study showed that the level of vocational satisfaction of female health professionals and the burnout level of male health professionals were higher.The professional satisfaction of the doctors was lower than that of the nurses and midwives,and the mean score of burnout and fatigue was high.CONCLUSION Further studies are needed on this topic to help improve the factors that may affect the professional quality of life of health professionals.

Reliability and validation of the Korean Compassionate Communication Scale

Objective:The aims of this study were to develop the Korean Compassionate Communication Scale and to test its validity and reliability.Methods:The Korean Compassionate Communication Scale was developed based on English version.This study is a methodological one in its approach.Results:The Korean version of Compassionate Communication Scale contained 20 items and was divided into three factors that explained 63.4%of the total variance.This scale demonstrated excellent convergent and discriminant validity(100%),and criterionrelated validity(Global Interpersonal Communication Competence r=0.494;self-compassion:r=0.317).Internal consistency was acceptable,and Cronbach’sαof the total items was 0.85.Conclusions:This study examined The Korean Compassionate Communication Scale as an appropriate measurement of communication ability for nursing practice.Therefore,this scale suggests that the developed 20 items of the Compassionate Communication Scale can be used for therapeutic relationship and nursing education.

Prevalence and Social Demographic Factors Associated with Secondary Traumatic Stress, Burnout and Compassion Satisfaction among Nurses at Selected Teaching Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia

Introduction: Nurses’ constant exposure to severe human suffering within constrained health care environments places them at risk for developing Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burnout. The current study therefore sought to establish the prevalence and social demographic factors associated with Secondary Traumatic Stress, Burnout and Compassion Satisfaction among Nurses working at selected Teaching Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia. Methods: A correlational design employing a self-administered questionnaire adapted from version five of the Professional Quality of Life scale was used to collect data from 250 nurses drawn using proportional stratified sampling method. The resulting data were analyzed using version 23 of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burnout. Findings: Whilst the majority of respondents reported average levels of Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burnout, about a quarter reported high Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burnout scores at 23% and 26% respectively. Only 81 (32.4%) scored high on Compassion Satisfaction. Social demographic factors including;working in the main Intensive Care Unit, and being married accounted for the greatest variance in Secondary Traumatic Stress (R2 = 0.237, p Conclusion: Findings of the current study signify a need to institute measures to help nurses cope with the deleterious psychological effects of constant engagement with those in distress and to foster Compassion Satisfaction.

Self-Compassion and Empathy: Impact on Burnout and Secondary Traumatic Stress in Medical Training

Objective: To determine how self-compassion and empathy might influence the degree of burnout, secondary traumatic stress and compassion satisfaction among medical students and residents. Methods: Cross-sectional survey of medical students and select residency programs at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan. Respondents completed the Professional Quality of Life Scale (burnout, secondary traumatic stress and compassion satisfaction), Neff’s Self-Compassion Scale, and the empathic concern and personal distress subscales of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Results: The response rate was 28.6%. 23.9% and 27.3% of medical trainees reported high levels of burnout and secondary traumatic stress, respectively. Females reported greater empathy but lower self-compassion than males. Greater concern for others and oneself and lower personal distress predicted greater pleasure derived from professional work. Less concern for others and lower concern for oneself predicted greater burnout. Conclusions: Compassion for oneself and for others within their care appears to ameliorate burnout and can increase professional satisfaction. Initiatives to foster empathy and self-compassion may enhance individual well-being.

Comparative study of self-compassion and sense of coherence in nurses of psychiatric hospitals

Objective:Nurses,due to the nature of their job,are subjected to various forms of stress and physical and psychological injuries.Self-compassion and a sense of coherence have attracted much attention in research in recent years as having high potential for improving the health and performance of people in the workplace.The present study aimed to compare self-compassion and the sense of coherence in nurses working in psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals of Kerman University of Medical Sciences.Methods:The present study was a descriptive-comparative study of applied type conducted on 100 nurses of Shahid Beheshti Psychiatric Hospital in Kerman by the census method and 100 nurses of other hospitals of Kerman University of Medical Sciences by the stratified random sampling method.The instruments included the self-compassion questionnaire and the sense of coherence questionnaire.Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software.Results:The results of the present study showed that self-compassion and sense of coherence were higher in psychiatric nurses(39.35±7.7 and 53.02±8.01)than among other nurses(36.03±5.81 and 49.76±6.30).There was a direct and moderate relationship between a sense of coherence and self-compassion(P-value<0.005).The higher the score of compassion for oneself,the higher was the score of sense of coherence.Furthermore,the sense of coherence had a direct and weak relationship with all dimensions of self-compassion,except for the extreme imitation dimension,which showed a direct and moderate relationship to other dimensions(P-value<0.001).Conclusions:Self-compassion and a sense of coherence,as a form of self-communication,increase nurses’satisfaction and reduce nurses’job stress and,as a result,job performance is improved.

Compassion in Buddhism and Guanxi： Can There Be a Synergy for Westem Companies in China

Compassion is one of the core fundamental elements of Buddhism. The compassionate virtues are the precious qualities essential in the practice of Buddhism. On the other hand, guanxi plays a dominant role in any successful business venture in Chinese market. This paper develops the understanding of the two ancient bodies of knowledge of Buddhism and Confucianism. The attempt will be made in this paper to understand the deeper meaning of compassion in Buddhism in terms of compassionate virtues such as generosity, discipline, patience, diligence, humility, and wisdom. In guanxi, it will delve into different aspects of guanxi in terms of its background, meaning, significance, different types, intermediary, comparison with networking and ethics and success factors. This paper is based on the literature review on compassion--guanxi. The compassion literature focuses on books on Buddhism and commentaries by great Tibetan Buddhist sages. The guanxi literatures are predominately based on business research papers related to guanxi and business culture in China. The paper provides deeper meaning of compassion in Buddhism. The application of compassion to manage guanxi in China is the topic of this paper. This research is about optimizing the art of guanxi through the application of compassion which will help many non-Chinese business managers to effectively manage it. This paper is considered the first of its kind to study compassion in Buddhism and guanxi practice in China and seeks to provide the necessary framework to conduct the further research on applying compassion to build and manage better guanxi in China.

Methods of Mitigating the Paradox of Compassion in the Organizational Behavior of Government Employees: A Case of Animal Protection Agencies in Taiwan

According to psychologists,for workers whose job is to help others,their quality of service is improved if they have compassion.However,compassion potentially produces the side effect of compassion fatigue,which decreases service quality.According to sociologists,professionals who must interact with animals,such as veterinarians or butchers adopt the role of a“gate-keeper”.Specifically,these professionals are troubled by the conflict between compassion and the faithful execution of the law.This conflict induces,in them,harmful behavior toward the animals.To verify these arguments,we empirically investigated government employees in a Taiwan Residents animal protection agency.Results from structural equation modeling indicate that although compassion toward animals can increase discretionary effort and mitigate ethics exhaustion,compassion fatigue weakened the factors mitigating ethics exhaustion,which increased harm toward the animals.Therefore,to relieve compassion fatigue,the workload of government employees must be reduced.

The Garden of Finzi-Continis, Compassion, and the Struggle to Affirm Identity

This work investigates De Sica＇s depiction of compassion proposing new ways of examining the film. Remaining faithful to his neorealist responsibility to denounce the plight of others and the experience associated to World War Two, the director offers models of compassion associated with past circumstances and the subsequent recollection of them. In other instance, compassion becomes the result of imaginative and elaborated descriptions that contrast with the neorealist aesthetic. These creative depictions suggest compassion through technical elements. For instance, the usage of flashbacks, the long shots of the garden, the close-ups and tracking shots on specific components of the environment, the soft focus on certain characters are ways to reflect on past circumstances to outline a new awareness and perspective.

Roberto Rossellini＇s Compassion as Social Evaluation

Emotions have long been considered by philosophers as a fundamental element to understand human thought and existence in general. This present study examines how Roberto Rossellini＇s early neorealist films, Rome, Open City （1945） and Paisan （1946）, utilize the emotion of compassion to examine the social and historical significance of women in the postwar Italy. Furthermore, it also focuses on the role of the female protagonists and the compassionate responses they suggest to clarify their position in society. In fact, by depicting the female protagonists as modest dissenter that attempt to perform traditional domestic roles, the director proposes a unique perspective on the conditions and social involvement of women in Italy during that time. Additionally, this study will propose interesting observations on the emotion of compassion itself, and its mechanisms that produce an image of idealized womanhood.

Compass验证系统在乳腺癌保乳术后调强放射治疗计划验证中的应用及相关影响因素分析

目的利用Compass三维验证系统对乳腺癌保乳术后调强放射治疗计划进行剂量验证,研究其影响因素并进行分类分析。方法选择乳腺癌保乳放射治疗女性患者20例,年龄45~74岁,中位年龄59岁;侧别,左侧10例,右侧10例。用Compass系统进行计划剂量验证,包括独立核算验证和实测重建剂量验证;将Monaco计划系统蒙卡算法计算的剂量(MCD)、Compass卷积/超分割算法独立核算剂量(CCD)和Compass实测重建剂量(CRD)三者之间两两剂量验证结果进行两两比较(CCD-MCD、CRD-CCD、CRD-MCD),比较参数包括靶区剂量最大限值10%生成区域的γ结果及剂量体积直方图(DVH)结果。结果CRD-MCD与CRD-CCD的γ通过率和平均γ值差异均有统计学意义[(95.23±2.38)%vs(96.33±2.72)%、(94.78±2.56)%vs(95.97±2.95)%、0.41±0.04 vs 0.37±0.04、0.42±0.04 vs 0.38±0.04。P<0.05],CRD-MCD与CCD-MCD的γ通过率和平均γ值差异也均有统计学意义[(95.23±2.38)%vs(99.29±0.46)%、(94.78±2.56)%vs(99.26±0.46)%、0.41±0.04 vs 0.26±0.03、0.42±0.04 vs 0.27±0.03。P<0.05],CRD-CCD与CCD-MCD的γ通过率和平均γ值差异也均有统计学意义[(96.33±2.72)%vs(99.29±0.46)%、(95.97±2.95)%vs(99.26±0.46)%、0.37±0.04 vs 0.26±0.03、0.38±0.04 vs 0.27±0.03。P<0.05]。计划肿瘤靶区(PGTV)的D_(98%)和计划靶区(PTV)的D_(mean)、健侧乳腺的D_(mean)、V5和患侧肺的V20、V30的剂量体积相对偏差在CRD-MCD与CRD-CCD比较,差异有统计学意义[(2.01±1.27)%vs(2.60±1.05)%、(2.84±0.55)%vs(2.55±0.71)%、(-11.15±7.87)%vs(-18.29±7.91)%、(-1.45±5.45)%vs(-2.76±3.83)%、(-0.85±0.36)%vs(-0.65±0.23)%、(-0.56±0.37)%vs(-0.38±0.27)%。P<0.05]。PGTV的D98%、D_(2%)、D_(mean),PTV的D_(98%)、D_(2%)、D_(mean),心脏的D_(mean)、健侧乳腺的D_(mean)、V_(5),健侧肺的V_(5)和患侧肺的V_(5)、V_(20)、V_(30)的剂量体积相对偏差在CRD-MCD与CCD-MCD比较,差异均有统计学意义[(2.01±1.27)%vs(-0.51±0.54)%、(2.86±1.22)%vs(-0.002±0.92)%、(2.63±0.75)%vs(-0.19±0.40)%、(2.17±0.82)%vs(0.38±1.01)%、(2.81±0.95)%vs(-0.17±0.70)%、(2.84±0.55)%vs(0.29±0.43)%、(-17.39±7.79)%vs(0.87±3.30)%、(-11.15±7.87)%vs(9.27±4.87)%、(-1.45±5.45)%vs(2.01±1.30)%、(-0.24±0.80)%vs(0.01±0.04)%、(-4.60±0.87)%vs(0.27±0.59)%、(-0.85±0.36)%vs(-0.21±0.21)%、(-0.56±0.37)%vs(-0.22±1.34)%。P<0.05]。PGTV的D_(98%)、D_(2%)、D_(mean),PTV的D_(98%)、D_(2%)、D_(mean),心脏的D_(mean)、健侧乳腺的D_(mean)、V_(5),健侧肺的V_(5)和患侧肺的V5、V20、V30的剂量体积相对偏差在CRD-CCD与CCD-MCD比较,差异均有统计学意义[(2.60±1.05)%vs(-0.51±0.54)%、(2.88±1.12)%vs(-0.002±0.92)%、(2.83±0.68)%vs(-0.19±0.40)%、(1.81±0.90)%vs(0.38±1.01)%、(2.87±0.82)%vs(-0.17±0.70)%、(2.55±0.71)%vs(0.29±0.43)%、(-18.10±7.40)%vs(0.87±3.30)%、(-18.29±7.91)%vs(9.27±4.81)%、(-2.76±3.83)%vs(2.01±1.30)%、(-0.25±0.81)%vs(0.01±0.04)%、(-4.90±1.03)%vs(0.27±0.59)%、(-0.65±0.23)%vs(-0.21±0.21)%、(0.38±0.27)%vs(-0.22±1.34)%。P<0.05]。结论不同算法在高剂量区、低剂量区和肺等组织密度比较大或者含空腔的组织中计算精度偏差更加显著;机器的稳定性状态对剂量差异亦有影响。