Comparison of brain functions between healthy participants and methamphetamine users with various addiction histories:Data analysis based on EEG and fNIRS

The electroencephalogram(EEG)rhythm and functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)activation levels have not been compared between a healthy control group(HCG)and methamphetamine user group(MUG)with different addiction histories.This study used 64-electrode EEG and fNIRS to conduct an experiment that analyzed the resting and craving states.The EEG and fNIRS data of 56 participants were collected,including 14 healthy participants,14 methamphetamine users with an addiction history of 0.5–5 years,14 users with an addiction history of 5–10 years,and 14 users with an addiction history of 10–15 years.Isolated effective coherence(iCoh)within the brain network was used to process the EEG data.Statistical analysis was performed to compare differences in iCoh among the delta,theta,alpha,beta,and gamma bands and explore oxyhemoglobin activation levels in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex,dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,orbitofrontal cortex,and frontopolar prefrontal cortex(FPC)of the control group.Finally,the Kmeans,Gaussian mixed model(GMM),linear discriminant analysis(LDA),support vector machine(SVM),Bayes,and convolutional neural networks(CNN)algorithms were used to classify methamphetamine users based on drug and neutral images.A 3-class accuracy was achieved.Changes in EEG and fNIRS activation levels of HCG and MUG with varied addiction histories were demonstrated.

Editorial Commentary:The History of Controlling and Treating Infectious Diseases in Ancient China

I recently read the article by LIU et all entitled The History of Controlling and Treating Infectious Diseases in Ancient China with great interest.The paper comprehensively summarizes ancient Chinese approaches to combat epidemics,elucidating them through the lens of three key elements of infectious diseases.Summarizing thousands of years of records detailing major infectious disease occurrences across various dynasties is no small feat.

From Research on TCM Images to Historiography of TCM Images——Comments on History of Chinese Image Culture:Medical Image Volume

1 Introduction.Chinese medicine has a long and rich history,dating back to the classics of the Qin and Han dynasties and extending to the integration of Chinese and Western medicine in the modern era.The vast amount of literature and scholarly works in this field makes it essential to thoroughly study the history of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in order to understand its development path throughout the ages and boost innovation based on tradition.This is why the sages emphasized the importance of“classifying the works into different schools and tracing back to their origins”(辨章学术,考镜源流).

Diverse phenotype of Méenière’s disease associated with family history,thyroid disorder,migraine and associated disorders

Objective:To better understand the clinical phenotype of Méenière’s disease(MD),we examined family history,thyroid disorder,migraine,and associated disorders in complaints of people living with MD.Method:We designed the study as a retrospective and examined data gathered from 912 participants with MD.Their data were originally collected by the Finnish M′eni`ere Federation(FMF).The survey data included individual case histories for environmental factors,comorbidities,disease-specific complaints,impact-related questions,cognitive complaints,health-related quality of life(HRQoL),and sense of coherence(SOC).Results:We observed significant differences between those with and without sporadic occurrence,family history,thyroid disorder,and migraine-associated complaints.Family history explained 20%of variability in patient complaints.Patients with a family history of MD whose disease started at younger age experienced balance problems,more severe vertigo spells,more severe vestibular drop attacks(VDA),and less nausea,although they had good SOC.Thyroid disorder explained 14%of variability in patient complaints.MD patients with a thyroid disorder comorbidity suffered more often from constant dizziness,balance problems,greater impact of hearing problems,cognitive complaints,and poor HRQoL.Migraine explained 12%of variability in patients’complaints and was associated with poor SOC and cognitive balance problems.MD patients with both thyroid disorder and migraine used antidepressants more often than other groups.Logistic regression analysis showed comorbidities of ischemic brain disorder(among 7.1%),kidney insufficiency(among 1.2%),and diabetes(among 7.3%)had statistically significant but restricted association with balance and gait problems,VDA,and reduced HRQoL.Conclusions:Family history of MD and thyroid disorder or migraine comorbidities in MD influence the complaint pattern and partially explain complex symptom profiles,including symptoms of cognitive problems.Confounders play a minimal role in complaint profile and impact of MD whereas comorbidities influence the complaint structure and partly explain the complex symptom profile in MD.

Genetic analyses of ancient tea trees provide insights into the breeding history and dissemination of Chinese Assam tea(Camellia sinensis var.assamica)

Chinese Assam tea(Camellia sinensis var.assamica)is an important tea crop with a long history of cultivation in Yunnan,China.Despite its potential value as a genetic resource,its genetic diversity and domestication/breeding history remain unclear.To address this issue,we genotyped 469 ancient tea plant trees representing 26 C.sinensis var.assamica populations,plus two of its wild relatives(six and three populations of C.taliensis and C.crassicolumna,respectively)using 16 nuclear microsatellite loci.Results showed that Chinese Assam tea has a relatively high,but comparatively lower gene diversity(H_(S)=0.638)than the wild relative C.crassicolumna(H_S=0.658).Clustering in STRUCTURE indicated that Chinese Assam tea and its two wild relatives formed distinct genetic groups,with considerable interspecific introgression.The Chinese Assam tea accessions clustered into three gene pools,corresponding well with their geographic distribution.However,New Hybrids analysis indicated that 68.48%of ancient Chinese Assam tea plants from Xishuangbanna were genetic intermediates between the Puer and Lincang gene pools.In addition,10%of the ancient Chinese Assam tea individuals were found to be hybrids between Chinese Assam tea and C.taliensis.Our results suggest that Chinese Assam tea was domesticated separately in three gene pools(Puer,Lincang and Xishuangbanna)in the Mekong River valley and that the hybrids were subsequently selected during the domestication process.Although the domestication history of Chinese Assam tea in southwestern Yunnan remains complex,our results will help to identify valuable genetic resources that may be useful in future tea breeding programs.

Analysis of the Teaching of Ancient Chinese History in the Heritage Conservation Technology Major

Ancient Chinese history is an important part of the curriculum of the Heritage Conservation Technology major.Students can better understand the history of cultural relics and improve their humanistic literacy,which will help them in restoring cultural relics.At present,there are numerous challenges in teaching ancient Chinese history in the Heritage Conservation Technology major.These challenges necessitate the development of effective teaching reform strategies.This paper outlines these challenges and explores effective teaching reform strategies to provide a reference for educators.

Historical retrospects and evolutionary characteristics of paleogenomic science and technology

Paleogenomics is a discipline in which the extraction and analysis of DNA from ancient biological remains are studied to understand the evolutionary history of past organisms.Research on this topic has revealed the evolutionary history of humans and other species,traced human migrations and genetic changes,and investigated ancient diseases and environmental influences due to its uniqueness.This paper reviews the scientific and technological history of the development of paleogenomics,including the molecular cloning era,the polymerase chain reaction(PCR)technique era,the genomics era,and the bio-data analysis era.This field explores the key technological development processes and effects of significant scientific discoveries,ranging from gene cloning technology and sequencing technology to breakthroughs and applications in big data analysis,addressing challenges such as sample contamination and trace collection analysis in paleogenomics research.

On the Historiographical Reform of General History of Chinese Science and Technologyin the Post-Needham Era

The research of General History of Chinese Science and Technology(GHCST) has so far failed to transcend the"positivist history", a program of historiography initiated by Joseph Needham. The historians after Needham have made important explorations on the historiographical reform of GHCST. However, nearly all of these explorations are still the methodological reflections of the positivist history perspective, failing to reflect metaphysically on such historiographical presuppositions as views of science, technology and history, which means they have failed to break away from the positivist history perspective. To go beyond the limitations of positivist history calls for the introduction of the perspective of phenomenology of body and reflecting on and criticizing the historiographical presuppositions of positivist history on a metaphysical level. Such reflection will lead us to a new program of historiography in the post-Needham era, that is"phenomenal history"or the GHCST from the perspective of the phenomenology of body.

An analysis of the interaction mechanism between the social history of medicine research and health communication from the perspective of mass communication

The mass communication model and interactive ritual chain theory,which serve as communication paradigms in the new media era,facilitate and enhance the synergy between the fields of social history of medicine and health communication.This study employs a comprehensive framework based on the five elements of the mass communication model:information source,communication subject,communication object,message content,and post-communication feedback.Additionally,it incorporates the interactive ritual chain theory to examine the evolving dynamics and developmental trajectory of research in the social history of medicine during the new media era.Conclusively,this paper acknowledges the existing interaction gaps in the interaction between health communication and the social history of medicine research while outlining the challenges for fostering collaboration and proposing strategic optimizations for effective integration.

Historicity of Texts and Textuality of History On The Virginian From the Perspective of New Historicism

The Virginian： A Horseman of the Plains （1902） has been considered as one of the masterpieces of American western novels for its successful depiction of cowboys and local customs, which earns Owen Wister the Father of Western fiction. The paper aims to reveal the relationship between The Virginian and its historical context by applying the doctrines of New Historicism： historicity of texts and textuality of history. By historicity of texts, it points out that the work is the emblem of disappearance of western frontier, and it symbolizes the union of the Wild West and the civilized east. By textuality of history, it detects the change of social class, the development of livestock industry and railway, and their influence on the work at the later part of 19th century.

The Crisis of Historicism and the Correlation Between Nationalism and Neo-Kantian Philosophy of History in the Interwar Period

Recent historiographic studies of cultural exchanges between Germany and Greece in the 19th and 20th centuries have tended to neglect the mutual influence of the two countries＇ intellectuals; as a result, there is insufficient appreciation of the extent to which historiography and philosophy were appropriated by the politics of the Interwar period. This article focuses on attempts by neo-Kantian philosophers to overcome the crisis of historicism, and on the impact of this crisis on Greek intellectuals＇ perceptions of historicism. The study shows that at the time historicism invoked the past to solve the problems of the present. My purpose is to show that in a time of crisis, Germany＇s pursuit of its Greekness in conformity with the Bildung tradition, and Greece＇s cultural dependence on Germany in the meaning-making of its own Greekness, shared common ground in the ideological uses of philosophy and history in the service of politics and the politics of culture. In the aftermath of WWI, German scholars raised the issue of the crisis of historicism. Neo-Kantian philosophers such as Heinrich Rickert, whose theory had a major impact on Greek intellectuals, became involved in this debate, posing the question of historical objectivity. Yet Rickert＇s philosophy of history soon fell into an impasse, leading to the rise of an idealist philosophy of history in the 1930s that committed itself anew to the dominant politics. In the 1930s, under the guise of idealism, Greek neo-Kantian intellectuals were claiming an objective historical narrative of the traumatic experience from 1922 onwards, which fit into the structure of an idealized ahistorical and mythic past, and which, as a hegemonic discourse, excluded its political enemies and propagandized the political struggle towards the fulfillment of the nation＇s historical and spiritual mission.

Influence of a non-free field subsurface seismic history on the liquefaction resistance of sandy soils

Seismic-induced liquefaction of sandy soils can fail foundations in the vicinity of buildings.To investigate the effect of a non-free field subsurface seismic history on the ability of saturated sandy soils to resist liquefaction,four shaking events with different accelerations were input to the sandy soils in the non-free-field.The results of the study revealed that:(1)Shallow soils that are not free-field undergo acceleration amplification effects after being subjected to seismic loading.(2)Building overburden pressure reduces the sensitivity of the shallow soils directly below in small and moderate earthquakes,which are more prone to rearranging and forming unstable structures under strong seismic effects.The excess pore pressure response on the load side resembles that of a free site,with the depth range of the liquefaction strength of soils affected by the seismic history,increasing progressively as input seismic intensity increases.(3)After experiencing earthquakes of different intensities,the excess pore pressure directly below the building overburden pressure at 0.1 m and 0.2 m is greater than that at the side.At the same time,the side of the building structure is more prone to liquefaction than the soil directly below it.

喜报 《食品安全质量检测学报》再次入选《科技期刊世界影响力指数(WJCI)报告(2024)》

近日,由中国科学技术信息研究所、《中国学术期刊(光盘版)》电子杂志社有限公司、清华大学图书馆、万方数据有限公司、中国高校科技期刊研究会、中国科学技术期刊编辑学会联合研制的《科技期刊世界影响力指数(WJCI)报告(2024)》(简称:WJCI报告)发布,《食品安全质量检测学报》再次入选。该报告是一份体现全球科技期刊同台竞技的评价报告,体现了地区代表性、学科代表性、行业代表性。

Influence of thermal history on conversion of aluminate species in sodium aluminate solution

It is necessary to clarify the influence of thermal history on the conversion of aluminate species in sodium aluminate solution in order to optimize Bayer alumina production. The interconversion of various solution species in the systems was investigated by measuring the infrared spectra of sodium aluminate solution with different compositions after separate heat treatment, dilution and concentration. The results show that increasing temperature or prolonging holding time favors the transformation of Al2O（OH）2- to Al—OH vibration（condensed Al O4 tetrahedral aluminate ion） at about 880 cm-1 and Al（OH）-4. A12O（OH）2-66 and Al—OH tetrahedral dimer ions convert rapidly to Al（OH）-4 during the dilution process; however, the back transformation of Al（OH）-4 to the Al—OH tetrahedral dimer ions can occur in diluted sodium aluminate solution. As for the concentration process, the transformation of Al（OH）-4 to A12O（OH）2-6 and Al—OH tetrahedral dimer ions can take place, while it is relatively difficult to transform to A12O（OH）2-6.

基于PPO算法的CIES低碳优化调度方法

阶梯式碳交易机制以及优化调度模型求解算法是进行园区综合能源系统(community integrated energy system,CIES)优化调度的重要因素,现有文献对这两个因素的考虑不够全面。为此,文中在考虑阶梯式碳交易机制的基础上,提出采用近端策略优化(proximal policy optimization,PPO)算法求解CIES低碳优化调度问题。该方法基于低碳优化调度模型搭建强化学习交互环境,利用设备状态参数及运行参数定义智能体的状态、动作空间及奖励函数,再通过离线训练获取可生成最优策略的智能体。算例分析结果表明,采用PPO算法得到的CIES低碳优化调度方法能够充分发挥阶梯式碳交易机制减少碳排放量和提高能源利用率方面的优势。

CIED植入致感染性心内膜炎合并电风暴的护理1例报告

心脏植入式电子器械(CIED)是指心脏起搏器、植入型心律转复除颤器、心脏再同步化治疗起搏器、心脏再同步化治疗除颤器以及植入式心电事件监测器等[1]。CIED对治疗恶性心律失常和难治性心力衰竭具有显著疗效。随着植入式起搏器在临床上的广泛应用,起搏器感染患者数量呈上升趋势,心脏起搏器(PM)、ICD、CRT起搏器、CRT除颤器设备相关感染的发生率分别为1.19%、1.91%、2.18%、3.35%[2]。部分病人因感染加重或感染无法控制而被迫取出CIED。6%的患者在出现超过38.5℃的高热时发生致命心律失常事件,其中47%患者出现心室颤动,这可能与高热时钠离子外流显著降低,影响心室动作电位早期复极有关[3]。发热导致心室颤动的其他情况还可见于长QT综合征、特发性心室颤动、急性心肌炎等,电除颤是及时终止恶性心律失常最有效的方法。2023年10月5日,本科收治了1例因重症心肌炎致三度房室传导阻滞并心室颤动行双腔ICD植入术的患者,术后囊袋感染致感染性心内膜炎并发交感电风暴,经过积极治疗出院。现报告如下。

Who says this is a modern disorder? The early history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) is a complex, heterogeneous and multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Although the first clinical description of a constellation of symptoms highly resembling to what currently could be diagnosed as ADHD is generally attributed to George F Still in 1902, there are scattered but significant published historical medical, scientific and non-scientific reports, much prior to Still's lectures, of what is currently conceptualized as ADHD. The present report aimed at exploring the early history of ADHD, prior to the 20^(th) century in the medical literature and in other historical sources, to provide clinicians, researchers and other professionals with a better understanding of the roots and current conceptualization of this disorder. It is possible to find clues and highly suggestive descriptions of individuals presenting symptoms resembling what is currently defined as ADHD in the literature, in paintings or in the Bible. However, the earliest medical reports of individuals with abnormal degrees of inattention, distractibility and overactivity date from the last quarter of the 18^(th) century, included in two of the first textbooks specifically on the subject of mental diseases, published by the German Melchior Adam Weikard and the Scottish Sir Alexander Crichton. During the 19^(th) century some eminent physicians from Germany, France or Great Britain, such as Charles West, Thomas C Albutt, Thomas S Clouston, William W, Ireland, John Haslam, Heinrich Neumann, or Désiré-Magloire Bourneville, among others provided clinical depictions of patients that most likely presently would be diagnosed as having ADHD. Whilst some of the children described by Still and his predecessors may have suffered from a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders, many of these patients showed clear symptoms of ADHD and may present with comorbid disorders, as it is commonly the case in clinical practice.

Natural history of hepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is an important cause of cancer death in the world. It has great regional differences in the pathology and epidemiology. The variation is greatly influenced by the aetiologies of the disease. Hepatitis B and C infection are the most important risk factors. HCC incidence rates are higher but in decreasing trend in developing countries. However, the figures in the developed countries are contrary. Successful hepatitis B virus （HBV） vacdnation programs, better food hygiene, increased global hepatitis C virus {HCV） prevalence and population migration are the possible explanations. A number of clinical and pathogenic differences exist between HBV- and HCV- related HCC. HBV infection leads to the development of HCC through direct and indirect pathways as it has the ability to integrate into the host genome affecting cellular signaling and growth control. HCV causes HCC mainly through indirect pathways： chronic inflammation, cell deaths and proliferation. As a result, HCC is almost exclusively found in cirrhotic HCV patients while HCC is sometimes found in HBV patients without significant liver cirrhosis. Due to the different severities of liver cirrhosis and HCC extent, therapeutic strategies from resection, liver transplantation to symptoms palliation are available. Poorly differentiated histology, lack of fibrous capsule, large tumour size, early vascular invasion and elevated serum levels of alpha fetoprotein （AFP） are the features for more aggressive disease. Combined with markers of liver reserve and performance status, accurate scoring systems and models have been developed to predict patients＇ survival and match best treatment option.

The impact of family history of hepatocellular carcinoma on its patients' survival

BACKGROUND:Family history of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) has been identified as a risk factor for the development of the disease.The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of such a history on HCC patients’ survival.METHODS:Data of all HCC patients(n=4532) managed at our center from 1989 to 2008 were prospectively collected.The patients were quizzed on their various characteristics including family HCC history.RESULTS:Totally 475(10.48%) patients had a family history of HCC.They presented the disease at a significantly earlier age(median 53 vs 59 years,P<0.0001) and at an earlier stage(the United Network for Organ Sharing staging system).They had significantly better liver function in terms of ChildPugh classification and serum albumin and bilirubin levels.Significantly more of them presented the disease without symptoms(44.0% vs 29.4%,P<0.0001).They also had significantly better overall survival under these specifications:patients in the whole study cohort,patients who had minor hepatectomy,patients with stage I disease,patients with stage II disease,and patients with stage III disease.CONCLUSIONS:Contrary to what is generally believed,we found in this study cohort that patients with a family history of HCC had better overall survival than those without such a history.We believe this was in part due to earlier diagnosis of the disease and better liver function in this group of patients.However,the effects of genetic factors on the risk of HCC cannot be overlooked and are yet to be identified.

Natural history of covert hepatic encephalopathy: An observational study of 366 cirrhotic patients

AIM To explore the natural history of covert hepatic encephalopathy(CHE) in absence of medication intervention.METHODS Consecutive outpatient cirrhotic patients in a Chinese tertiary care hospital were enrolled and evaluated for CHE diagnosis. They were followed up for a mean of 11.2 ± 1.3 mo. Time to the first cirrhosis-related complications requiring hospitalization, including overt HE(OHE), resolution of CHE and death/transplantation, were compared between CHE and no-CHE patients. Predictors for complication(s) and death/transplantation were also analyzed.RESULTS A total of 366 patients(age: 47.2 ± 8.6 years, male: 73.0%) were enrolled. CHE was identified in 131 patients(35.8%). CHE patients had higher rates of death and incidence of complications requiring hospitalization, including OHE, compared to unimpaired patients. Moreover, 17.6% of CHE patients developed OHE, 42.0% suffered persistent CHE, and 19.8% of CHE spontaneously resolved. In CHE patients, serum albumin < 30 g/L(HR = 5.22, P = 0.03) was the sole predictor for developing OHE, and blood creatinine > 133 μmol/L(HR = 4.75, P = 0.036) predicted mortality. Child-Pugh B/C(HR = 0.084, P < 0.001) and OHE history(HR = 0.15, P = 0.014) were predictors of spontaneous resolution of CHE.CONCLUSION CHE exacerbates, persists or resolves without medication intervention in clinically stable cirrhosis. Triage of patients based on these predictors will allow for more cost-effect management of CHE.