In this case study,we analyzed the wound-healing process of a patient with a chronic wound who underwent fire needle treatment,and we tracked the coverage of granulation tissue and decrease of slough and exudate.An 85...In this case study,we analyzed the wound-healing process of a patient with a chronic wound who underwent fire needle treatment,and we tracked the coverage of granulation tissue and decrease of slough and exudate.An 85-year-old man had repeated right shoulder and back pain,itching,and skin festering for more than 1.5 years.A fire needle was administered combined with moist dressing once every 5 days to promote wound healing.After six rounds of fire needle treatment,granulation tissue formed over the surface of the wound base,the depth of the wound had become shallow,and the wound area was reduced.No complications occurred during the intervention.Fire needle therapy combined with a moist wound-healing dressing can be an effective alternative approach in managing chronic wounds.展开更多
Among the various congenital anomalies of the biliary system,an ectopic opening of the common bile duct (CBD) in the duodenal bulb is extremely rare. ERCP is essential for diagnosing the anomaly. A 55-year-old male wa...Among the various congenital anomalies of the biliary system,an ectopic opening of the common bile duct (CBD) in the duodenal bulb is extremely rare. ERCP is essential for diagnosing the anomaly. A 55-year-old male was admitted to hospital for severe right upper quadrant abdominal pain,followed by fever, chills, elevated body temperature and mild icterus. The diagnosis of ectopic opening of CBD in the duodenal bulb was established on endoscopic ultraso-nography (EUS),which clearly demonstrated dilated CBD, with multiple stones and air in the lumen, draining into the bulb. A normal pancreatic duct, which did not drain into the bulb, was also observed. This finding was confirmed on ERCP and surgery.As far as we know, this is the first case of this anomaly diagnosed by EUS. Ectopic opening of the CBD in the duodenal bulb is not an incidental finding, but a pathologic condition which can be associated with clinical entities such as recurrent or intractable duodenal ulcer, recurrent biliary pain,choledocholithiasis or acute cholangitis. Endoscopic ultrasonography features allow preoperative diagnosis of this anomaly and can replace ERCP as a first diagnostic tool in such clinical circumstances. Embryology of the anomalies of the extrahepatic biliary tree has been also reviewed.展开更多
Percutaneous endoscopic colostomy （PEC） is increasingly proposed as an alternative to surgery to treat various disorders, including acute colonic pseudo-obstruction, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction and relapsi...Percutaneous endoscopic colostomy （PEC） is increasingly proposed as an alternative to surgery to treat various disorders, including acute colonic pseudo-obstruction, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction and relapsing sigmoid volvulus. We report on a severe complication that occurred two months after PEC placement. A 74-year-old man with a history of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction evolving since 8 years was readmitted to our hospital and received PEC to provide long-standing relief. The procedure was uneventful and greatly improved the patient＇s quality of life. Two months later, the patient developed acute stercoral peritonitis. At laparotomy, the colostomy flange was embedded in the abdominal wall but no pressure necrosis was found at the level of the colonic wall. This complication was likely related to inadvertent traction of the colostomy tube. Subtotal colectomy with terminal ileostomy was performed. We review the major features of 60 cases of PEC reported to date, including indications and complications.展开更多
AIM： To study the natural history and prevalence of heartburn at a 10-year interval, and to study the effect of heartburn on various symptoms and activities. METHODS： A population-based postal study was carried out....AIM： To study the natural history and prevalence of heartburn at a 10-year interval, and to study the effect of heartburn on various symptoms and activities. METHODS： A population-based postal study was carried out. Questionnaires were mailed to the same age- and gender-stratified random sample of the Icelandic population （aged 18-75 years） in 1996 and again in 2006. Subjects were classified with heartburn if they reported heartburn in the preceding year and/or week, based on the definition of heartburn. RESULTS： Heartburn in the preceding year was reported in 42.8% （1996） and 44.2% （2006） of subjects, with a strong relationship between those who experienced heartburn in both years. Heartburn in the precedingweek was diagnosed in 20.8%. There was a significant relationship between heartburn, dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome. IndMduals with a body mass index （BMI） below or higher than normal weight were more likely to have heartburn. Heartburn caused by food or beverages was reported very often by 20.0% of subjects. CONCLUSION： Heartburn is a common and chronic condition. Subjects with a BMI below or higher than normal weight are more likely to experience heartburn. Heartburn has a great impact on daily activities, sleep and quality of life.展开更多
Jejunostomy feeding tubes provide surgeons with an excellent method for providing nutritional support, but there are several complications associated with a tube jejunostomy, including complications resulting from pla...Jejunostomy feeding tubes provide surgeons with an excellent method for providing nutritional support, but there are several complications associated with a tube jejunostomy, including complications resulting from placement of the tube, mechanical problems related to the location or function and development of focally thickened small-bowel folds. A 76-year old man who presented with multiple medical diseases was admitted to our hospital due to aspiration pneumonia with acute respiratory failure and septic shock. He underwent exploratory laparotomy with feeding jejunostomy using a 14-French nasogastric tube for nutritional support. However, occlusion of the feeding tube was found 30 d after operation, and a rare complication of knot formation in the tube occurred after a new tube was replaced. On the following day, the tube was removed and replaced with a similar tube, which was placed into the jejunum for only 15 cm. The patient's feedings were maintained smoothly for two months. Knot formation in the feeding tube seems to be very rare. To our knowledge, this is the third case in the literature review. Its incidence is probably related to the length of the tube inserted into the lumen.展开更多
Gingival adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy. We describe the diagnosis and treatment of a 43 year- old woman who presented with a persistent oral ulcer for approximately 1 year, and subsequent pain in...Gingival adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy. We describe the diagnosis and treatment of a 43 year- old woman who presented with a persistent oral ulcer for approximately 1 year, and subsequent pain in the left posterior maxillary region. Clinical examination revealed an ulcer in the left upper molar gingiva, with swelling in the region from the second premolar to the third molar. X-ray images demonstrated the involvement of the maxillary alveolar bone. The histopathological and immunohistochemical features were diagnostic of ACC. ACC is often presented as a gingival lesion; thus, it may easily be neglected by patients. The identification of this tumor using specific pathological analyses prevents misdiagnosis and enables clinicians to determine the appropriate treatment. In this case, no recurrence or distant metastasis was observed after 2 years of follow-up.展开更多
Outpatient percutaneous liver biopsy is a common practice in the differential diagnosis and treatment of chronic liver disease. The major complication and mortality rate were about 2-4% and 0.01-0.33% respectively. Ar...Outpatient percutaneous liver biopsy is a common practice in the differential diagnosis and treatment of chronic liver disease. The major complication and mortality rate were about 2-4% and 0.01-0.33% respectively. Arterio-portal fistula as a complication of percutaneous liver biopsy was infrequently seen and normally asymptomatic. Hemobilia, which accounted for about 3% of overall major percutaneous liver biopsy complications, resulted rarely from arterio-portal fistula We report a hemobilia case of 68 years old woman who was admitted for abdominal pain after liver biopsy. The initial ultrasonography revealed a gallbladder polypoid tumor and common bile duct (CBD) dilatation. Blood clot was extracted as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) showed hemobilia. The patient was shortly readmitted because of recurrence of symptoms. A celiac angiography showed an intrahepatic arterio-portal fistula. After superselective embolization of the feeding artery, the patient was discharged uneventfully. Most cases of hemobilia caused by percutaneous liver biopsy resolved spontaneously. Selective angiography embolization or surgical intervention is reserved for patients who failed to respond to conservative treatment.展开更多
Pedestrians intercepted near the exits of a subway station in downtown Hong Kong were surveyed using a questionnaire and quota sampling in October 2012. The survey sampled 408 residents and tourists aged 16 and above....Pedestrians intercepted near the exits of a subway station in downtown Hong Kong were surveyed using a questionnaire and quota sampling in October 2012. The survey sampled 408 residents and tourists aged 16 and above. The awareness of the 16 ads. ranged from 18 to 80 percent with an average 43.5 percent. The layouts of the two subway ads. received highest awareness were focused and had a clear distinction between foreground and background. Average ad awareness was comparable to that reported in two similar studies of subway ads. conducted in the 1990s. Average ad awareness of subway ads. was higher than that of outdoor advertising measured using similar methodology in 2010s. Respondents demonstrated positive attitudes toward subway advertising, and reported that subway ads. that drew their attention were those with creative ideas, vivid colors, and large-than-life size execution.展开更多
This paper presents an ex-ante assessment of the potential implications of the 2011 Human Rights Watch Report on the South African fruit industry. The report explicitly mentions the lack of compliance with ethical cod...This paper presents an ex-ante assessment of the potential implications of the 2011 Human Rights Watch Report on the South African fruit industry. The report explicitly mentions the lack of compliance with ethical codes within the fruit industry, the prevalence of exploitative conditions for farm workers and diverse human rights abuses in farms. The report recommends import ban on culprits as well as engaging third party auditing to ensure compliance. The high vulnerability of the smallholder farmers justified the special interest in the implications on their reputation and hence their ability to access profitable export markets. Although large-scale commercial farmers are potentially at risk of reputational damage due to the Human Rights Watch Report, they are better able to cope owing to their stronger capital base. The opinions of knowledgeable industry insiders were therefore elicited through qualitative research that used a five-point Likert scale to assess perceptions about market access. On the basis of the results, it is probable that the report will lead to improved working conditions for farm workers, improved concern for consumers＇ health, and enforcement of legislation by the govemment. The negative implications involve increased competition, possibility of retailers＇ rationalising their supply base and increased evaluation that ends at the farm gate. There is also high probability of increased marginalisation of the already disadvantaged smallholder suppliers, and possible increase in costs of auditing and accreditation for the entire fruit industry. Thus, active collaboration among all stakeholders to ensure the competitiveness of the fruit industry is inevitable.展开更多
Soft drinks have many potential health problems.The inherent acids and sugars have both acidogenic and cariogenic potential,resulting in dental caries and potential enamel erosion.In this report we present a 25-year-o...Soft drinks have many potential health problems.The inherent acids and sugars have both acidogenic and cariogenic potential,resulting in dental caries and potential enamel erosion.In this report we present a 25-year-old man complaining with the severe worn-out of the front teeth during the past 3 years.He had a history of drinking cola for more than 7 years and had a poor oral hygiene.Severe decays were present in the incisors and the canines,while less severe lesions were noted on the premolars and the molars.The review is to show the relationship between dental erosion and caries and soft drinks.Some efforts have been taken to reduce the harmful effect of soft drinks.展开更多
The third UN World Congress on Disaster Risk Reduction, held in Sendai, Japan in March 2015, agreed on a new framework to guide disaster risk reduction policy and practice for the next 15 years. The Sendai Framework f...The third UN World Congress on Disaster Risk Reduction, held in Sendai, Japan in March 2015, agreed on a new framework to guide disaster risk reduction policy and practice for the next 15 years. The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(SFDRR) leaves important implementation issues unspecified and potentially creates both problems and opportunities for complex,multilevel governance systems in coping with hazards and disastrous events. Early warning systems(EWS), if built into the mainstream of planning for development and disaster relief and recovery, could present a significant opportunity to realize many SFDRR goals. We explore the complexities of using hydrometeorological EWS to prepare for drought and flood disasters in the densely populated communities of Pakistan’s Indus River Basin in contrast to the African Sahel’s less densely settled grasslands. Multilevel governance systems are often dominated by a topdown, technocentric, centralized management bias and have great difficulty responding to the needs of peripheral and vulnerable populations. People-centered, bottom-up approaches that incorporate disaggregated communities with local knowledge into a balanced, multilevel disaster risk management and governance structure have adramatically better chance of realizing the SFDRR goals for disaster risk reduction.展开更多
The intermediate heat exchanger for enhancement heat transfer is the important equipment in the usage of nuclear energy. In the present work, heat transfer and entropy generation of an intermediate heat exchanger(IHX)...The intermediate heat exchanger for enhancement heat transfer is the important equipment in the usage of nuclear energy. In the present work, heat transfer and entropy generation of an intermediate heat exchanger(IHX) in the accelerator driven subcritical system(ADS) are investigated experimentally. The variation of entropy generation number with performance parameters of the IHX is analyzed, and effects of inlet conditions of the IHX on entropy generation number and heat transfer are discussed. Compared with the results at two working conditions of the constant mass flow rates of liquid lead-bismuth eutectic(LBE) and helium gas, the total pumping power all tends to reduce with the decreasing entropy generation number, but the variations of the effectiveness, number of transfer units and thermal capacity rate ratio are inconsistent, and need to analyze respectively. With the increasing inlet mass flow rate or LBE inlet temperature, the entropy generation number increases and the heat transfer is enhanced, while the opposite trend occurs with the increasing helium gas inlet temperature. The further study is necessary for obtaining the optimized operation parameters of the IHX to minimize entropy generation and enhance heat transfer.展开更多
We reported a 30 years old man who suffered a bite wound of the right hand in a fight. Two days after the injury, he was admitted in emergency because of stab wound above the head of the third metacarpal bone. He pres...We reported a 30 years old man who suffered a bite wound of the right hand in a fight. Two days after the injury, he was admitted in emergency because of stab wound above the head of the third metacarpal bone. He presented the swelling, redness, pain and fever. Primary revision confirmed only partial lesion of the extensor apparatus. During the following days, we recorded a deterioration of local findings and magnetic resonance imaging revealed osteomyelitis and septic arthritis of the third metacarpophalangeal joint. The wound was then revised several times using negative pressure wound therapy in combination with intravenous antibiotics. After resolution of clinical and laboratory findings, the wound was finally closed by delayed primary suture. Clenched fist injury is a medical emergency that requires immediate surgical revision. We treated clenched fist injury with the development of septic arthritis and osteo- myelitis with negative pressure wound therapy and obtained good outcomes.展开更多
基金This research was funded by grants from The First Affiliated Hospital Project of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine(No.2017HL01)
文摘In this case study,we analyzed the wound-healing process of a patient with a chronic wound who underwent fire needle treatment,and we tracked the coverage of granulation tissue and decrease of slough and exudate.An 85-year-old man had repeated right shoulder and back pain,itching,and skin festering for more than 1.5 years.A fire needle was administered combined with moist dressing once every 5 days to promote wound healing.After six rounds of fire needle treatment,granulation tissue formed over the surface of the wound base,the depth of the wound had become shallow,and the wound area was reduced.No complications occurred during the intervention.Fire needle therapy combined with a moist wound-healing dressing can be an effective alternative approach in managing chronic wounds.
文摘Among the various congenital anomalies of the biliary system,an ectopic opening of the common bile duct (CBD) in the duodenal bulb is extremely rare. ERCP is essential for diagnosing the anomaly. A 55-year-old male was admitted to hospital for severe right upper quadrant abdominal pain,followed by fever, chills, elevated body temperature and mild icterus. The diagnosis of ectopic opening of CBD in the duodenal bulb was established on endoscopic ultraso-nography (EUS),which clearly demonstrated dilated CBD, with multiple stones and air in the lumen, draining into the bulb. A normal pancreatic duct, which did not drain into the bulb, was also observed. This finding was confirmed on ERCP and surgery.As far as we know, this is the first case of this anomaly diagnosed by EUS. Ectopic opening of the CBD in the duodenal bulb is not an incidental finding, but a pathologic condition which can be associated with clinical entities such as recurrent or intractable duodenal ulcer, recurrent biliary pain,choledocholithiasis or acute cholangitis. Endoscopic ultrasonography features allow preoperative diagnosis of this anomaly and can replace ERCP as a first diagnostic tool in such clinical circumstances. Embryology of the anomalies of the extrahepatic biliary tree has been also reviewed.
文摘Percutaneous endoscopic colostomy （PEC） is increasingly proposed as an alternative to surgery to treat various disorders, including acute colonic pseudo-obstruction, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction and relapsing sigmoid volvulus. We report on a severe complication that occurred two months after PEC placement. A 74-year-old man with a history of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction evolving since 8 years was readmitted to our hospital and received PEC to provide long-standing relief. The procedure was uneventful and greatly improved the patient＇s quality of life. Two months later, the patient developed acute stercoral peritonitis. At laparotomy, the colostomy flange was embedded in the abdominal wall but no pressure necrosis was found at the level of the colonic wall. This complication was likely related to inadvertent traction of the colostomy tube. Subtotal colectomy with terminal ileostomy was performed. We review the major features of 60 cases of PEC reported to date, including indications and complications.
基金Supported by (in part) The Medical Research Fund of the National Hospital of Icelandthe Medical Research Fund of Wyeth,Iceland+2 种基金AstraZeneca,IcelandGlaxoSmithKline,Icelandand the Icelandic College of Family Physicians
文摘AIM： To study the natural history and prevalence of heartburn at a 10-year interval, and to study the effect of heartburn on various symptoms and activities. METHODS： A population-based postal study was carried out. Questionnaires were mailed to the same age- and gender-stratified random sample of the Icelandic population （aged 18-75 years） in 1996 and again in 2006. Subjects were classified with heartburn if they reported heartburn in the preceding year and/or week, based on the definition of heartburn. RESULTS： Heartburn in the preceding year was reported in 42.8% （1996） and 44.2% （2006） of subjects, with a strong relationship between those who experienced heartburn in both years. Heartburn in the precedingweek was diagnosed in 20.8%. There was a significant relationship between heartburn, dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome. IndMduals with a body mass index （BMI） below or higher than normal weight were more likely to have heartburn. Heartburn caused by food or beverages was reported very often by 20.0% of subjects. CONCLUSION： Heartburn is a common and chronic condition. Subjects with a BMI below or higher than normal weight are more likely to experience heartburn. Heartburn has a great impact on daily activities, sleep and quality of life.
文摘Jejunostomy feeding tubes provide surgeons with an excellent method for providing nutritional support, but there are several complications associated with a tube jejunostomy, including complications resulting from placement of the tube, mechanical problems related to the location or function and development of focally thickened small-bowel folds. A 76-year old man who presented with multiple medical diseases was admitted to our hospital due to aspiration pneumonia with acute respiratory failure and septic shock. He underwent exploratory laparotomy with feeding jejunostomy using a 14-French nasogastric tube for nutritional support. However, occlusion of the feeding tube was found 30 d after operation, and a rare complication of knot formation in the tube occurred after a new tube was replaced. On the following day, the tube was removed and replaced with a similar tube, which was placed into the jejunum for only 15 cm. The patient's feedings were maintained smoothly for two months. Knot formation in the feeding tube seems to be very rare. To our knowledge, this is the third case in the literature review. Its incidence is probably related to the length of the tube inserted into the lumen.
文摘Gingival adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy. We describe the diagnosis and treatment of a 43 year- old woman who presented with a persistent oral ulcer for approximately 1 year, and subsequent pain in the left posterior maxillary region. Clinical examination revealed an ulcer in the left upper molar gingiva, with swelling in the region from the second premolar to the third molar. X-ray images demonstrated the involvement of the maxillary alveolar bone. The histopathological and immunohistochemical features were diagnostic of ACC. ACC is often presented as a gingival lesion; thus, it may easily be neglected by patients. The identification of this tumor using specific pathological analyses prevents misdiagnosis and enables clinicians to determine the appropriate treatment. In this case, no recurrence or distant metastasis was observed after 2 years of follow-up.
文摘Outpatient percutaneous liver biopsy is a common practice in the differential diagnosis and treatment of chronic liver disease. The major complication and mortality rate were about 2-4% and 0.01-0.33% respectively. Arterio-portal fistula as a complication of percutaneous liver biopsy was infrequently seen and normally asymptomatic. Hemobilia, which accounted for about 3% of overall major percutaneous liver biopsy complications, resulted rarely from arterio-portal fistula We report a hemobilia case of 68 years old woman who was admitted for abdominal pain after liver biopsy. The initial ultrasonography revealed a gallbladder polypoid tumor and common bile duct (CBD) dilatation. Blood clot was extracted as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) showed hemobilia. The patient was shortly readmitted because of recurrence of symptoms. A celiac angiography showed an intrahepatic arterio-portal fistula. After superselective embolization of the feeding artery, the patient was discharged uneventfully. Most cases of hemobilia caused by percutaneous liver biopsy resolved spontaneously. Selective angiography embolization or surgical intervention is reserved for patients who failed to respond to conservative treatment.
文摘Pedestrians intercepted near the exits of a subway station in downtown Hong Kong were surveyed using a questionnaire and quota sampling in October 2012. The survey sampled 408 residents and tourists aged 16 and above. The awareness of the 16 ads. ranged from 18 to 80 percent with an average 43.5 percent. The layouts of the two subway ads. received highest awareness were focused and had a clear distinction between foreground and background. Average ad awareness was comparable to that reported in two similar studies of subway ads. conducted in the 1990s. Average ad awareness of subway ads. was higher than that of outdoor advertising measured using similar methodology in 2010s. Respondents demonstrated positive attitudes toward subway advertising, and reported that subway ads. that drew their attention were those with creative ideas, vivid colors, and large-than-life size execution.
文摘This paper presents an ex-ante assessment of the potential implications of the 2011 Human Rights Watch Report on the South African fruit industry. The report explicitly mentions the lack of compliance with ethical codes within the fruit industry, the prevalence of exploitative conditions for farm workers and diverse human rights abuses in farms. The report recommends import ban on culprits as well as engaging third party auditing to ensure compliance. The high vulnerability of the smallholder farmers justified the special interest in the implications on their reputation and hence their ability to access profitable export markets. Although large-scale commercial farmers are potentially at risk of reputational damage due to the Human Rights Watch Report, they are better able to cope owing to their stronger capital base. The opinions of knowledgeable industry insiders were therefore elicited through qualitative research that used a five-point Likert scale to assess perceptions about market access. On the basis of the results, it is probable that the report will lead to improved working conditions for farm workers, improved concern for consumers＇ health, and enforcement of legislation by the govemment. The negative implications involve increased competition, possibility of retailers＇ rationalising their supply base and increased evaluation that ends at the farm gate. There is also high probability of increased marginalisation of the already disadvantaged smallholder suppliers, and possible increase in costs of auditing and accreditation for the entire fruit industry. Thus, active collaboration among all stakeholders to ensure the competitiveness of the fruit industry is inevitable.
基金(No.NCET-05-0790) supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University,China
文摘Soft drinks have many potential health problems.The inherent acids and sugars have both acidogenic and cariogenic potential,resulting in dental caries and potential enamel erosion.In this report we present a 25-year-old man complaining with the severe worn-out of the front teeth during the past 3 years.He had a history of drinking cola for more than 7 years and had a poor oral hygiene.Severe decays were present in the incisors and the canines,while less severe lesions were noted on the premolars and the molars.The review is to show the relationship between dental erosion and caries and soft drinks.Some efforts have been taken to reduce the harmful effect of soft drinks.
基金funding from the National Science Foundation for EPS-1101317 project on ‘‘Research on Adaptation to Climate Change’’NSF-SESYNC/NIMBIOS DBI-1052875 project on ‘‘Integrating Human Risk Perception of Global Climate Change into Dynamic Earth System Models’’
文摘The third UN World Congress on Disaster Risk Reduction, held in Sendai, Japan in March 2015, agreed on a new framework to guide disaster risk reduction policy and practice for the next 15 years. The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(SFDRR) leaves important implementation issues unspecified and potentially creates both problems and opportunities for complex,multilevel governance systems in coping with hazards and disastrous events. Early warning systems(EWS), if built into the mainstream of planning for development and disaster relief and recovery, could present a significant opportunity to realize many SFDRR goals. We explore the complexities of using hydrometeorological EWS to prepare for drought and flood disasters in the densely populated communities of Pakistan’s Indus River Basin in contrast to the African Sahel’s less densely settled grasslands. Multilevel governance systems are often dominated by a topdown, technocentric, centralized management bias and have great difficulty responding to the needs of peripheral and vulnerable populations. People-centered, bottom-up approaches that incorporate disaggregated communities with local knowledge into a balanced, multilevel disaster risk management and governance structure have adramatically better chance of realizing the SFDRR goals for disaster risk reduction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51376177)the"Strategic Priority Research Program"of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA03010500)
文摘The intermediate heat exchanger for enhancement heat transfer is the important equipment in the usage of nuclear energy. In the present work, heat transfer and entropy generation of an intermediate heat exchanger(IHX) in the accelerator driven subcritical system(ADS) are investigated experimentally. The variation of entropy generation number with performance parameters of the IHX is analyzed, and effects of inlet conditions of the IHX on entropy generation number and heat transfer are discussed. Compared with the results at two working conditions of the constant mass flow rates of liquid lead-bismuth eutectic(LBE) and helium gas, the total pumping power all tends to reduce with the decreasing entropy generation number, but the variations of the effectiveness, number of transfer units and thermal capacity rate ratio are inconsistent, and need to analyze respectively. With the increasing inlet mass flow rate or LBE inlet temperature, the entropy generation number increases and the heat transfer is enhanced, while the opposite trend occurs with the increasing helium gas inlet temperature. The further study is necessary for obtaining the optimized operation parameters of the IHX to minimize entropy generation and enhance heat transfer.
文摘We reported a 30 years old man who suffered a bite wound of the right hand in a fight. Two days after the injury, he was admitted in emergency because of stab wound above the head of the third metacarpal bone. He presented the swelling, redness, pain and fever. Primary revision confirmed only partial lesion of the extensor apparatus. During the following days, we recorded a deterioration of local findings and magnetic resonance imaging revealed osteomyelitis and septic arthritis of the third metacarpophalangeal joint. The wound was then revised several times using negative pressure wound therapy in combination with intravenous antibiotics. After resolution of clinical and laboratory findings, the wound was finally closed by delayed primary suture. Clenched fist injury is a medical emergency that requires immediate surgical revision. We treated clenched fist injury with the development of septic arthritis and osteo- myelitis with negative pressure wound therapy and obtained good outcomes.
