Understanding Urban Vitality from the Economic and Human Activities Perspective:A Case Study of Chongqing,China

The literature on urban vitality tends to focus on the built environment.This paper argues that some important processes in shaping vitality may be overlooked without examining the intensity and diversity of economic and human activities.Using newly developed spatial big data and adopting the methods of multi-indicator measurement and spatial analysis methods,we analyzed the pattern of urban vitality in Chongqing,a provincial city in western China and,on this basis,evaluated the creation and maintenance of urban vitality from the economic and human activities perspective.Our findings indicate that the impacts of economic and human activities are positive and significant.Among the three intensity and diversity indicators,economic intensity and population density show an effect on urban vitality stronger than that of economic diversity.However,economic diversity has the strongest superposition or interactive effect,and is thus an important foundation dynamic.The positive effect of population density on urban vitality is largely a result of Chongqing’s jobs-housing balance.The case of Chongqing highlights the importance of topographic features,historical inheritance,large-scale migration,and cultural activities in shaping the distinctive vitality pattern of a city.This study contends that the creation and maintenance of urban vitality can not be fully explained without incorporating the impacts of economic and human activities.It contributes to a comprehensive measurement of urban vitality and enriches its connotations.

Economic Growth Performance and Economic Activities in Kosovo During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Kosovo

The paper addresses economic growth and developments of economic activities during the Covid-19 crisis in Kosovo.After the last war,Kosovo continues to remain among the countries with a low level of development and a high rate of unemployment.The low level of economic growth and the high rate of unemployment remain among the main economic challenges for solution.The importance of the paper consists in addressing economic issues and processes including developments in economic activities during the Covid-19 crisis in Kosovo.Kosovo was affected by Pandemia Covid-19 starting from March 2020.Undoubtedly,the Covid-19 crisis has had effects on economic processes,affecting the activity of various sectors of the economy.The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the performance of economic growth and economic activities during the Covid-19 crisis in Kosovo.In order to achieve the objectives,the analysis method is mainly used,tabular and graphic separately,comparative method,analyzing in dynamics the issue related to economic activities in the Republic of Kosovo.Through this study,the results and recommendations given are considered to be considered by policy makers in the Republic of Kosovo.

Evaluating the technical and economic aspects of thermal performance of extensive green roofs:A GIS-based case study in the urban setting of Na dor,Morocco

The increasing demand for green spaces in cities underscores the urgent need for sustainable solutions to reduce the ecological impact of urban areas.This research focuses on converting unused rooftops into extensive green roofs in Nador,Morocco,offering an innovative approach to enhancing outdoor thermal comfort in this region.Several advanced techniques were used,including photogrammetric restitution(for creating land use maps),integration of light detection and ranging data(for three-dimensional urban modeling),and meteorological data collection(for modeling urban climate conditions).The urban-multiscale-environmental-predictor solar and longwave environmental irradiance geometry(UMEP-SOLWEIG)model was crucial for precisely evaluating the thermal performance of green roofs and their influence on urban microclimates.This model considers considered various parameters,such as the sky view factor,wall height and aspect,and shading conditions,for accurate,comprehensive analysis.Additionally,for accurate,comprehensive analysis,a comparative evaluation was performed between the UMEP-SOLWEIG and ENVI-met models to assess the UMEP SOLWEIG results.The findings were notable,demonstrating a substantial reduction(averaging over 3°C)in the mean radiant temperature on 60%of rooftops,covering 55%of the total surface area.This highlighted the effectiveness of green roofs in improving outdoor thermal comfort.Furthermore,green roofs were closely associated with reductions in air-conditioning energy consumption,with considerable reductions ranging from 17.53%to 43.82%.These savings translated to estimated financial benefits ranging from USD 1.63-4.07 million.These figures clearly verified the notable economic impact of green roofs despite their initially high costs(approximately USD 84.44 million).These potential long-term savings indicated that these investments are financially viable in the long run.The collected data were used to create thermal maps of the area using geographic-information-system tools.A thermal cadaster specific to green roofs was also developed,accessible online through Web mapping.Overall,this approach facilitates decision-making in urban planning by providing visual information on thermal variations,thereby aiding in the precise planning of measures against urban heat and promoting the use of green roofs to reduce environmental impact.

Economic Models and Human Behavior:The Tension Between Mathematics and Reality

The use of mathematical models in economics has long been a subject of debate,particularly regarding the tension between mathematical precision and the unpredictability of human behavior.This paper critically examines the limitations of over-relying on mathematical models to predict economic outcomes,arguing that such models often fail to account for the social,cultural,and psychological factors that drive economic activities.The analysis highlights how attempts to quantify complex economic behaviors may lead to oversimplifications and inaccurate forecasts,as illustrated by past financial crises and market disruptions.The paper concludes by advocating for a more balanced approach that combines mathematical rigor with an understanding of human behavior to enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of economic predictions.

The Impact of Human Resource Management on Regional Economic Development

A company that does a good job in human resource management will promote the process of regional economic development,and related enterprises will develop rapidly as a result.In future work,enterprises should carefully study the relationship between the two,and innovate their human resource management and development methods while fully considering the needs of talent development and regional economic development,in order to fundamentally optimize the regional economic development status.

Research on the Optimization Paths for Outstanding Agricultural Economics and Management Talents under the Background of Curriculum Ideology and Politics

The article aims to discuss how to cultivate outstanding agricultural economics and management talents to meet the needs of agricultural and rural economic development in the new era,within the context of ideological and political education.Through literature review and field research,a series of innovative talent training optimization paths are proposed,and specific suggestions are made for policymakers and educational practitioners.

Study on Environmental and Economic Benefits of Rice and Wheat Rotation with Swine Manure-Straw Returning

[Objective] The aim was to investigate the application effect of swine manure-straw returning and to determine the best mode. [Method] A field experiment under rice and wheat rotation with different swine manure-straw treatments was con- ducted to study the growth characters and output of rice and wheat, calculate the economic benefit and carbon dioxide emission reduction, and analyze the best mode of swine manure applying-straw returning. [Result] The swine manure-straw returning was conducive to the growth of crop, the highest outputs of rice and wheat were on the treatment of ＂30% swine manure and 20% straw and 50% chemical fertiliz- er＂, they were 7 874.57 and 6 427.00 kg/hm^2, and saved cost about 5 146.35 Yuan/hm^2, increased input 5 312.56 and 3 931.93 Yuan/hm^2, the greenhouse gas e- mission reduction was 1.30 t/hm^2 （calculated according to carbon dioxide on a dry basis）. [Conclusion] The treatment of ＂30% swine manure and 20% straw and 50% chemical fertilizer＂ was the best mode of swine manure-straw returning.

Research of Informatization Demands of New Countryside in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone and Related Countermeasures

[Objective] The aim was to survey and analyze informatization demand in new countryside in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone and to propose counter- measures, [Method] A questionnaire was made among farmers on informatization de- mands in different regions in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone and the re- sults were analyzed to propose countermeasures promoting informatization. [Result] With strengthening of information awareness, information demands in rural areas in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone change as follows： Information demand car- rier changes from traditional media to modern media; demand on information content changes from one-way to diversified one; demand of information service changes from one-way transmission to interaction and exchange. However, some problems still exist in informatization process, such as poor infrastructure, dispersed information resources, higher information expense and shortage of information-based talents. Hence, the countermeasures were proposed, as follows： Rational security systems should be established; financing should be as diversified as possible; informatization infrastructure should be reinforced; agricultural economic information and informatiza- tion service system should be established. [Conclusion] The research lays foundation for construction of informatization in new countryside in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone.

The coordinated evolution of ecological environment,public service,and tourism economy along the Silk Road Economic Belt,using the Dual-Carbon Targets

Carbon peak and carbon neutrality(dual-carbon)are important targets for the international response to climate change.The Silk Road Economic Belt is a strategic resource region and is important for future ecological environment and tourism development.Based on the“dual-carbon”targets,the Single index quantification,Multiple index synthesis,and Poly-criteria integration evaluation model were used in this study to measure the coordinated development index of the ecological environment,public service,and tourism economy along the Silk Road Economic Belt and to analyze its spatial and temporal evolution.Further,it explores the dynamic evolution and development trend of the three systems using the Kernel Density and Grey Markov Prediction Model.The results show that the coordinated development index along this region needs to be improved during the study period.Furthermore,the coordinated development index of the Southwest region is relatively higher than that of the Northwest region.From the development trend of the three systems,all of them develop in a stable manner;however,the tourism economy system is easily affected by external disturbances.The coordinated development index of the three systems changes dynamically and tends to be in a good state of coordination.There is a certain spatial and temporal heterogeneity.The gravity center of the coordinated development index has been in the Southwest region.During the forecast period,the coordinated development index along this region will improve significantly,while insufficient and unbalanced development will continue.

Human Capital Structure and Economic Growth:From the Perspective of New Structural Economics

The Chinese economy has achieved remarkable development over the past 40 years of reform and opening-up.However,with the narrowing of potential for efficiency improvement from resources reallocation and changes in population age structure,the Chinese economy has moved from high-speed growth to high-quality development.In this setting,understanding factor endowment and comparative advantages of the economy from a perspective of human capital structure so as to enhance industrial structure adaptability by riding the trend is of significance for cultivating new driving force for economic development.This paper,following a theoretical paradigm of new structural economics,demonstrates how human capital structure matches industrial structure and the presence of optimal human capital structure using mathematical deduction.On this basis,national level panel data and instrumental variables are adopted for generalized method of moments,the results of which shows that there are varied impacts on economic growth in light of different human capital structure characteristics.The proportions of high-level human capital and medium-level human capital boost economic development,while that of low-level human capital has an inhibitory effect on economic growth.The policy implication of this study is that large economies should diversify efforts as per different human capital structure characteristics in terms of development need of tapping growth impetus from human capital structure improvement.It is of equal importance to raise the proportion of high and medium human capital in order to stimulate economic growth and to cut the proportion of low human capital that hinders economic development.

Effects of Green Manure Mixed Cropping Patterns on Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil and Economic Characters of Flue-cured Tobacco

[Objective] The aim was to clear the suitable green manure cropping pat- terns in Xiangxi tobacco-planting areas. [Method] 8 treatments were set to study the effects of the monoculture and mixed cropping of common vetch （Vicia gigantea Bge.）, perennial ryegrass （Lofium） and rapeseed （Brassica campestris L.） on physi- cal and chemical properties of soil and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco. [Result] （1） Green manure turnover can reduce soil bulk density by 1.08%-8.62%, and the effect of green manure mixed cropping pattern was the best. （2） Green manure turnover also can increase the soil nutrient, soil organic matter, total nitro- gen （N）, total phosphorus （P）, total potassium （K）, alkali-hydrolyzale N, rapidly available P and rapidly available K by 1.44%-6.10%, 0.01-0.12 g/kg, 1.89%- 11.32%, 0.12%-3.56%, 1.06%-11.76%, 0.04%-18.93% and 0.98%-23.12%, respec- tively, and the effect of the monoculture of common vetch was the best.（3） The overall change of soil pH was not obvious.（4）Green manure turnover can increase the yield and output of flue-cured tobacco, and the effect of the monoculture of common vetch was the best. [Conclusion] The monoculture of common vetch can be generalized in the dry land of Xiangxi tobacco-planting areas.

Health and Economic Impacts of Air Pollution in China: A Comparison of the General Equilibrium Approach and Human Capital Approach

In China, combustion of fossil fuels and biomass has produced serious air pollution that does harm to human health. Based on dose-response relationships derived from epidemiological studies, the authors calculated the number of deaths and people with health problems which were thought to be attributable to China＇s air pollution in the year of 2000. In order to estimate the corresponding economic impacts from the national point of view, the general equilibrium approach was selected as an analysis tool for this study. A computable general equilibrium （CGE） model was constructed involving 39 sectors and 32 commodities. The human capital approach （HCA） was also used for comparison. The economic burden of disease for people estimated by HCA was equivalent to 1.26‰ （ranging from 0.44‰ to 1.84‰） of China＇s gross domestic product （GDP）. China＇s GDP loss estimated by the general equilibrium approach reached 0.38‰ （ranging from 0.16‰ to 0.51‰）. The difference between the two approaches and the implications of the results were discussed.

Adaptive economic and ecological forest management under risk

Background： Forest managers must deal with inherently stochastic ecological and economic processes. The future growth of trees is uncertain, and so is their value. The randomness of low-impact, high frequency or rare catastrophic shocks in forest growth has significant implications in shaping the mix of tree species and the forest landscape. In addition, the fluctuations of wood prices influence greatly forest revenues. Methods： Markov decision process models （MDPs） offer a rigorous and practical way of developing optimum management strategies, given these multiple sources of risk. Results： Examples illustrate how such management guidelines are obtained with MDPs for combined ecological and economic objectives, including diversity of tree species and size, landscape diversity, old growth preservation, and carbon sequestration. Conclusions： The findings illustrate the power of the MDP approach to deal with risk in forest resource management. They recognize that the future is best viewed in terms of probabilities. Given these probabilities, MDPs tie optimum adaptive actions strictly to the state of the forest and timber prices at decision time. The methods are theoretically rigorous, numerically efficient, and practical for field implementation.

Different effects of economic and structural performance indexes on model construction of structural topology optimization

The objective and constraint functions related to structural optimization designs are classified into economic and performance indexes in this paper.The influences of their different roles in model construction of structural topology optimization are also discussed.Furthermore,two structural topology optimization models,optimizing a performance index under the limitation of an economic index,represented by the minimum compliance with a volume constraint（MCVC）model,and optimizing an economic index under the limitation of a performance index,represented by the minimum weight with a displacement constraint（MWDC）model,are presented.Based on a comparison of numerical example results,the conclusions can be summarized as follows：（1）under the same external loading and displacement performance conditions,the results of the MWDC model are almost equal to those of the MCVC model;（2）the MWDC model overcomes the difficulties and shortcomings of the MCVC model;this makes the MWDC model more feasible in model construction;（3）constructing a model of minimizing an economic index under the limitations of performance indexes is better at meeting the needs of practical engineering problems and completely satisfies safety and economic requirements in mechanical engineering,which have remained unchanged since the early days of mechanical engineering.

Watershed environmental management framework based on economic theory

Based on the meaning of economic theory as well as analysis of relevant characteristics of watershed environmental management,a watershed environmental management framework will be created,with building systems of theory,principles,methods,and supporting measures.Through the general structure,the watershed environmental management system design can be explored to optimize the allocation of resources and achieve coordinated development of watershed economic growth and environmental protection.

A Comparative Study of the Economic Feasibility of Employing CHP Systems in Different Industrial Manufacturing Applications

Extensive research work including multiple methodologies and numerous simulations have been completed in order to determine the economic effectiveness of employing CHP at commercial and residential sites. In contrast to the above, very few attempts have been made to develop methodologies to study the feasibility of CHP systems at industrial manufacturing facilities. As a result, practical opportunities for CHP at industrial sites are often not realized or even investigated. It follows that there is a need in the CHP related literature for an analysis that is explicit and yet general enough to determine the economic viability and potential for success of CHP systems at industrial manufacturing facilities. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to clearly outline a methodology to determine the economic effectiveness of installation and operation of a CHP system at industrial facilities that have a need for space or process heating in the form of steam. The effect on the CHP system economic performance of several parameters, such as the project payback, internal rate of return, net present value, etc., are considered in the proposed methodology. The applicability and generality of the methodology is illustrated by examples including four different manufacturing facilities. The effects of the variability of factors such as annual facility operational hours during which both process heat and electricity are needed, facility average hourly thermal load, cost of utility supplied electricity, and CHP fuel type and associated fuel cost, on the outcome of the economic analysis are also examined.

Spatio-temporal Difference and Influencing Factors of Environmental Adaptability Measurement of Human-sea Economic System in Liaoning Coastal Area

Adaptability theory is an important tool to analyze the degree, mechanism and process of interaction between human and environment, which provides a new perspective for the research of sustainability assessment. Based on the entropy weight-TOPSIS method and the panel Tobit model from the perspective of adaptability, spatio-temporal difference and influencing factors of environmental adaptability assessment of human-sea economic system in Liaoning coastal area was measured by using the city panel data from 2000 to 2014. The results indicate that: 1) The environmental adaptability of human-sea economic system in Liaoning coastal area rose slowly from 2000 to 2014, the developing trend of each city was linearly related, and Dalian was in a leading position. 2) The different adaptability elements and adaptability subsystem show polarization phenomenon and completely different regional evolution characteristics. The adaptability of human-sea environment system and human-sea economic system rose slowly and had the characteristics of linear relationship, and the adaptability of human-sea environment system is the main reason for the difference of environmental adaptability of human-sea economic system. 3) Science and technology, environmental management, marine economic development level, port construction are the driving factors of the healthy development of environmental adaptability of urban human-sea economic system.

Innovation Management and Knowledge Economics

This paper includes three parts: (1) The main characteristics of knowledge economics in new era; (2) Innovation management is an inevitable trend; (3) Corporate culture lead literary excellence. With the advance of science technique and development of productive force , huma nity entered on knowledge economics era.It is a new social economic pattern that occupy and coordinate intellectual resources and causes some essential changes of produce method. Investment pattern, industrial construction, through idea and social organization. Since these changes, the traditional management method don’t meet the need of new times and make some trouble to the enterprise, and then innovation managemen t yield and give good function for knowledge economic era. Adhere to some scienc e create regulation; Accord with the times requirement; Raise output rate and pr omote society productivity; Need a process of time and guard against impetuosity . The application of innovation management to enterprise produce marked success in which corporate culture leads literary excellence.

Epidemiology,management,and economic evaluation of screening of gallstone disease among type 2 diabetics:A systematic review

The knowledge of gallstone disease(GSD) is crucial to manage this condition when organizing screening and preventive strategies and identifying the appropriated clinical therapies. Although cholecystectomy still be the gold standard treatment for patients with symptomatic GSD, expectant management could be viewed as a valid therapeutic method for this disorder. If early treatment of GSD decreases the morbidity or avoids further cholecystectomy, it may save clinical care costs in later disease periods sufficiently to offset the screening and early treatment costs. In addition, whether routine screening for GSD is worthwhile depends on whether patients are willing to pay the ultrasonography screening cost that would reduce the risk of cholecystectomy. In this review we discuss the epidemiology, management, and economic evaluation of screening of GSD among type 2 diabetics.

Economic Stress, Precariousness and Risk of High Blood Pressure: A Descriptive Survey of Life Models within Households of the Central Region of Cameroon

Context/Objective: High blood pressure (HBP) currently represents the most widespread chronic non-communicable disease in Cameroon. The increase in its prevalence in the country is the result of multiple factors including economic stress imposed by precariousness, poor living conditions, sources of anxiety, anguish, depression and other behavioral disorders. Economic stress is a globalizing concept that integrates into a purely hermeneutic approach, a particular functioning of the nervous system of an individual who faces employment problems and precarious remuneration conditions. The non-satisfaction by an individual of his basic needs due to insufficient financial means can cause him to become irritable, aggressive, and socially and symbolically isolated, thereby increasing the desire to resort to morbid life models such as excessive consumption of narcotics and other psychoactive substances often associated with high blood pressure. The fight against the emergence of BPH is a complex, multifaceted and multifactorial reality that requires taking into account economic stress. The main objective of this survey is to describe the situation of economic stress within the Cameroonian population, which imposes precariousness and life models at risk of high blood pressure. Specifically, we determined the level of household income and the sources of income. Methods: A cross-sectional survey with a descriptive aim among five hundred households in the Central Region of Cameroon was conducted. A probabilistic technique called simple randomness was used. The number of households to be surveyed was determined indirectly using the Cochrane formula. Data collection in face-to-face mode using a physical questionnaire took place from July 1 to August 31, 2023, after obtaining ethical clearance from the Regional Health Research Ethics Committee, Human from the Center and an administrative authorization for data collection. Regarding their processing, the data was grouped during processing in Excel sheets. Normality and reliability tests of the collected data were carried out. For this, the Chi-square test was used for data with a qualitative value and that of Kolmogorov-Sminorf for data with a quantitative value. Descriptive analysis was possible using R software version 3.2, SPSS version 25.0, XLSTAT 2016, PAST and EXCEL programs from Microsoft Office 2013. Results: The main results highlight economic stress, with 45.60% of households surveyed earning less than US$154 per month;55% of household heads were women in single-parent families;14% of household heads were unemployed, 22% worked in the private sector and 19% were self-employed. This general economic situation leads to precarious living conditions, thereby increasing the risk of high blood pressure among the Cameroonian population.