Evaluation of Agricultural Contamination Level by Heavy Metals and Pesticides in Sediments of Rivers and Water Bodies for Shrimp Fishing in the Lower Ouémé: Case of the Aguigadji, Ahlan and Sele Stations in Benin

This study assessed sediment contamination by heavy metals and pesticide active ingredients linked to chemical inputs used in agricultural activities in the lower Ouémé. Pesticide residues from the organochlorine, pyrethroid and organophosphorus families were investigated by gas chromatography, and heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mg, Cr and Hg) by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The metallic pollution indices, the contamination factor (CF) and the ecological risk index were calculated. The results revealed 8 active ingredients in the rainy season and 9 in the dry season. Glyphosate was the active ingredient with the highest concentration at all stations, 9.65 ± 0.84 mg/kg recorded in the dry season at the Aguigadji station. All glyphosate values were above the EQS. DDT, Atrazine and Endosulfan also showed high concentrations in the dry and rainy seasons. Emamectin, Abamectin and Lambda Cyhalothrin also showed high concentrations in the dry season at Aguigadji, Ahlan and Sele. Only glyphosate was recorded at the control station (Toho), but in very low concentrations. Lead showed the highest concentrations at all the stations, 265.96 ± 21.02 mg/Kg in the rainy season and 255.38 ± 79.09 mg/Kg in the dry season, all detected at the Aguigadji station and above the EQS. Zn, Ni, Fe, Cu and Cr were all representative in both the dry and rainy seasons at the contaminated stations. Manganese showed high concentrations in the rainy season. Pb showed very high contamination (FC ≥ 6) at the Aguigadji and Ahlan stations and significant contamination (3 ≤ FC 6) at the Sele station in both the rainy and dry seasons. Ni, Hg and Cd, showed either moderate or significant contamination at the contaminated stations. The risk values showed a considerable ecological Ri (190 ≤ Ri < 380) in the rainy season and a moderate ecological Ri (95 ≤ Ri < 190) in the dry season at these contaminated stations.

IHC与FISH在乳腺癌HER2蛋白表达和基因扩增检测中的应用

目的比较免疫组织化学法(immunohistochemisity,IHC)和荧光原位杂交法(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)在乳腺癌患者中检测人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER2)的应用。方法2019年2月至2022年1月本院收治158例乳腺癌患者作为研究对象,均采用IHC和FISH检测HER2的蛋白表达和基因扩增情况,比较两种方法的检测结果和一致性。结果IHC结果显示158例患者中HER2(1+)、HER2(2+)、HER2(3+)分别为5例(3.16%)、97例(61.39%)、56例(35.44%),FISH结果显示HER2扩增73例(46.20%),未扩增85例(53.80%),其中,HER2(1+)患者FISH均显示未扩增,阴性符合率为100%;HER2(3+)患者FISH均显示扩增,阳性符合率为100%;97例HER2(2+)患者FISH显示扩增17例,阳性符合率为17.52%。两种方法检测HER2一致性较好且具有统计学意义(Kappa值=0.775,P<0.05)。结论HIC与FISH在乳腺癌患者HER2表达检测中一致性较好,可在临床推广使用,必要时需结合两种方法检测。

基于FISH和GISH技术的芝麻栽培种和野生种染色体组特征比较分析

为揭示胡麻属物种进化特征,探究胡麻属基因组结构演变及物种进化,促进野生资源的开发利用,以芝麻栽培种豫芝11号和2n=26类型野生种S.alatum 3651为试验材料,采用荧光原位杂交(FISH)和基因组荧光原位杂交(GISH)技术对芝麻栽培种和野生种染色体组特征进行分析。结果表明,芝麻栽培种和野生种均为2n=2x=26类型;rDNA-FISH杂交结果显示,栽培种的13对染色体中,3对染色体(第7、8、9对染色体)的短臂端部携带45S rDNA特异信号,显示为随体特异染色体;2对染色体(第5、11对染色体)的短臂携带5S rDNA特异信号,5S rDNA与45S rDNA信号位于不同染色体上。野生种的13对染色体中,有2对染色体(第4、7对染色体)携带45S rDNA杂交信号,1对染色体(第4对染色体)携带5S rDNA特异信号,5S rDNA与45S rDNA信号位于同一染色体不同位置,表明栽培种与野生种的染色体组特征差异较大。GISH杂交结果显示,分别以栽培种和野生种的基因组DNA作探针与自身染色体杂交,每条染色体上携带不同强弱的杂交信号,而与对方染色体杂交,均表现出极少的杂交信号。芝麻栽培种和野生种具有相同的染色体数目,但染色体rDNA数量、分布及其GISH信号均存在明显差异,说明栽培种和野生种亲缘关系较远。

尿脱落细胞FISH单染色体拷贝大量异常分析

目的探讨尿脱落细胞FISH单染色体拷贝大量异常病例的FISH检测结果特点与最终活检病理结果的相关性,进一步完善FISH阳性诊断标准。方法收集847例行尿脱落细胞FISH检测,选择其中不符合阳性标准、但存在大量单染色体拷贝的5例作为研究对象,分析它们的临床特征、FISH检测结果特点、脱落细胞学特征和活检组织病理学检测结果。结果观察相应区域100个核异质上皮细胞,例1显示3号染色体3倍体扩增,异常细胞数32个;例2显示17号染色体3倍体扩增,异常细胞数48个;例3显示17号染色体5倍体扩增,异常细胞数56个;例4显示17号染色体单倍体,异常细胞数67个;例5显示p16基因杂合子缺失,异常细胞数61个,其它染色体均无异常。5例活检病理结果均为低级别或高级别乳头状尿路上皮癌。结论在临床实践中,尿脱落细胞FISH单染色体拷贝大量异常的病例应引起重视,将其归入可疑阳性比较合适,从而能提高尿FISH检测的敏感性,使患者获益。

多基因组合FISH检测技术在黑色素瘤诊断中的应用价值及质控要点分析

目的探讨FISH技术在黑色素瘤诊断中的应用价值及质控要点。方法应用黑色素瘤多基因组合FISH检测试剂盒,对109例色素样本中的6个基因位点(MYB、RREB1、PTEN、MYC、CDKN2A和CCND1)进行检测,分析FISH检测阳性病例的临床病理特征。结果黑色素瘤中的6个基因位点FISH阳性率均显著高于良性黑色素细胞痣(P<0.05)。88例黑色素瘤多基因组合FISH检测结果与各项临床病理特征相关性分析结果显示,不同黑色素瘤组织类型病例中同时3个及以上探针(≥3个探针)FISH阳性比例差异有统计学意义,其中结节型最高(100%),肢端雀斑样次之(96.43%),表浅播散型较低(82.35%)。Breslow厚度>2.0 mm病例中≥3个探针FISH阳性比率显著高于Breslow厚度≤2.0 mm病例。黑色素瘤样本的FISH质控关键点是组织固定:黑色素瘤组织FISH备片2.5~3μm厚为宜;若色素影响严重,可做单种绿色信号判读加其他检测方式辅助诊断。结论FISH检测6个基因位点对黑色素瘤辅助诊断具有重要价值;应严格进行黑色素瘤样本FISH技术的质量控制。

FISH技术检测乳腺癌HER2基因的质控要点

目的探讨FISH技术检测乳腺癌HER2基因的质控要点。方法收集2022年6月至2023年6月安阳市肿瘤医院病理科乳腺癌HER2 FISH检测样本208例。4例样本检测不合格需重新制片进行HER2 FISH检测,对比前后检测效果。结果4例样本重新制片后在荧光显微镜下显示细胞核内杂交信号清晰,双色信号,背景干净。结论制定和完善FISH技术检测乳腺癌HER2基因的质控要点是保证FISH检测结果的准确性、可靠性和及时性的前提。

Roles of fishing and climate change in long-term fish species succession and population dynamics in the outer Beibu Gulf,South China Sea

A prevailing,controversial hypothesis is that fishing pressure has played a greater role than climatic and environmental drivers,in changing fish species succession and biomass fluctuation in the South China Sea(SCS).Based on otter trawl survey data from 1959 to 2010 in the outer Beibu Gulf(OBG),northern SCS,large seasonal and interannual variation is reported for fish species composition,the proportional abundances of dominant taxa,and fish biomass.Generalized additive models are developed to quantify relationships between fish biomass and the external factors of fishing pressure and climate change.Fishing pressure proved to be the main driver of sharp declines in demersal fish stocks,with high-value species being replaced by low-value ones over time.Abrupt decreases in fish biomass during the years of 1993 and 1998 correspond to El Nino events,with climate change possibly the main driver of proportional representation of pelagic species in fisheries trawl catch.The need to differentiate impacts of fishing and environmental drivers on fish species with different life history strategies is stressed to better understand fish community dynamics.

FVID: Fishing Vessel Type Identification Based on VMS Trajectories

Vessel Monitoring System(VMS) provides a new opportunity for quantified fishing research. Many approaches have been proposed to recognize fishing activities with VMS trajectories based on the types of fishing vessels. However, one research problem is still calling for solutions, how to identify the fishing vessel type based on only VMS trajectories. This problem is important because it requires the fishing vessel type as a preliminary to recognize fishing activities from VMS trajectories. This paper proposes fishing vessel type identification scheme(FVID) based only on VMS trajectories. FVID exploits feature engineering and machine learning schemes of XGBoost as its two key blocks and classifies fishing vessels into nine types. The dataset contains all the fishing vessel trajectories in the East China Sea in March 2017, including 10031 pre-registered fishing vessels and 1350 unregistered vessels of unknown types. In order to verify type identification accuracy, we first conduct a 4-fold cross-validation on the trajectories of registered fishing vessels. The classification accuracy is 95.42%. We then apply FVID to the unregistered fishing vessels to identify their types. After classifying the unregistered fishing vessel types, their fishing activities are further recognized based upon their types. At last, we calculate and compare the fishing density distribution in the East China Sea before and after applying the unregistered fishing vessels, confirming the importance of type identification of unregistered fishing vessels.

Variations of oceanic fronts and their influence on the fishing grounds of Ommastrephes bartramii in the Northwest Pacific

Two predominant currents, the warm Kuroshio Current and the cold Oyashio Current, meet in the North- west Pacific Ocean. The dynamics of physical oceanographic structures in this region, including frontal zones and meandering eddies, result in a highly productive habitat that serves as a favorable feeding ground for various commercially important species. Neon flying squid, Ommastrephes bartramii, is an im- portant oceanic squid, which is widely distributed in the North Pacific Ocean. Based on the catch data col- lected by Chinese squid jigging fleets and relevant environmental data, including sea surface temperature （SST） and fronts （represented by gradients of SST and thermocline） during 1998-2009, the variations of oceanic fronts and their influence on the fishing grounds of O. bartramii were evaluated, and the differ- ences in distribution of fishing grounds of O. bartramii in 2000 and 2002 were compared by describing the differences in vertical temperature between 0-300 m. It was found that the preferred horizontal tem- perature gradient of SST for O. bartramii tended to be centered at 0.01-0.02~C/nm, which attracted nearly 80% of the total fishing effort, and the preferred horizontal temperature gradients at the 50 m and 105 m layers were mainly located at 0.01-0.03~C/nm, which accounted for more than 70% of the total fishing effort during August-October. The preferred vertical temperature gradient within the 0-50 m layer for O. bartramii tended to be centered at 0.15-0.25~C/m during August and September and at 0.10-0.15~C/m in October, implying that the mixed surface layer was distributed at depths of 0-50 m. It was concluded that the vertical temperature gradient was more important than the horizontal temperature gradient in playing a role in forming the fishing ground. The results improved our understanding of the spatial dynamics of the 0. bartramii fishery.

A Model for the Calculation of Velocity Reduction Behind A Plane Fishing Net

A model for the calculation of velocity reduction behind a fishing net is proposed in this paper. Comparisons are made between the calculated results and experimental data. It is shown that by the application of the effective adjacent area coefficient of fluid flowing around a solid structure to the fishing net, the calculated results agree well with the experimental data. The model proposed in this paper can also be applied to the analysis of the velocity reduction within a fishing cage and can be introduced into the numerical simulation of the hydrodynamic behavior of fishing cages for the improvement of computational accuracy.

A Qualitative Appraisal of China’s Efforts in Fishing Capacity Management

This paper provides a critical review of some major efforts made by China to manage the fishing capacity of its marine capture fisheries. It begins by reviewing the key concepts and issues closely related to fishing capacity management. Following on this, a brief introduction to China’s marine capture fisheries is offered, especially the trends of its marine landings and marine fishing fleets and the status of fish stocks in waters under its jurisdiction. Next comes the main concern of the paper, i.e., some major actions recently initiated by China to deal with the overcapacity problem confronting it. The paper ends with conclusions and suggestions.

The impact of spatial scale on local Moran's I clustering of annual fishing effort for Dosidicus gigas offshore Peru

The spatial scale(?shing grid) of ?sheries research af fects the observed spatial patterns of?sheries resources such as catch-per-unit-ef fort(CPUE) and ?shing ef fort. We examined the scale impact of high value(HH) clusters of the annual ?shing ef fort for Dosidicus gigas of fshore Peru from 2009 to 2012.For a multi-scale analysis, the original commercial ?shery data were tessellated to twelve spatial scales from 6′ to 72′ with an interval of 6′. Under these spatial scales, D. gigas clusters were identi?ed using the Anselin Local Moran's I. Statistics including the number of points, mean CPUE, standard deviation(SD),skewness, kurtosis, area and centroid were calculated for these HH clusters. We found that the z-score of global Moran's I and the number of points for HH clusters follow a power law scaling relationship from2009 to 2012. The mean ef fort and its SD also follow a power law scaling relationship from 2009 to 2012.The skewness follows a linear scaling relationship in 2010 and 2011 but ?uctuates with spatial scale in2009 and 2012; kurtosis follows a logarithmic scale relationship in 2009, 2011 and 2012 but a linear scale relationship in 2010. Cluster area follows a power law scaling relationship in 2010 and 2012, a linear scaling relationship in 2009, and a quadratic scaling relationship in 2011. Based on the peaks of Moran's I indices and the multi-scale analysis, we conclude that the optimum scales are 12′ in 2009 ? 2011 and 6′ in 2012, while the coarsest allowable scales are 48′ in 2009, 2010 and 2012, and 60′ in 2011. Our research provides the best spatial scales for conducting spatial analysis of this pelagic species, and provides a better understanding of scaling behavior for the ?shing ef fort of D. gigas in the of fshore Peruvian waters.

Analyses of Trawling Track and Fishing Activity Based on the Data of Vessel Monitoring System(VMS): A Case Study of the Single Otter Trawl Vessels in the Zhoushan Fishing Ground

The original purpose of Vessel Monitoring System(VMS) is for enforcement and control of vessel sailing. With the application of VMS in fishing vessels, more and more population dynamic studies have used VMS data to improve the accuracy of fisheries stock assessment. In this paper, we simulated the trawl trajectory under different time intervals using the cubic Hermite spline(c Hs) interpolation method based on the VMS data of 8 single otter trawl vessels(totally 36000 data items) fishing in Zhoushan fishing ground from September 2012 to December 2012, and selected the appropriate time interval. We then determined vessels' activities(fishing or non-fishing) by comparing VMS speed data with the corresponding speeds from logbooks. The results showed that the error of simulated trajectory greatly increased with the increase of time intervals of VMS data when they were longer than 30 minutes. Comparing the speeds from VMS with those from the corresponding logbooks, we found that the vessels' speeds were between 2.5 kn and 5.0 kn in fishing. The c Hs interpolation method is a new choice for improving the accuracy of estimation of sailing trajectory, and the VMS can be used to determine the vessels' activities with the analysis of their trajectories and speeds. Therefore, when the fishery information is limited, VMS can be one of the important data sources for fisheries stock assessment, and more attention should be paid to its construction and application to fisheries stock assessment and management.

Effects Assessment of Summer Fishing Moratorium in Daya Bay in the Northern South China Sea

In order to assess effects of Summer Fishing Moratorium (SFM) in Daya Bay, variations in stock density, fish diversity, fish species composition, fish body length and weight, and bio-environments during the pre-SFM (May in 2015) and post-SFM (August in 2015) in Daya Bay were analyzed, based on trawl survey data. Results showed that the average stock density in the post-SFM was 5.65 times of that in the pre-SFM, and the average species numbers in the post-SFM was 1.76 times of that in the pre-SFM. Analysis of fish body length and weight indicated that fish grew faster during the SFM, and body weight was more uniform in the post-SFM. In the post-SFM, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index increased by 0.36 and 0.14, respectively, indicating that the fish biodiversity and community structure improved. SFM alleviated fishing intensity, recovered and conserved coastal fish resource. In order to improve efficiency and impacts of SFM and to promote sustainable development of coastal fish resource, prolonging the time of SFM, reducing the number of coastal fishing boats and enforcing the conservation of fish resources were suggested.

Solar Energy for a Traditional Coastal Fishing Platform

In order to introduce clean environment and sustainable energy to traditional coastal fishing community, the objective of this study is to encourage the Indonesian traditional coastal fishing community to use green and renewable energy in their fishing activities. Introducing solar power as the main source of energy for fish-attracting lights and boat propulsion can reduce the use of fossil fuels, and sustain clean and healthy environment. As the world’s largest archipelago, Indonesia accounts for a high percentage of traditional fishing communities spread out along its islands. This fishing communities use various traditional fishing boats, and platforms. The fishing platforms are usually made of bamboo and placed on top of supporting structures on the seabed. Diesel electric generators are used to obtain electricity needed for lighting to attract the fish at night, and as the source of power for lifting the fishing net. The structure and fuel used are neither environmentally friendly nor clean;thus, an innovation is introduced. Traditional fishing practices using a fishing platform were studied, including the common size of the platform and the power needed for the fishing light. Based on the gathered information, this study proposes a catamaran vessel with a special top structure designed for fish lifting outfitting, and equipped with photovoltaic solar cells as the energy source for the fishing lights and vessel propulsion. Through this innovative break through, the vessel can be moved to the shore and will not be a threat to ship navigation and the environment. Furthemore, powered by clean and sustainable energy, the vessel can be directed to the best fishing ground.

Fishing Ground Distribution of Neon Flying Squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) in Relation to Oceanographic Conditions in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

Neon flying squid, Ommastrephes bartramii, is a squid species of the North Pacific Ocean, which plays an important economical role in the international fishery. Logbook data for Chinese squid-jigging fishery over 2004–2011 were used to evaluate the relationship between the fishing grounds of the squid and the convergent frontal areas, which were defined by the contour lines of specific sea surface temperature(SST) and chlorophyll-a(Chl-a) concentration. Our results indicate that the SST in the range of 15 to 19℃ and the Chl-a concentration in the range of 0.1 to 0.4 mg m^(-3) are the favorable conditions for the aggregation of the squid. Additionally, we deduced that the SST at 17.5℃ and the Chl-a concentration at 0.25 mg m^(-3) are the optimal environmental conditions for the aggregation of O. bartramii. In August, the annual CPUE is positively correlated with the proportion of the fishing grounds with favorable SST and Chl-a concentration, as well as the combination of the two variables, implying that the abundance of the squid annually is largely depending on the presence of the favorable environmental conditions for fishery in August. Minor spatial difference between mean latitudinal location of the 17.5℃ SST and 0.25 mg m^(-3) Chl-a fronts can increase the CPUEs of O. bartramii. Furthermore, the monthly latitudinal gravity centers of the CPUE closely followed the mean latitudinal position of the contour lines of the 17.5℃ SST and the 0.25 mg m^(-3) Chl-a concentration. Our findings suggest the convergent oceanographic features(fronts) play significant roles in regulating the distribution and abundance of the western stock of the winter-spring cohort of O. bartramii, which can help people to improve their ability to discover the O. bartramii fishing grounds with higher productivity.

Inferring Behavior of Chinese Krill Fishing Vessel Using a Simple Walk Model

Each type of fishery has its own characteristic behavior, and understanding this condition is an important part of devel- oping and managing fishing operations comprehensively. Based on the random walk model, the relationship between distance and frequency distribution of adjacent fishing positions was analyzed by the Commission for Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) Subareas 48.1, 48.2, and 48.3. The frequency of distances between consecutive hauls demonstrated a heavy- tailed distribution, which could be used to estimate the value of parameter μ in the power function F(l)~ l μ of a random walk model to determine the type of random walk patterns that characterize Chinese krill fishery. Results indicated that the fishing pattern of the Chinese krill fishery is consistent with the Lévy random walk model, with which the step-length is applied to analyze the walking pattern. When a defined walk in a space of dimension is greater than one, the steps made are in isotropic random directions. Fur- thermore, a strong and positive correlation between fishing behavior (using the parameter μ as an indicator) and catch per unit effort of the Chinese krill fishery was observed.

Significant Effects of Fishing Gear Selectivity on Fish Life History

Over the past few decades, extreme changes have occurred in the characters of exploited fish populations. The majority of these changes have affected the growth traits of fish life history, which include a smaller size-at-age, an earlier age-at-maturation and among others. Currently, the causes of these life history traits changes still require systematic analyses and empirical studies. The explanations that have been cited are merely expressed in terms of fish phenotypic adaptation. It has been claimed that the original traits of fish can be recovered once the intensity of exploitation of the fish is controlled. Sustained environmental and fishing pressure will change the life history traits of most fish species, so the fish individual's traits are still in small size-at-age and at earlier age-at-maturation in exploited fish populations. In this paper, we expressed our view of points that fishing gear has imposed selectivity on fish populations and individuals as various other environmental factors have done and such changes are unrecoverable. According to the existing tend of exploited fish individual's life history traits, we suggested further researches in this field and provided better methods of fishery management and thereby fishery resources protection than those available early.

Traditional fishing activities enhance the abundance of selected waterbird species in a wetland in India

Background:Waterbirds are globally declining as a result of habitat loss, alteration or degradation. Fishing activities may affect waterbird distribution, abundance and diversity, and traditional fishing activities often enhance waterbird abundance. We tested this hypothesis by studying the abundance and diversity of selected common waterbird species in the Kadalundi–Vallikkunnu Community Reserve, a globally significant wetland in southwestern India in relation to fishing activities.Methods:We monitored waterbird abundance four times a month from 2012 to 2015 using direct observation method during low tide. Traditional bamboo fish traps were deployed during the first and third weeks of each month. ANOVAs(one-way and multi-way) were used to examine how waterbird counts diversity varied in relation to years, seasons and period of fishing traps. Additionally we conducted a linear regression to examine the relationship between fish occurrence and waterbird counts and diversity.Results:Waterbird counts varied with years and seasons, with the maximum counts being recorded during the postmonsoon(winter). Individual species varied in their responses to trap deployment. Small waterbird species usually forage in shallow shorelines, increased during trap deployment whereas the larger waterbirds were not affected by trap deployment because they tend to hunt in deeper waters. The total fish captured was an important predictor of both waterbird abundance and diversity.Conclusion:In this study we documented a positive association between traditional fish trap deployment and waterbird counts and diversity. Providing high quality habitats for waterbirds as well as effective sustainable livelihoods through traditional fisheries is a critical management issue.

A New model to forecast fishing ground of Scomber japonicus in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea

The pelagic species is closely related to the marine environmental factors, and establishment of forecasting model of fishing ground with high accuracy is an important content for pelagic fishery. The chub mackerel（Scomber japonicus） in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea is an important fishing target for Chinese lighting purse seine fishery. Based on the fishery data from China＇s mainland large-type lighting purse seine fishery for chub mackerel during the period of 2003 to 2010 and the environmental data including sea surface temperature（SST）, gradient of the sea surface temperature（GSST）, sea surface height（SSH） and geostrophic velocity（GV）, we attempt to establish one new forecasting model of fishing ground based on boosted regression trees. In this study, the fishing areas with fishing effort is considered as one fishing ground, and the areas with no fishing ground are randomly selected from a background field, in which the fishing areas have no records in the logbooks. The performance of the forecasting model of fishing ground is evaluated with the testing data from the actual fishing data in 2011. The results show that the forecasting model of fishing ground has a high prediction performance, and the area under receiver operating curve（AUC） attains 0.897. The predicted fishing grounds are coincided with the actual fishing locations in 2011, and the movement route is also the same as the shift of fishing vessels, which indicates that this forecasting model based on the boosted regression trees can be used to effectively forecast the fishing ground of chub mackerel in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea.