常规-非常规油气“有序聚集”理论认识及实践意义

在分析全球常规．非常规油气发展态势、梳理中国近10年油气地质理论与技术创新成果基础上，系统阐述了常规．非常规油气“有序聚集”内涵，指出常规油气供烃方向有非常规油气共生、非常规油气外围空间可能有常规油气伴生，强调常规油气与非常规油气协同发展，找油思想从“源外找油”深入到“进源找油”。非常规油气甜点着眼于烃源性、岩性、物性、脆性、含油气性与应力各向异性“六特性”匹配评价，以页岩气为例，中国有利页岩气TOC大于2％，纹层状硅质钙质或钙质硅质页岩，孔隙度3％～8％，脆性矿物含量50％~80％，含气量2．3～4．1m0／t，压力系数1．0～2．3，天然裂缝发育；北美有利页岩气TOC大于4％，硅质页岩、钙质页岩或泥灰岩，孔隙度4％～9％，脆性矿物含量40％-70％，含气量2．8～9．9m3／t，压力系数1．30～1.85，天然裂缝发育。重点论述了“甜点区”评价、平台式“工厂化”生产模式等方法与技术：提出非常规油气富集“甜点区”8项评价标准，其中3项关键指标是TOC大于2％（其中页岩油蜀大于2mg／g）、孔隙度较高（致密油气大于10％，页岩油气大于3％）和微裂缝发育；阐述了多井平台式“工厂化”生产内涵及其实施需要具备“批量布井、标准设计、流水作业、重复利用”4要素；通过地下含油气地层各方向水平井体积压裂，形成大型人工缝网系统“人造油气藏”。

High-yield Cultivating Techniques of Flammulina velutipes

Flammulina velutipes is an edible fungus with the largest amount of factory-like cultivation yield in China. In this study,based on many years of cultivation experience, 2 kinds of factory-like high-yield cultivating techniques of F. velutipes in China were summarized. One way is bag cultivation, and the other way is bottle cultivation. The cultivation process of the 2 methods were introduced in detail, including mixing material, bagging or bottling, sterilization, inoculation, spawn running, and mushroom fruiting.