Personality Traits and Self Regulation: A Comparative Study among Current, Relapse and Remitted Drug Abuse Patients

Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the relationship among personality traits and self regulation among different drug abuse cases. The three categories of drug abuse were based on phases of addiction namely current, relapse and remitted cases. Method: The sample consisted of 108 drug abusers taken from different rehabilitation centers of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The selected drug abusers were at current (n = 40), relapsed (n = 42) and remission phase (n =2 7) of drug addiction;with an age range of 20 to 70 years. The data were collected from private rehabilitation centers of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. In this study, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised EPQR-Short (Eysenck, Eysenck & Barrett, 1985) was used to measure personality traits of the drug abuse cases. Self Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ) developed by Miller and Brown (1991) was used to measure the self regulatory skills. The data were collected from rehabilitation centers. Before collection of data, formal permission was taken from the administration of these centers. Research protocol included an Ethical Proforma explaining rationale of study, ensuring confidentiality of the information to be used for research purpose only and also had personal consent form. In the first phase, pilot study was conducted to check the reliability of translated scale and availability of sample. A sample of 15 drug abusers was selected for pilot study. In the next step (main study);protocol was administered on current, relapsed and remitted cases through individual administration. For remitted cases, the researcher consulted authorities (administration head, and medical doctors) of centers and administered protocol on the days when these participants came for follow-up session. Results: The results of the study indicate strong correlation between self regulation and personality traits (r = 0.27**). Furthermore, most of the participants scored higher on Psychoticism (100%), Introversion (75%) while Neuroticism (58%) trait was found less among drug abuse cases. The study also indicates strong correlation between self regulation and Extraversion-Introversion personality trait (r = 0.20**) while other traits did not have significant correlations with self regulation. Furthermore, the descriptive frequencies reveal that most of the participants scored higher on Psychoticism (100%), Introversion (75%) while Neuroticism (58%) trait was found less among drug abuse cases. Conclusion: From the above mentioned findings, it is concluded that self regulation is associated with personality traits among drug abusers. The comparisons of personality traits and self regulatory skills among the different phases of addiction provide an insight into how these traits interact with self control to regulate impulsive and addictive behaviors.

Personality factors and self-perceived health in Chi-lean elderly population

Empirical evidence suggests that the stability of personality itself contributes to successful ageing and is associated with longer life. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between personality traits and the self-perceived health status, stratified by medical conditions in a representative sample of non-institutionalized elderly people in Chile. The data used for this study come from the fourth waves (2009) of the Chilean Social Protection Survey (SPS-2009). Included were a total of 2655 subjects aged 65 and over. The results showed that higher scores of all five personality factors were associated with good health. Those with the perception of poor health were more likely to be female, with lower education level and older than those with good health. With the exception of agreeableness, strong and significant associations with self-perceived health were demonstrated for extraversion, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness, among elderly with medical conditions. Among elderly without medical problems, significant associations with self-perceived health were demonstrated only for extraversion, agreeableness and emotional stability. This study has shown that there is a consistent association between personality factors and self-perceived health throughout the older population. Our results suggest that extraversion and openness traits could be acting as “protector” factors and agreeableness and conscientiousness traits as “resilient” factors, facing to the health problems among elderly people.

An Inquiry Into the Concept of the African Personality (Person) as a Social-Self

It is a fact of history that the African continent had experienced enslavement and colonialism which,unfortunately,led to the uprootedness of the being of the African.Consequently,one of the great tasks which faced the post-independent African was to come to terms with his selfhood,to construct the truth of his world.This largely helped in forming both the personal identity and the narrative identity of the African personality.This paper critically inquires into how this narrative identity that issued forth from the quest for the establishment of his being or selfhood(or individuality)helps in defining the collective identity of the African as a social being or self.One crucial question before this paper is whether the self loses his selfhood as an African in the collectivity or communalism of the African culture(way of life)together with his freedom and autonomy(of the individual),which are the essential and transcendental qualities of man.Through critical analytic and hermeneutic methods,this paper found out that the African metaphysics of reality or worldview almost sacrifices the freedom and autonomy of the self(as an individual)at the altar of the community,which constitutes its greatest pitfall.Thus,it is a considered conclusion of this paper that the concept of African personality(person or identity)as a social-self appears to ignore certain values that are clearly cherished by individuals practically in all cultures.

The effects of self-value on personality

Absractive:This article try to illustrate the re lationship of self-value and person ality by paraphrasing these two concepts,and deduce the effects of self-value to personalit y from this.This article also point out the questions how to direct and help university students to set proper s elf-value and then modle healthy personality.It bring forward supposition of the r esolvement of the questions.On the b ase of the demonstrative research we carry out a validative research.

An Analysis of Personal Factors that Determine Carrie's Self ——Actualization in Sister Carrie

In Dreiser's novel Sister Carrie, the heroine Carrie's self-actualizing natures are reflected in her self-actualization effort. Those natures include the acceptance of reality and potential to be actress, etc., which play the crucial role of her star journey and self-actualizing effort. Therefore, every woman should have the spiritual spirit; and, at the same time, pursue nobler spiritual life.

基于元学习个性化推荐研究综述

推荐系统作为缓解“信息过载”的工具,为用户过滤冗余信息并提供个性化服务,近年来得到了广泛应用。然而,实际推荐场景中,通常存在冷启动与不同推荐算法难以根据实际环境自适应选择等问题。元学习因其具有基于少量训练样本快速学会新知识和技能的优点,被越来越多地应用于推荐系统相关研究中。对现有基于元学习技术缓解推荐系统冷启动问题以及自适应推荐问题的主要研究进行探讨。首先,分析了基于元学习推荐在上述2个方面已取得的相关研究进展;然后,指出了现有元学习推荐研究存在难以适应复杂任务分布、计算代价高和容易陷入局部最优等问题;最后,对元学习在推荐系统领域的一些最新研究方向进行了展望。

个人信息的内生安全机制及其实现

个人信息处理的技术性、隐蔽性,使自上而下的“命令式”监管范式失效。数字时代,个人信息治理的重点是防止个人信息处理者滥用数据权力威胁国家安全、盘剥和操控个体。为有效控制数据权力这一风险源,国家应当督促个人信息处理者建立健全涵盖制度保障、组织程序保障的个人信息内生安全机制。通过监管激活个人信息处理者内部的自我规制机制,增强其内部的组织控制和行为规范化程度,消减个人信息处理的负外部性,实现个人信息处理的正和博弈。通过监管督促个人信息处理者强化内部治理机制,严格落实个人信息保护影响评估制度,遵从“三同步”要求将个人信息保护法规定的各项义务嵌入产品“代码”中,防控个人信息处理过程中妨害个人自主性、减损人格尊严的风险。

个人信息数据财产化及其确权授权模式构建

个人信息数据确权授权若适用传统人格标识财产化模式,要么导致基础权益错配,要么造成流转效用受阻。通过对财产价值溯源可以发现,个人信息存在原始数据、数据集合、衍生数据三种形态。原始数据非对人“有用的财物”,不构成财产权客体,但因其是个人信息的比特化表达,所以在数字空间中,个人信息权需以其为行权媒介;而数据集合与衍生数据则是数据财产权客体。数据三形态厘清了个人信息权、个人信息数据使用权及数据财产权的差序格局。个人信息数据的商业利用以个人信息权为基础,基于人格自决形成以信息主体同意为路径的许可机制。同意为准法律行为,许可生成低自由度的个人信息数据使用权,该权区别于处理者的数据财产权,需引入告知允诺之债和法定信义义务,以保护信息主体在同意许可中的信赖。

自由自适:论孟浩然的交游诗

孟浩然是盛唐著名的山水田园诗人,一生来去城市与山水之间,虽未显达,但声名大振。他受到同时代人追捧的部分原因在于他自由的个性,而这种独特的个性又在他的诗歌书写中展露无遗。“交游诗”是孟浩然诗集中重要的题材内容,可以从他“交游诗”呈现的“自由之惑”、“自由之问”与“自由之适”,来探求他这种个性的显现。要之,孟浩然的诗歌书写时刻关注自身当下的感受,不假矫饰,更不在意奔走京城和隐居襄阳前后期的行为与意图是否一致。实际上,他的交游书写一直有着“自由之惑”和“自由之问”,但最终在心理上臻于“自由之适”的境界。同时,他的这种个性与诗风影响深远。

人格特质影响高职大学生创业自我效能感的机制——一个有调节的中介模型

采用多元回归分析法构建有调节的中介模型,探索了高职大学生人格特质对其创业自我效能感的影响及其影响机制。结果表明:不同人格特质的高职大学生的创业自我效能感水平有显著差异;自我效能感在人格特质和创业自我效能感之间发挥部分中介作用;创业环境感知在自我效能感与创业自我效能感之间发挥调节作用,而在人格特质与创业自我效能感之间没有调节作用。高职院校在开展创新创业教育时,应区分学生的不同人格特质,采用与之相匹配的创新创业教育,以取得较好的教育效果;应加强高职大学生的自信教育,增强学生的自我效能感,以提高学生的创业自我效能感;应加强高职大学生创业环境感知教育,让学生充分了解创业环境条件,提高创业自我效能感。

IMB模型框架下小组个性化干预对PE患者自护能力、血压控制的影响

目的:探究IMB模型框架下小组个性化干预对子痫前期(PE)患者自护能力、血压控制的影响。方法:随机数字表法将2021年3月-2023年2月本院就诊的PE患者200例分为观察组与对照组各100例,两组均予以常规护理干预,观察组同时予以信息-动机-行为技巧(IMB)模型框架下小组个性化护理干预,均干预至妊娠分娩。比较两组自护能力[自我护理能力测定量表(ESCA)评分]、负性心理[焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分]、治疗依从性、血压控制情况及分娩结局。结果:干预后观察组ESCA各维度评分均高于对照组,SDS(42.55±4.28分)、SAS(43.39±4.21分)评分均低于对照组(48.36±4.33分、47.57±4.36分),治疗依从性(94.0%)高于对照组(83.0%),收缩压及舒张压(127.6±7.5 mmHg、93.5±4.3 mmHg)低于对照组(142.5±8.4mmHg、104.6±5.5 mmHg),不良分娩结局低于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论:对PE患者实施IMB模型框架下小组个性化干预可提高患者的自护能力与治疗依从性,减轻负性心理,有利于血压控制及改善妊娠结局,提高了护理效果。

新生代农民工职业适应能力的影响机制研究——自我职业管理的中介作用

社会职业呈现出多变化和无边界化的特征,对新生代农民工的职业适应能力提出了更高要求和挑战。基于职业建构理论,构建了新生代农民工的主动性人格和自我职业管理与其职业适应能力的关系模型。通过采用问卷调查研究方法,运用结构方程分析法对332份新生代农民工的样本数据进行了分析。研究结果表明新生代农民工的主动性人格和自我职业管理对其职业适应能力具有积极的影响作用,自我职业管理部分中介了主动性人格对职业适应能力的正向影响效应。研究认为应培养新生代农民工的主动性人格,加强对新生代农民工自我职业管理的培训与教育,强化新生代农民工的自我职业管理意识和行为,从而提升新生代农民工的职业适应能力,以促进他们的充分就业和职业发展。

融合多个性化桥和自监督学习的跨域推荐算法

针对跨域推荐系统中目标域中项目交互较少的用户,提出一种融合多个性化桥和自监督学习的跨域推荐算法(MS-PTUPCDR)。首先,在目标域加入变分二部图编码器,使用变分推理框架生成潜在变量,目标域用户表示聚合其同构邻居信息。其次,将用户单一偏好桥扩展为用户多个性化偏好桥,将用户在多源域可转移的用户因子转移到目标域,在目标域加入多头注意力机制融合分别来自不同源域转换的用户潜在因子作为自监督学习的辅助任务。最后,在目标域中将聚合用户邻居因子和融合后的用户多源域转移用户因子进行自监督学习。在目标域通过用户自监督学习后的用户因子和目标域项目因子点积进行目标域项目评分预测。算法在Amazon和MovieLens两个数据集上进行实验,结果表明算法在MAE和RMSE两个评价指标上优于对比基线算法,在两个数据集上与最优对比基线算法相比,MAE平均提升1.96%,RMSE平均提升1.92%,验证了算法的有效性。

青少年及成年早期精神障碍患者非自杀性自伤功能与成瘾特征和神经质人格的关系

目的:探究青少年及成年早期精神障碍患者的非自杀性自伤(NSSI)功能与NSSI成瘾特征和神经质人格之间的关系。方法:选取符合疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类第十次修订本(ICD-10)中抑郁障碍、双相障碍、进食障碍诊断标准且既往发生过NSSI行为的305例16~25岁住院患者,使用渥太华自我伤害调查表中功能学分量表和成瘾分量表分别评估患者NSSI功能及NSSI成瘾特征,使用中国大五人格问卷简版评估患者神经质人格。结果:患者中NSSI功能得分、NSSI成瘾得分、神经质人格得分两两之间呈中度正相关(r=0.32~0.53,P<0.001)。神经质对NSSI功能和NSSI成瘾得分的关系具有调节效应(高神经质β=0.60,P<0.001,中神经质β=0.49,P<0.001,低神经质β=0.37,P<0.001)。NSSI功能在神经质和NSSI成瘾得分之间有部分中介效应(β=0.15,P<0.001),中介效应占总效应的49.4%。结论:青少年及成年早期精神障碍NSSI患者的神经质人格越显著,其NSSI功能得分与NSSI成瘾得分的相关性越强,神经质人格可能通过影响NSSI功能来间接影响NSSI成瘾特征。

工作不安全感对主动个人-环境匹配行为的影响及作用机制研究

基于资源保存理论和自我调节理论的整合视角,通过一个两阶段的656份在职员工问卷数据,分析了工作不安全感对主动个人-环境匹配行为的影响及作用机制。研究结果表明:工作不安全感正向影响员工的3类主动个人-环境匹配行为(主动寻求反馈、工作变更协商和职业主动行为)。在这一过程中,借鉴自我调节理论中不同的自我概念参考值,证明了印象管理动机和未来工作自我清晰度中介了工作不安全感与3类主动个人-环境匹配行为之间的关系,且两条中介路径在个体防御型调节焦点和促进型调节焦点下得到不同程度地加强。

人机协同学习:实践逻辑与典型模式

随着教育数字化转型的推进和生成式人工智能技术的发展,人机协同学习成为未来学习的新常态。人机协同学习主要通过学生和机器的分工和有机协同提升学习的效率和效能,促进学生智慧和机器智能的共同增长,实现人机协同的教育智慧创生,完成超越人类智慧和机器智能的复杂任务,促进学生的知识建构、认知发展、思维提升和智慧养成。人机协同学习需要以学习者的智慧增长为核心,重视人和机器之间的博弈与平衡,强化人机角色的辨识与动态调整,加强人与机器自主度的灵活转换。本研究围绕面向知识掌握的“干预—自主”式学习、面向知识建构的“协作—探究”式学习、面向知识创造的“对话—协商”式学习,提出人机协同学习的典型模式,勾勒了人机协同学习的实践样态。未来人机协同学习需要优化智能学习干预的模式与策略,提高学生的自主意识,加强人机协同学习模式的探索,探究人机协同学习的发生机制,以支撑和引领智能时代学习模式的创新发展。

隐私何以让渡:量化自我与私人数据的日常实践

随着“量化自我”的兴起,让渡隐私成为与自我监测伴生的显著问题,呈现出功能性的悖论。立足于此,对该群体的质性研究发现:受数字化生存惯习的影响,量化自我群体的隐私感经历着技术社会的“脱敏”,让渡数据变得习以为常;而在使用过程中,量化自我从多样的情境中形成让渡有益的行为理念,从而将数据监控化用为自我跟踪;最终,隐私关注与授权超越了“是否构成/侵犯隐私”的规制界定,以“如何私密”的实践策略反映出对私人数据的选择和管理。鉴于此,理解数字社会的隐私让渡需要从侵权范式回到“隐私与关系”之中,在动态的实践视角下探寻平衡之道。

个人健康信息管理视角下社群性量化自我参与对健康行为改变的影响研究

[研究目的]从PHIM视角下揭示社群性量化自我参与对健康行为改变的影响机理并尝试设计数据呈现方式来探索其影响效应,以便更好地指导群体性健康管理的实施。[研究方法]结合被试招募及对照实验,通过ANCOVA和回归分析尝试探索并验证社群性量化自我参与对个人健康行为改变的影响机理,且进一步分析不同数据呈现方式的影响。[研究结论]相比于仅获取量化自我时间的参与者(M=2.567,SD=0.891),可以完整了解个人和他人量化自我数据结果的参与者其健康行为改变意愿更高(M=5.322,SD=0.903);差异洞察具有中介作用(c’=0.306,P1=0.000<0.01;b=0.148,P=0.026<0.05),即社群性情景可以触发参与者的差异洞察,进而使得其健康行为改变意愿更明显;社会比较具有调节作用(T=6.209,P=0.000<0.001),即当数据呈现中包含社会性比较时,参与者的差异洞察和健康行为改变意愿更强烈。该研究在一定程度上丰富了量化自我的理论研究,同时对于从社群性视角指导公众实施个人健康信息管理具有一定参考价值。