The Impact of Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer-AJA-on Family Functioning.Study of Family Relationships in Terms of Adaptability and Cohesion

Objectives:The arrival of cancer in adolescents and young adults(aged 15 to 24 years)-Adolescents and young adults(AJA)-corresponds to a fragile period during which the adulthood of the young person and the evolution of family ties mobilize the family as a whole.Therefore,cancer,beyond its individual traumatic dimension,affects the whole family,which can modify family ties and family functioning.Our objective is to evaluate family functioning from the complex model evaluating cohesion and adaptability when an adolescent or young adult has cancer.Methods:Adolescents and young adults with cancer(n=41),mothers(n=41),and fathers(n=13)participated in this study.They completed the Family Adaptation and Cohesion Scales(FACES Ⅲ)questionnaire.Family functioning when an aya is ill has been compared to that of families without any disease.Results:a comparison of the mean scores of perceived cohesion and adaptability of face Ⅲ indicates no significant difference for cohesion.In contrast,the averages of the adaptability scores of our sample with those of the general population indicate that families with cancer hais generally feel more“adaptable”than the non-clinical population.These results are statistically significant for AJA,but also for mothers and fathers.Regarding the mean scores of ideal cohesion and ideal adaptability,there are no significant differences between fathers in our sample and fathers in the general population.In contrast,mothers in our sample had less ideal adaptability than those in the general population.In aya patients with cancer,the scores of both adaptability and cohesion were significantly different from those of non-diseased adolescents.Conclusion:Cancer leads to many changes in family relationships,making it difficult to empower the young patient and latent the evolution of the relationship.

Identification of a LMNA (c.646C>T) variant by whole-exome sequencing in combination with a dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) related gene filter in a family with familiar DCM

Dilated cardiomyopathy（DCM）is characterized by the dilated heart chambers and reduced systolic function in the absence of specific aetiology[1].Approximately one third of DCM cases are hereditary.In recent years,DCM concomitant with arrhythmias and sudden death resulting from gene mutation has been widely

Family-relatedFactorsThatInfluenceChildren’sAcademicAchievementsinSchool

This essay studies various family-related factors that influence a child’s academic achievement in school in P.R. China. The factors are illustrated under three categories: the family’s social class and education, early home environment and family material condition. The author discusses the relevant factors by way of relating the knowledge of social environment to his own experiences as a student and then teacher in China. The essay closes with a discussion directing the public’s attention to the concern about home-related factors influencing a child’s academic achievements in school.

Depressed-type (0-IIc) colorectal neoplasm in patients with family history of first-degree relatives with colorectal cancer:A cross-sectional study

AIM： TO investigate the correlation of depressed-type （0-IIc） colorectal neoplasm and family history of firstdegree relatives （FDR） with colorectal cancer （CRC）. METHODS： This cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2000 to October 2002 at National Cancer Center Hospital East. Eligible patients undergoing initial total colonoscopy were surveyed regarding family history of CRC among FDR by a questionnaire prior to colonoscopic examinations. All endoscopic findings during colonoscopy were recorded and the macroscopic classification of the early stage neoplasm/cancer was classified into two types （0-IIc vs non 0-IIc）. Odds ratios （OR） and 95% confidence intervals （CI） were calculated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression to estimate the association between macroscopic features and clinicopathological data including gender, age, and family history of FDR with CRC. RESULTS： The OR of an association between family history of FDR with CRC and overall early stage neoplasm adjusted by gender and age was 1.85 （95% CI： 1.31-2.61, P = 0.0004）, that for non 0-IIc neoplasm was 1.71 （95% CI： 1.22-2.41, P = 0.0017） and for 0-IIc colorectal neoplasm was 2.78 （95% CI： 1.49-5.16, P = 0.0031）. CONCLUSION： Our study shows a significant association between a family history of FDR with CRC and 0-IIc colorectal neoplasm. When patients with a family history of FDR with CRC undergo colonoscopy, colonoscopists should check carefully for not only polypoid, but also depressed-type （0-IIc） lesions.

Attachment Styles are Related to ERPs Elicited to Angry Faces in an Oddball Paradigm

Attachment theory suggests that anxious attachment is associated with hypervigilance to threatening social stimuli, and avoidant attachment with avoidance or suppression of processing such stimuli. Twenty-five students viewed angry, fearful and neutral female faces in four visual oddball tasks, and completed the Attachment Style Questionnaire, the Autonomy-Connectedness Scale, and Anxiety and Depression subscales of the Symptom Checklist-90. When the oddballs were angry faces in a background of neutral frequents, we found higher levels of autonomy and secure attachment to be related to larger N100 and smaller P300 amplitudes;higher levels of anxious attachment were, on the contrary, associated with smaller N100 and larger P300 amplitudes. Variation in attachment is related to approaching, or withdrawing from threatening stimuli, and ERP-techniques add to our understanding of how the attachment system actually works.

Age-related Changes in Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Phenotype in Transgenic Mice and Humans

β-myosin heavy chain mutations are the most frequently identified basis for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy （HCM）. A transgenic mouse model （αMHC403） has been extensively used to study various mechanistic aspects of HCM. There is general skepticism whether mouse and human disease features are similar. Herein we compare morphologie and functional characteristics, and disease evolu- tion, in a transgenic mouse and a single family with a MHC mutation. Ten male αWHC403 transgenic mice （at -5 weeks, -12 weeks, and -24 weeks） and 10 HCM patients from the same family with a β-myosin heavy chain mutation were enrolled. Morphometric, conventional echocardiographic, tissue Doppler and strain analytic characteristics of transgenic mice and HCM patients were assessed. Ten male transgenic mice （αMHC403） were examined at ages -5 weeks, -12 weeks, and -24 Weeks. In the transgenic mice, aging was associated with a significant increase in septal （0.59±0.06 vs. 0.64±-0.05 vs. 0.69±0.11 mm, P〈0.01） and anterior wall thickness （0.58±0.1 vs. 0.62±0.07 vs. 0.80-1-0.16 mm, P〈0.001）, which was coincident with a significant decrease in circumferential strain （-22%=1=4% vs. -20%-4-3% vs. -19%-4-3%, P=0.03）, global longitudinal strain （-19%-4-3% vs. -17%-4-2% vs. -16%±3%, P=0.001） and E/A ratio （1.9±0.3 vs. 1.7-4-0.3 vs. 1.4-4-0.3, P=0.01）. The HCM patients were classified into 1st generation （n=6; mean age 534-6 years）, and 2nd generation （n=4; mean age 32＋8 years）. Septal thickness （2.2±0.9 vs. 1.4±0.1 cm, P〈0.05）, left atrial （LA） volume （62±16 vs. 41±5 mL, P=0.03）, E/A ratio （0.77±0.21 vs. 1.1±0.1, P=0.01）, E/e＇ ratio （25±10 vs. 12±2, P=0.03）, global left ventricular （LV） strain （-14%±3% vs. -20%±3%, P=0.01） and global LV early diastolic strain rate （0.76±0.17 s1 vs. 1.3±0.2 s-1, P=0.01） were significantly worse in the older generation. In β-myosin heavy chain muta- tions, transgenic mice and humans have similar progression in morphologic and functional abnormali- ties. The αMHC4±3 transgenic mouse model closely recapitulates human disease.

Key Elements of “Family” Life Style of Old-age Residential Facilities

The problem of old-age care in China is more and more serious. Under the background of continuous promotion of community old-age, the importance of research on the"family" life style of oldage residential facilities has become increasingly prominent. Through field survey of different types of oldage residential facilities and questionnaire interviews, the shortcomings of the old-age residential facilities in Xi’an were compared and summarized, and the key elements of "family" life style of the old-age residential facilities were concluded, which mainly include urban community embeddedness, family structure elements, indoor furnishings and accompanying care system. The "family" life style of the old-age residential facilities can not only maintain the "kinship" living needs, but also conform to the new direction of promoting the "community" of the old-age residential facilities in China.

A Study on the Influence of Family Upbringing Style on Teenagers' Mental Health

With the frequent occurrence of adolescents'psychological problems,it is of great practical significance to study the mental health of adolescents.Because the family environment of different teenagers is different,the education method and educational environment of each family may have a huge impact on the mental health of teenagers.The article will study the impact of family parenting on the mental health of adolescents based on the comparative method and the literature research method.

The Investigation of Relative Efficacy Family Training and Life Strategies on Caring Chronic Mental Illness in Family

This research is a semi-empirical study aiming to examine the effect of family trainings and life skills among the families, if Mashhad with chronic mental disorders. In doing this research, a sample of 300 subjects has been chosen in the stratified random and systematic approach from the families of chronic mental disorders who have been admitted in round the clock centers in Mashhad and who have been in the waiting list and these subjects have been divided to two groups of experiment and control randomly and we introduce family trainings and life skills to the experiment group. There was no training to control group. These two groups were tested in period to the beginning of trainings and post training with instruments such as taking care and mental disorders attitude questionnaire, life skills attitude questionnaire, California social adjustment? questionnaire, Rosenberg self-esteem, general health questionnaire and epidemiological mental disorders questionnaire. The result indicated that training had no effect on the attitude of families toward taking care of mental disorder, but family member’s attitude toward mental disorder had been changed. These trainings have been influential on changing family member’s attitude toward life skills, social adjustment, self-esteem, mental health increase and reducing mental disorders.

Influence of Family Financial Conditions on the Choice of Family Parenting Style : An Empirical Study Based on CEPS Data

As an important factor affecting the accumulation of children s human capital,family parenting style is of great significance to the future development of filial generation.Based on China s social reality,the study investigated the influence of family financial conditions on the choice of family parenting style by using the data of CEPS2013-2014.The results showed that the improvement of family financial conditions significantly increased the intensity of the parenting style chosen by the family,and parents would have higher requirements for their children s daily study and life.Moreover,such impact varied among different classes and regions.

Family Lifestyle and Housing Preferences during the Process of Globalization： The Case of Turkey

Although the fundamental physical role of housing is safety and sheltering for individuals, it is in fact the collection of places that hold the family together. Due to globalization and changes in the world, housing is no longer only a structure that provides sheltering but is also a factor that provides mutual interaction in formation of life style and quality. The elements such as the increase in the effect of consumption preferences and life style on selections, the changes in family structure, and urban structures also influence the residences used and housing preferences. The purpose of this study is to determine the general situation of housing preferences while taking into account the family life style in Turkey and at the same time to make an evaluation based on international publications.

EXPLORATION OF THE LATENT RELATION BETWEEN CONTENT AND STYLE THROUGH JOURNALS ON THE TEXTS FROM BOOK~⑧ EDITED BY HUANG YUANSHEN ZHU ZHONGYI

Writing style is the essential issue even at the early stage the beginners who learnto read and write have to confront.From the part-Notes on reading and writing beforethe part of exercises of each lesson in English Book V-VⅢ we can come to see that the ed-itors attempt to mix the content(ideas)with the corresponding techniques.This is

椎间盘退变中胶原蛋白的代谢失衡

背景:腰椎间盘退行性疾病是导致腰痛和下肢神经症状的常见疾病。胶原代谢的平衡在维持椎间盘的稳定中发挥着重要的作用。目的:对椎间盘退变中胶原蛋白代谢失衡的研究进展作一综述。方法:由第一作者在中国知网、PubMed、Web of Science数据库中检索2024年5月之前发表的相关文章,中文检索词为“椎间盘退变疾病”“胶原代谢”“胶原酶家族”“胶原合成相关因子”“细胞因子”,英文检索词为“degenerative disc disease”“Collagen metabolism”“Collagenase family”“Collagen synthesis related factors”“Collagen breakdown related factors”。最终纳入76篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:在椎间盘退变的过程中,胶原蛋白代谢的平衡在维持正常椎间盘的稳定中起到至关重要的作用。当椎间盘发生退变时,椎间盘内分泌大量促炎因子、胶原酶,并发生氧化应激反应等,使椎间盘内胶原蛋白分解增加,同时抑制生长因子、胶原蛋白合成酶、胶原蛋合成相关因子的生成,使椎间盘内胶原蛋白合成减少。上述两种情况共同作用使椎间盘内胶原蛋白的代谢平衡被打破,进一步加剧了椎间盘退变的进程。

What is the quantitative risk of gastric cancer in the first-degree relatives of patients? A meta-analysis

AIMTo quantify the risk of gastric cancer in first-degree relatives of patients with the cancer.METHODSA comprehensive literature search was performed. Case-control trials comparing the frequency of a positive family history of gastric cancer in patients with gastric cancer, vs non-gastric cancer controls were retrieved. Studies with missed or non-extractable data, studies in children, abstracts, and duplicate publications were excluded. A meta-analysis of pooled odd ratios was performed using Review Manager 5.0.25. We performed subgroup analysis on Asian studies and a sensitivity analysis based on the quality of the studies, type of the outcome, sample size, and whether studies considered only first-degree relatives.RESULTSThirty-two relevant studies out of 612 potential abstracts (n = 80690 individuals) were included. 19.0% of the patients and 10.9% of the controls had at least one relative with gastric cancer (P < 0.00001). The pooled relative risk for the development of gastric cancer in association with a positive family history was 2.35 (95%CI: 1.96-2.81). The Cochran Q test for heterogeneity was positive (P < 0.00001, I² = 92%). After excluding the three outlier studies with the highest relative risks, heterogeneity remained significant (P < 0.00001, I² = 90%). The result was not different among Asian studies as compared to others and remained robust in several sensitivity analyses. In the 26 studies which exclusively analysed the history of gastric cancer in first-degree relatives, the relative risk was 2.71 (95%CI: 2.08-3.53; P < 0.00001).CONCLUSIONIndividuals with a first-degree relative affected with gastric cancer have a risk of about 2.5-fold for the development of gastric cancer. This could be due to genetic or environmental factors. Screening and preventive strategies should be developed for this high-risk population.

Stomach cancer screening and preventive behaviors in relatives of gastric cancer patients

AIM:To investigate gastric cancer screening and preventive behaviors among the relatives of patients with gastric cancer[i.e.,gastric cancer relatives(GCRs)].METHODS:We examined the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005(KNHANESⅢ) database and compared the gastric cancer screening and preventive behaviors of GCRs(n=261)with those of non-GCRs(n=454)and controls without a family history of cancer(n=2842).RESULTS:The GCRs were more likely to undergo gastric cancer screening compared with the control group(39.2%vs 32.3%,adjusted odds ratio:1.43,CI:1.05-1.95),although the absolute screening rate was low.Dietary patterns and smoking rates did not differ significantly between the groups,and a high proportion of GCRs reported inappropriate dietary habits(i.e.,approximately 95%consumed excessive sodium,30% were deficient in vitamin C,and 85%were deficient in dietary fiber).CONCLUSION:The gastric cancer screening and preventive behaviors of GCRs have yet to be improved.To increase awareness among GCRs,systematic family education programs should be implemented.

Analysis of coping styles of elderly women patients with stress urinary incontinence

Objective:The aim of this study was to survey the coping style and related factors of elderly women with stress urinary incontinence(SUI)and provide a strong theoretical basis for promoting a positive coping style to improve quality of life in these patients.Methods:Cross-sectional surveys addressing SUI cognition and coping techniques of 520 elderly women patients with SUI were administered between July 2013 and February 2014.Results:Elderly women with SUI had significantly higher avoidance and acceptanceresignation scores than the normal population(p<0.05).Age,marital status,education level and stress urinary incontinence cognitive level all influenced the medical coping style of these patients.Conclusions:Elderly female patients with SUI differ in the factors that influence their coping styles;therefore,clinical and community medical staff should include a comprehensive analysis that takes these factors into consideration when working with patients with SUI to guide them in adopting a positive coping style.

Family functioning and depression in primary caregivers of stroke patients in China

Objective:To determine the relationship between family functioning and depression in primary caregivers of stroke survivors in China.Design:Baseline cross-sectional data from an intervention study for stroke survivors and their families were used.Setting:Neurology inpatient service of a large urban hospital.Participants:Stroke survivors(n=180),each with a primary caregiver,were enrolled in this study.The mean age of stroke survivors was 65.60 years,and the mean age of primary caregivers was 57.60 years.Interventions:Not applicable.Methods:The Family Assessment Device(FAD)and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D),respectively,were used.Results:Following a stroke of a family member,71%of caregivers experienced depressive symptoms.Higher depression severity in caregivers was linked to caregiver education,stroke survivor ADLs,and family functioning.Conclusion:Assessment of family functioning may help determine which caregivers are most at risk for developing depressive syndrome.

Loneliness in Older Chilean People: Importance of Family Dysfunction and Depression

Loneliness is considered a public health problem that negatively affects wellbeing,especially in the older population.In Latin-American countries,most of the older population live with their family.Although this is thought to diminish feelings of loneliness,there is scarce data to support this.The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of loneliness and evaluate its association with objective social networks,family functioning and perception of social support,in a sample of older people from Santiago,Chile.A survey was conducted of a representative sample of community older people(60–97 years)from Santiago,Chile,using the UCLA abbreviated scale of loneliness.Logistic regression was performed to test the variables related to the loneliness of older people.A total of 1,217 older people were interviewed.88%were living with at least one person at home and 92%had living children.Using the UCLA abbreviated scale,45%were found to perceive feelings of loneliness at least some of the time.Logistic regression showed significant association between loneliness and family dysfunction;depressive symptoms;living alone;not having a partner(widowed,separated or single);having little contact with relatives and friends;feeling a lack of social support;and sensation of poor self-efficacy.Loneliness is a prevalent public health problem in this older Latin-American community.Living accompanied does not protect against loneliness,particularly in vulnerable groups such as those with depression,or when there are family conflicts.The high prevalence of loneliness strongly conveys the need for public health policies to address loneliness in older people.

Cancer risk in relatives of BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant carriers in a large series of unselected patients with breast cancer

Objective:The spectrum and risk of cancer in relatives of BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant carriers in the Chinese population have not been established.Methods:A family history of cancer in 9903 unselected breast cancer patients was retrospectively analyzed.BRCA1/2 status was determined for all patients and relative risks(RRs)were calculated to evaluate cancer risk in relatives of the patients.Results:The incidences of breast cancer in female relatives of BRCA1 carriers,BRCA2 carriers,and non-carriers were 33.0%,32.2%,and 7.7%,respectively.The corresponding incidences of ovarian cancer were 11.5%,2.4%,and 0.5%,respectively.The incidences of pancreatic cancer in male relatives of BRCA1 carriers,BRCA2 carriers,and non-carriers were 1.4%,2.7%,and 0.6%,respectively.The corresponding incidences of prostate cancer were 1.0%,2.1%,and 0.4%,respectively.The risks of breast and ovarian cancers in female relatives of BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers were significantly higher than female relatives of non-carriers(BRCA1:RR=4.29,P<0.001 and RR=21.95,P<0.001;BRCA2:RR=4.19,P<0.001 and RR=4.65,P<0.001,respectively).Additionally,higher risks of pancreatic and prostate cancers were noted in male relatives of BRCA2 carriers than non-carriers(RR=4.34,P=0.001 and RR=4.86,P=0.001,respectively).Conclusions:Female relatives of BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers are at increased risk for breast and ovarian cancers,and male relatives of BRCA2 carriers are at increased risk for pancreatic and prostate cancers.

A Review of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Symptoms, Risk Factors, Treatment, and Health Related Quality of Life Issues

In this paper, we present a thorough review of one of the most life-threatening autoimmune diseases, Systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus). Symptoms, risk factors, including genetic and epidemiological factors are discussed. Treatment, life expectancies, and Health Related Quality of Life of patients with SLE will be discussed as well. Special attention will be given to Lupus Nephritis.