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Ethical-GPT:一种面向人工智能伦理教育的垂类GPT工具设计与实现
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作者 王佑镁 王京京 +1 位作者 张思宇 柳晨晨 《现代教育技术》 CSSCI 2024年第11期27-35,共9页
人工智能技术在推动教育变革的同时,也引发了诸如隐私泄露、技术滥用等伦理风险挑战,使得加强人工智能伦理教育势在必行。同时,当前教育人工智能伦理建设过程中存在的学习资源稀缺、教学方式单一、缺乏实质性的伦理实践等问题也亟待解... 人工智能技术在推动教育变革的同时,也引发了诸如隐私泄露、技术滥用等伦理风险挑战,使得加强人工智能伦理教育势在必行。同时,当前教育人工智能伦理建设过程中存在的学习资源稀缺、教学方式单一、缺乏实质性的伦理实践等问题也亟待解决。对此,文章首先采用“大语言模型微调+本地知识库”的技术路线,设计了面向人工智能伦理教育的垂类GPT工具——Ethical-GPT,并介绍了Ethical-GPT的基础问答、案例学习、情境模拟、智能测验四大功能模块;之后,文章从大模型选取、本地知识库建设、高效模型微调等方面重点阐述了Ethical-GPT的技术实现,并通过对比不同模型的回答结果进行了模型效果分析,发现Ethical-GPT具有良好的专业问答能力,并且能够随机生成并呈现多样化的伦理案例;最后,文章深入探讨了Ethical-GPT的教育应用场景。文章设计的Ethical-GPT不仅为人工智能伦理的教育实践提供了工具支持,也为推动教育领域专用大语言模型的构建提供了参考思路。 展开更多
关键词 ethical-GPT 教育人工智能 伦理教育 大语言模型
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Multidisciplinary design optimization of a dual-spin guided vehicle
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作者 Jalal Karimi Mohammad Reza Rajabi +1 位作者 Seyed Hossein Sadati Seyed Mahid Hosseini 《Defence Technology(防务技术)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第7期133-148,共16页
In this research,a Multidisciplinary Design Optimization approach is proposed for the dual-spin guided flying projectile design considering external and internal parts of the body as design variables.In this way,a par... In this research,a Multidisciplinary Design Optimization approach is proposed for the dual-spin guided flying projectile design considering external and internal parts of the body as design variables.In this way,a parametric formulation is developed.All related disciplines,including structure,aerodynamics,guidance,and control are considered.Minimum total mass,maximum aerodynamic control effectiveness,minimum miss distance,maximum yield stress in all subsystems,controllability and gyroscopic stability constraints are some of objectives/constraints taken into account.The problem is formulated in All-At-Ones Multidisciplinary Design Optimization approach structure and solved by Simulated Annealing and minimax algorithms.The optimal configurations are evaluated in various aspects.The resulted optimal configurations have met all design objectives and constraints. 展开更多
关键词 Flying projectile optimal design All-at-ones multidisciplinary optimization Structure discipline Guidance and control discipline Aerodynamic discipline
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Challenges and Suggestions of Ethical Review on Clinical Research Involving Brain-Computer Interfaces
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作者 Xue-Qin Wang Hong-Qiang Sun +3 位作者 Jia-Yue Si Zi-Yan Lin Xiao-Mei Zhai Lin Lu 《Chinese Medical Sciences Journal》 CAS CSCD 2024年第2期131-139,共9页
Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology is rapidly advancing in medical research and application.As an emerging biomedical engineering technology,it has garnered significant attention in the clinical research of brain... Brain-computer interface(BCI)technology is rapidly advancing in medical research and application.As an emerging biomedical engineering technology,it has garnered significant attention in the clinical research of brain disease diagnosis and treatment,neurological rehabilitation,and mental health.However,BCI also raises several challenges and ethical concerns in clinical research.In this article,the authors investigate and discuss three aspects of BCI in medicine and healthcare:the state of international ethical governance,multidimensional ethical challenges pertaining to BCI in clinical research,and suggestive concerns for ethical review.Despite the great potential of frontier BCI research and development in the field of medical care,the ethical challenges induced by itself and the complexities of clinical research and brain function have put forward new special fields for ethics in BCI.To ensure"responsible innovation"in BCI research in healthcare and medicine,the creation of an ethical global governance framework and system,along with special guidelines for cutting-edge BCI research in medicine,is suggested. 展开更多
关键词 brain-computer interface clinical research BIOethicS ethical governance ethical review
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Errata regarding missing Ethical Statements in previously published articles:Part 3
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《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第2期737-737,共1页
Ethical statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Journal of Integrative Agriculture.The appropriate statements provided by the Authors are inc... Ethical statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Journal of Integrative Agriculture.The appropriate statements provided by the Authors are included below. 展开更多
关键词 statements ethicAL MISSING
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Errata regarding missing Ethical Statements in previously published articles:Part 5
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《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第2期739-739,共1页
Ethical statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Journal of Integrative Agriculture.The appropriate statements provided by the Authors are inc... Ethical statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Journal of Integrative Agriculture.The appropriate statements provided by the Authors are included below. 展开更多
关键词 statements ethicAL MISSING
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Errata regarding missing Ethical Statements in previously published articles:Part 4
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《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第2期738-738,共1页
Ethical statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Journal of Integrative Agriculture.The appropriate statements provided by the Authors are inc... Ethical statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Journal of Integrative Agriculture.The appropriate statements provided by the Authors are included below. 展开更多
关键词 statements ethicAL MISSING
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Errata regarding missing Ethical Statements in previously published articles:Part 1
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《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第2期735-735,共1页
Ethical statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Journal of Integrative Agriculture.The appropriate statements provided by the Authors are inc... Ethical statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Journal of Integrative Agriculture.The appropriate statements provided by the Authors are included below. 展开更多
关键词 statements ethicAL MISSING
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Errata regarding missing Ethical Statements in previously published articles:Part 2
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《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第2期736-736,共1页
Ethical statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Journal of Integrative Agriculture.The appropriate statements provided by the Authors are inc... Ethical statements were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Journal of Integrative Agriculture.The appropriate statements provided by the Authors are included below. 展开更多
关键词 statements ethicAL MISSING
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Ethical Decision-Making Framework Based on Incremental ILP Considering Conflicts
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作者 Xuemin Wang Qiaochen Li Xuguang Bao 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第3期3619-3643,共25页
Humans are experiencing the inclusion of artificial agents in their lives,such as unmanned vehicles,service robots,voice assistants,and intelligent medical care.If the artificial agents cannot align with social values... Humans are experiencing the inclusion of artificial agents in their lives,such as unmanned vehicles,service robots,voice assistants,and intelligent medical care.If the artificial agents cannot align with social values or make ethical decisions,they may not meet the expectations of humans.Traditionally,an ethical decision-making framework is constructed by rule-based or statistical approaches.In this paper,we propose an ethical decision-making framework based on incremental ILP(Inductive Logic Programming),which can overcome the brittleness of rule-based approaches and little interpretability of statistical approaches.As the current incremental ILP makes it difficult to solve conflicts,we propose a novel ethical decision-making framework considering conflicts in this paper,which adopts our proposed incremental ILP system.The framework consists of two processes:the learning process and the deduction process.The first process records bottom clauses with their score functions and learns rules guided by the entailment and the score function.The second process obtains an ethical decision based on the rules.In an ethical scenario about chatbots for teenagers’mental health,we verify that our framework can learn ethical rules and make ethical decisions.Besides,we extract incremental ILP from the framework and compare it with the state-of-the-art ILP systems based on ASP(Answer Set Programming)focusing on conflict resolution.The results of comparisons show that our proposed system can generate better-quality rules than most other systems. 展开更多
关键词 ethical decision-making inductive logic programming incremental learning conflicts
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Dialogue on standards:directions and difficulties of standardization discipline construction
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《China Standardization》 2024年第5期28-49,共22页
To probe into the directions and difficulties of standardization discipline construction in China,China Standardization Press organized a pertinent dialogue on July 10.During the event,Yu Xinli,President of China Asso... To probe into the directions and difficulties of standardization discipline construction in China,China Standardization Press organized a pertinent dialogue on July 10.During the event,Yu Xinli,President of China Association for Standardization,was invited as the moderator.Several standardization experts including Song Mingshun,Mai Lyubo,Qiang Yi,Cao Lili,and Huang Manxue from the China Standardization Expert Committee and renowned universities and research institutes in the country were invited as guests to give their insightful views. 展开更多
关键词 DIRECTIONS disciplinE standardization
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Ethics of Human Resources Management in the Cameroonian Health System, Medical Nomadism and the Ineffectiveness of the Fight against High Blood Pressure
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作者 Jean Ndibi Abanda Anicet Onana Akoa +2 位作者 Désiré Tchoffo Ulrich Dama Pierre Yassa Yoniene 《Health》 2024年第1期9-21,共13页
Context/objectives: The fight against Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) is a long-term undertaking, which requires available, motivated and well-managed human resources (HR). The administrative management of sk... Context/objectives: The fight against Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) is a long-term undertaking, which requires available, motivated and well-managed human resources (HR). The administrative management of skills on both qualitative and quantitative levels is one of the essential functions of a health system. To better implement policies of fight against High Blood Pressure (HBP) and other chronic diseases, it is important to establish strategies to retain health personnel. This loyalty requires favorable working conditions and consideration of the contribution-reward couple. Good working conditions are likely to reduce the phenomenon of medical nomadism;conversely, poor HR management can contribute to their exodus towards exotic “green pastures”, thus leading to an additional crisis in the Cameroonian health system. The fight against HBP is a complex, multifaceted and multifactorial reality that requires appropriate management model for all types of resources mainly HR. The main objective of this research is to show the impact of poor management of human resources in Cameroon health system on medical nomadism and the ineffectiveness of the fight against High Blood Pressure. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive survey among five hundred (500) health facilities in the center region of Cameroon has been conducted. A stratified probabilistic technique has been used, and the number of health facilities to be surveyed has been determined using the “sample size estimation table” of Depelteau. The physical questionnaires have been printed and then distributed to data collectors. After data collection, the latter were grouped during processing in Excel sheets. The Chi-square test was used for data with a qualitative value and that of Kolmogorov-Sminorf for data with a quantitative value to assess the normality and reliability of data. The Crochach’s Alpha reliability test allowed us to have a summary of the means and variances and then to search for intragroup correlations between variables. Descriptive analysis was possible with the XLSTAT 2016 software. Results: 43.60% of Health Facilities (HF) managers were unqualified. 82.20% of HF managers have staff in a situation of professional insecurity. They are mainly contractual (49.00), decision-making agents (24.40%), casual agents (08.80). The proportion of unstable personnel is average of 22.00% and very unstable, 12.00%. 展开更多
关键词 ethicS Human Resources Management Cameroonian Health System Medical Nomadism Ineffectiveness High Blood Pressure
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Exploring the intersection of the medical metaverse and healthcare ethics:future considerations and caveats
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作者 Colm McCourt 《Global Health Journal》 2024年第1期36-40,共5页
The medical metaverse and digital twin are set to revolutionise healthcare.Like all emerging technologies their benefits must be weighed against their ethical and social,impacts.If we consider the advances of medical ... The medical metaverse and digital twin are set to revolutionise healthcare.Like all emerging technologies their benefits must be weighed against their ethical and social,impacts.If we consider the advances of medical technology as an expression of our values,such as the pursuit of knowledge,cures and healing,an ethical study allows us to align our values and steer the technology towards an agreed goal.However,to appreciate the long-term consequents of a technology,those consequences must be considered in the context of a society already shaped by that technology.This paper identifies the technologies currently shaping society and considers the ethical,and social consequences of the medical metaverse and digital twin in that future society. 展开更多
关键词 Web 3 Metaverse Digital twin MEDICINE Healthcare ethicS Blockchain
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Ethical framework for artificial intelligence in healthcare research:A path to integrity
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作者 Ahmad A Abujaber Abdulqadir J Nashwan 《World Journal of Methodology》 2024年第3期1-6,共6页
The integration of Artificial Intelligence(AI)into healthcare research promises unprecedented advancements in medical diagnostics,treatment personalization,and patient care management.However,these innovations also br... The integration of Artificial Intelligence(AI)into healthcare research promises unprecedented advancements in medical diagnostics,treatment personalization,and patient care management.However,these innovations also bring forth significant ethical challenges that must be addressed to maintain public trust,ensure patient safety,and uphold data integrity.This article sets out to introduce a detailed framework designed to steer governance and offer a systematic method for assuring that AI applications in healthcare research are developed and executed with integrity and adherence to medical research ethics. 展开更多
关键词 Artificial intelligence ethical framework Healthcare research ethical Principles INTEGRITY Patient safety
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Facing ethical concerns in the age of precise gene therapy:Outlook on inherited arrhythmias
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作者 Federico Carbone Fabrizio Montecucco 《World Journal of Cardiology》 2024年第2期64-66,共3页
This editorial,comments on the article by Spartalis et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Cardiology.We here provide an outlook on potential ethical concerns related to the future application of ... This editorial,comments on the article by Spartalis et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Cardiology.We here provide an outlook on potential ethical concerns related to the future application of gene therapy in the field of inherited arrhythmias.As monogenic diseases with no or few therapeutic options available through standard care,inherited arrhythmias are ideal candidates to gene therapy in their treatment.Patients with inherited arrhythmias typically have a poor quality of life,especially young people engaged in agonistic sports.While genome editing for treatment of inherited arrhythmias still has theoretical application,advances in CRISPR/Cas9 technology now allows the generation of knock-in animal models of the disease.However,clinical translation is somehow expected soon and this make consistent discussing about ethical concerns related to gene editing in inherited arrhythmias.Genomic off-target activity is a known technical issue,but its relationship with ethnical and individual genetical diversity raises concerns about an equitable accessibility.Meanwhile,the costeffectiveness may further limit an equal distribution of gene therapies.The economic burden of gene therapies on healthcare systems is is increasingly recognized as a pressing concern.A growing body of studies are reporting uncertainty in payback periods with intuitive short-term effects for insurance-based healthcare systems,but potential concerns for universal healthcare systems in the long term as well.Altogether,those aspects strongly indicate a need of regulatory entities to manage those issues. 展开更多
关键词 ethicS Inherited arrhythmias CRISPR/Cas9 Gene therapy Equitable accessibility
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Integrating GPT into the Journalism and Communication Industries:The Technological Logic,Ecosystem Reconstruction,and Ethical Chal enges
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作者 Chen Yuxia 《Contemporary Social Sciences》 2024年第3期106-119,共14页
Generative AI,represented by GPT(Generative Pre-trained Transformer),is now leading the technological revolution and is reconstructing the journalism and communication industries'ecosystems because of its powerful... Generative AI,represented by GPT(Generative Pre-trained Transformer),is now leading the technological revolution and is reconstructing the journalism and communication industries'ecosystems because of its powerful generative capacity and diverse range of outputs.While GPT is busy revolutionizing and innovating the production of news content,working patterns,and operation modes,it has also given rise to ethical concerns in regard to news authenticity,data security,humanistic values,and other related aspects.Therefore,it is imperative to initiate strategies and approaches,such as establishing a mechanism for verifying information authenticity,enhancing data security and privacy regulations,and instituting an ethical supervision and governance framework for AI,in order to facilitate the systematic advancement of AI-based news production while reinstating public trust. 展开更多
关键词 GPT model journalism and communication technological revolution ecosystem reconstruction ethical concerns
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The Ethical Choice of Business English Interpreters under Chesterman’s Model of Translation Ethics
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作者 HUANG Li-hua 《Journal of Literature and Art Studies》 2024年第9期808-814,共7页
This paper explores the ethical challenges encountered by business English interpreters using Chesterman’s Model of Translation Ethics,set against the context of economic globalization and the“Belt and Road”initiat... This paper explores the ethical challenges encountered by business English interpreters using Chesterman’s Model of Translation Ethics,set against the context of economic globalization and the“Belt and Road”initiative.With the increasing demand for interpreters,the paper delves into the ongoing discussion about the role of AI in translation and its limitations,especially concerning cultural subtleties and ethical issues.It highlights the importance of human interpreters’cross-cultural understanding and the ethical principles that inform their work,such as the Ethics of Representation,Service,Communication,Norm-based Ethics,and Commitment.Moreover,the paper examines how these ethical models are applied in practical business situations,including business banquets,business negotiations,business talks and business visits,etc.,and investigates the cultural misunderstandings that may occur during these interactions.The study concludes that although AI provides efficiency and cost savings,human interpreters are essential for their capacity to handle the intricacies of cross-cultural communication with cultural awareness and ethical discernment. 展开更多
关键词 CHESTERMAN translation ethics model ethical choice business English interpreters
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The Role of Ethics in Library and Information Practice
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作者 Emanuel Orban 《Cultural and Religious Studies》 2024年第10期616-623,共8页
Applied ethics finds application in all spheres of social life,one of which is the field of library and information science.Ethics is an important pillar contributing to the systematic order of the library and its col... Applied ethics finds application in all spheres of social life,one of which is the field of library and information science.Ethics is an important pillar contributing to the systematic order of the library and its collection.Ethical principles are contained in key documents such as the Librarian’s Code of Ethics,partly in the Library(Lending)Regulations,and should therefore be adopted by every member of staff.The library profession consists not only of working with information,namely making it available,but also of setting up effective communication towards users(readers)in the form of defining optimal solutions eliminating the problems that arise.The aim of our efforts is to capture the most common problems that arise from misunderstandings between librarian and user(reader)and to make clear what specific role ethical values play in library and information practice. 展开更多
关键词 ethicS LIBRARIANSHIP COMMUNICATION INFORMATION management
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Designing a medical ethics curriculum in ophthalmology
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作者 Matthew D.Gearinger 《Annals of Eye Science》 2024年第1期4-9,共6页
Ethical principles form a bedrock to medical practice in any specialty,guiding physicians to appropriate attitudes and behaviors.A formal ethics curriculum can be difficult to generate de novo in an ophthalmology trai... Ethical principles form a bedrock to medical practice in any specialty,guiding physicians to appropriate attitudes and behaviors.A formal ethics curriculum can be difficult to generate de novo in an ophthalmology training program.A number of barriers exist in most ophthalmology departments:trainees may think ethics is of secondary importance compared to core basic and clinical science topics;most ophthalmology faculty have no formal degree in medical ethics;there is limited didactic time with competing academic,clinical,and surgical priorities;work-hours regulations may limit the time available to deliver“para-professional”lectures;and there is a belief that the medical ethics lectures during medical school is a sufficient amount of coursework to last through a physician’s career with no need for continuing professional development.The four pillars of medical ethics are beneficence,non-maleficence,autonomy,and justice.In addition,morals,ethics,and professionalism are important aspects of sound medical practice.A curriculum specific to medical ethics in ophthalmology can be developed in any of our sub-specialties and include lectures,curated readings,case rounds,and clinic wrap-up sessions.Ethical considerations are part of everyday clinical practice,and a structured ethics curriculum can be incorporated into ophthalmology training programs.The concept of backward design can be used to structure the curriculum,starting with the expected outcome,then designing authentic assessments,and finally putting together a learning plan that has students actively involved in ethical discussions.This paper will provide a guide to developing an ethics curriculum for an ophthalmology training program utilizing the concept of backwards design and guide the reader through the process of developing expected learning outcomes,authentic assessments,and a unified learning plan. 展开更多
关键词 Medical ethics curriculum design medical education
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Value and Measures of Integrating Local Red Culture into the Ideological and Political Course of Environmental Disciplines under the OBE Concept
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作者 Xiong YAN Wenzhao LI +5 位作者 Shenwen CAI Bailian XIONG Liumei CHEN Junwei CHENG Qinghe WANG Leilei FAN 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2024年第2期40-42,共3页
Based on output-oriented education,the OBE(Outcome-Based Education)concept integrates local red culture into the ideological and political course of environmental disciplines,and is an important part of training appli... Based on output-oriented education,the OBE(Outcome-Based Education)concept integrates local red culture into the ideological and political course of environmental disciplines,and is an important part of training applied talents of environmental disciplines in the new era.This educational model makes an innovation on the traditional educational and teaching concepts and centers on students.This paper analyzes the value of integrating local red culture into the ideological and political course under the OBE concept,and puts forward an effective implementation path. 展开更多
关键词 OBE(Outcome-Based Education)concept Local red culture Environmental disciplines Ieological and political course
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On Evaluating University Teachers’ Morality and Ethics in the New Era
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作者 LIU Qiu-fen 《Journal of Literature and Art Studies》 2024年第1期92-94,共3页
University teachers play an important role in promoting moral and political education among university students.Regular and long-term construction of teachers’morality and ethics will contribute to the success of the... University teachers play an important role in promoting moral and political education among university students.Regular and long-term construction of teachers’morality and ethics will contribute to the success of the fundamental task of cultivating talents.The present study proposes that due to the multiple identities of university teachers,it is necessary to evaluate the construction of teachers’morality and ethics in terms of what to evaluate and how to evaluate?It is expected that the attempt will provide useful guidance for the construction of university teachers’morality and ethics. 展开更多
关键词 university teachers morality and ethics construction EVALUATION
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