Low-temperature conformal vacuum deposition of OLED devices using close-space sublimation

Close-space sublimation(CSS)has been demonstrated as an alternative vacuum deposition technique for fabricating organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs).CSS utilizes a planar donor plate pre-coated with organic thin films as an area source to rapidly transfer the donor film to a device substrate at temperatures below 200℃.CSS is also conformal and capable of depositing on odd-shaped substrates using flexible donor media.The evaporation behaviors of organic donor films under CSS were fully characterized using model OLED materials and CSS-deposited films exhibited comparable device performances in an OLED stack to films deposited by conventional point sources.The low temperature and conformal nature of CSS,along with its high material utilization and short process time,make it a promising method for fabricating flexible OLED displays.

A Preliminary Study of Yeats' Lyrics of Sublimation

Yeats' lyrics of sublimation is one of his major concerns in his later years. Sublimation for Yeats is essentially the transmutation and elevation of bitterness and tragic facts of being into happiness, into tranquility of mind, then into the emotionless emotion, as Yeats names it as "innocence". The process of sublimation enriches the creativity of Yeats as artist when he is confronted with severity of aging spiritually and physically.

Low-Angle Grain Boundaries in Sublimation Grown 6H-SiC Crystals

High-resolution X-ray diffractometry(HRXRD)was used to assess the quality of 6H-SiC crystals grown by sublimation method.The results show the occurrence of low-angle grain boundaries(LB)is close relative to the inclination of the crystal interface.At the central faceted region with 0°inclination the crystal is of high structural perfection.However,at the region close to the facet with less than 5°inclination LB occurs slightly and at the region close to the peripheral polytype ring with more than 5°inclination LB defect occurs heavily.The density of LB can be drastically reduced by decreasing radial temperature gradient that determines the shape of the crystal growth interface.

Physical Properties in Drying of Food Products with Combined Sublimation and Evaporation

Drying is an important unit operation in processing of biological resources. The drying process may influence the product properties and quality, which may shrink, break or undergo rheological, physical and biochemical changes. The important parameters responsible for such changes are drying conditions, type of drying technology and residence drying time. Thermal conductivity, thermal-mass diffusivity, enthalpy, porosity and density are the main material property and heat-mass transfer parameters, which are essential for understanding the changes in product quality and for designing and dimensioning the drying processes. In this paper physical properties of food products undergoing a combined sublimation and evaporation were studied. Pieces of vegetables and potatoes were dried in a heat pump fluidized bed dryer at combined modes with temperatures below the freezing point in the beginning and a final drying step at temperatures above the freezing point. Samples of products were tested at different moisture contents with respect to physical properties. Physical properties of leek and potato samples were measured and mass diffusivities were determined from drying kinetic data. Based on bulk density and rehydration measurements it was clearly observed that drying temperature and modes influenced the final product physical properties. The potato cube run dried with initial atmospheric freeze-drying step had rehydration ability 430%above a run dried only above the freezing point. The average effective mass diffusivity for 5 mm slabs of leek was 0.5 x 10-11m2·s-1 for the sublimation stage and 2.2 x 10-11m2·s-1 for the evaporation stage.

CdTe Films Deposited by Closed-space Sublimation

CdTe films are prepared by closed-space sublimation technology. Dependence of film crystalline on substrate materials and substrate temperature is investigated. It is found that films exhibit higher crystallinity at substrate temperature higher than 400 ℃. And the CdTe films deposited on CdS films with higher crystallinity have bigger crystallite and higher uniformity. Treatment with CdCl 2 methanol solution promotes the crystallite growth of CdTe films during annealing.

Calculated Lattice Energies of Energetic Materials in a Prediction of their Heats of Fusion and Sublimation

The paper specifies an unambiguous basic relationship between the published results of ab initio calculations of lattice energies, E L,and heats of sublimation, ΔH s,of individual energetic materials. In this relationship,the ΔH s value has been replaced by heats of fusion, ΔH m,tr . Thereby its unambiguity has been lost,and the similarity of details of molecular structure begins to be of decisive importance. The resulting partial relationships,together with the basic relationship,have been used for prediction of ΔH s,and ΔH m,tr values of technically attractive polynitro compounds.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON FILM COOLING EFFECTIVENESS AND HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT BY NAPHTHALENE SUBLIMATION

Based on the linearity of the heat transfer coefficient and dimensionless temperature ratio, and analogy between heat and mass transfer, an experimental study on film cooling characteristic was carried out with a novel naphthalene sublimation. In general, cooling effectiveness distributions have been obtained on adiabatic surface, but separate testing on a non adiabatic wall is required to determine the heat transfer coefficient distribution. This novel naphthalene sublimation, which is different from previous heat transfer or analogy method, can measure both cooling effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient together with the same test section. The results show well by being compared with other references.

Effective Increase of Crystal Area during Sublimation Growth of 6H-SiC by Using the Cone-shaped Baffle

A novel design of crucible is proposed in this paper for the growth of SiC crystals. The relation between grown crystal shape and temperature distribution in a growth chamber was discussed. It is pointed out that the crystal shape had a close relationship with temperature distribution. The calculations suggested that the radial temperature field of the growing crystal became homogenous by setting up the cone-shaped baffle in the growth chamber. By modifying the crucible design and temperature distribution in the growth chamber, it is possible to enhance the enlargement of crystal, and also possible to keep grown surface flat.

Continual Process of Self-Making： Hester Prynne＇s Life Is an Instance of Sublimation

This paper attempts to demonstrate Hester Prynne＇s, in Nathaniel Hawthorne＇s romantic work of fiction The Scarlet Letter （1994）, sublimation of her sexual impulses into identifying with the socially acceptable humanitarian actions, and societal demands in order to avoid the confrontation with the scorn of the people of Boston, her sexual urge, and with her weakness. Hester＇s libidinal energy was channeled into socially approved activities in her self-devoted years that made up her identity and reality. The scarlet letter ceased to be a stigma which once attracted the world＇s scorn and bitterness, later looked upon with reverence, and transformed into a thing to be sorrowed over. She had not ignored a large part of reality of her life （the past and present）. If she ignored her past she would entirely detach it from the present. She integrated her stigma into her life in the continual process of self-making, and thereby projecting herself into the future

炒僵蚕鉴别方法研究

目的:基于显微鉴别技术、微量升华技术和薄层色谱技术,建立炒僵蚕饮片的鉴别方法。方法:依据显微鉴别法,对炒僵蚕粉末的显微特征进行描述;采用微量升华法,对炒僵蚕升华物结晶状态进行描述;采用薄层色谱法,僵蚕对照药材和伪品为对照,对炒僵蚕进行薄层色谱鉴别。结果:炒僵蚕粉末呈黄褐色,在显微镜下清晰可见菌丝体、体壁碎片、刚毛、未消化的桑叶组织、草酸钙簇晶、草酸钙方晶及导管等结构,与僵蚕对照药材类似;炒僵蚕的升华物呈霜花状、羽状结晶,与僵蚕对照药材类似;TLC图中,斑点清晰、专属性好。结论:该方法快速、易操作、专属性好,可作为炒僵蚕饮片的鉴别方法,并为提高鉴别标准提供参考。

真空冷冻干燥升华温度对玉米种子品质的影响

本文采用真空冷冻干燥机对玉米种子进行冷冻干燥处理,研究不同升华温度(3℃、5℃、7℃、9℃)条件下其物性指标(含水率、容重、出碴率、颗粒度指数、裂纹率、最大力、最大力点变形)和活性指标(发芽率、呼吸强度、相对导电率)的变化规律。研究结果表明:玉米种子的含水率、容重、出碴率、最大力、最大力点变形随升华温度升高先降低后升高,颗粒度指数随升华温度升高先增大后减小,裂纹率、相对电导率随升华温度升高先升高后降低。不同升华温度的玉米种子活性都有所下降,发芽率也都有所下降。在升华温度5℃下玉米种子呼吸强度最小,最适宜储存。

精神审美学论纲——兼论“审美即道德”与“审美即宗教”问题

人类的审美活动可以划分为两种类型,一种是非精神学意义上进行的审美活动,另一种是从人之精神性需要或精神欲求出发的审美活动。就人对于世界之存在以及人自身的精神审美而言,它其实是对于两种“精神质料”的审美:“壮美”与“优美”。人类的道德意识以及道德行为之产生,就来源于对这两种精神质料的精神审美。优美以及壮美的精神审美机制在于反思判断力之运用。这种反思判断力是以精神审美的游戏方式展开的,其中体现了人的精神自由。人类的精神审美是天道原理与天择原理的统一。人通过精神审美知道人成为精神审美的艺术品之后可以实现“永生”。这种精神审美观对于生活于苦难中的人类来说具有宗教性的“救赎”意义。

离子化合物溶解性的热力学分析

无机盐的溶解性是化合物的重要性质之一,如何判断其溶解性大小是化学化工专业的新生较为关注的问题,本文从热力学角度分析离子晶体溶解包含晶体升华和离子水化两步过程,并分析两步过程中的焓效应和熵效应是如何影响离子化合物的溶解性,解释离子电荷及半径对其溶解性的影响,并借助离子晶体溶解过程的吉布斯自由能数据,总结其溶解性变化的基本规律,让学生理解物质性质变化规律的复杂性。

艺术作品究竟是什么?——阿多诺的艺术作品理论及其启示

在阿多诺看来,艺术作品不能被理解为现成存在着的东西,它是动态的过程。这个动态的过程表现在艺术作品中的精神要素和客观外壳之间的斗争之中。作为一种精神产品,艺术作品是人为的,但是这个人为的东西也包含了超出人为的东西的范围。虽然艺术作品是动态的过程,但是它可以被理解为停顿下来的过程。从这个角度来说,艺术作品类似于单子,具有某种独一无二的特点,但是艺术作品也不能简单地被理解为单子,它从感性世界借来了束缚自身的东西。艺术作品与康德所说的崇高相似,也要达到自然和精神的和解,即一种不可和解的东西之间的和解,但是这种和解也包含了游戏的要素。

论20世纪五六十年代政治抒情诗的审美风格

20世纪五六十年代的政治抒情诗忠实记录了新中国成立后的社会变革与公共生活的面貌,整体呈现出三种审美风格:宏大叙事中雄伟壮丽的崇高美、日常叙事中清新宁静的优美、异化情境中社会不良风气造成的荒诞感。无论是抒发社会主义建设革命豪情的壮美、表达日常生活幸福之感的优美,还是讽喻社会异化情境中的荒诞感,诗歌的价值内核仍然指向对真、善、美的追求。

朗吉弩斯《论崇高》对17-18世纪英国莎剧批评的影响

朗吉弩斯的《论崇高》在17世纪30年代传播到英国,并对17-18世纪的莎士比亚戏剧批评产生了巨大影响。《论崇高》提供了不同于古典主义的理论话语、评价标准和审美原则,它对天才独创性、激情、想象力等文学要素的强调契合莎士比亚戏剧的独特性,对在古今之争背景下确立莎剧的文学经典地位起了至关重要的作用。在将朗吉弩斯《论崇高》应用于文学批评的具体实践中,英国文人、学者开启了建立英国民族性、近代性诗学体系的道路;这同时也是西方各国文学批评界在这一历史时期的共同使命。反过来,英国18世纪学者的研究也极大地拓展和丰富了朗吉弩斯的崇高理论,使“崇高”成了西方近代美学的一个重要范畴。

英模人物传记片“崇高美”的多层次书写——评《我本是高山》

《我本是高山》是根据云南丽江华坪女子高级中学校长张桂梅的真实事迹改编创作的一部英模人物传记片。影片运用当代主流电影的创新理念与艺术思维,以人为本、以戏为核,融汇写实与写意,自觉强化戏剧性叙事,深度审视与开掘人物内在的生命精髓与人文内涵,艺术性地呈现出平凡英雄的行为、情感、情怀、精神等多层次的崇高美。

基于干冰微粒喷射冷却的高速列车IGBT散热器设计

针对高速列车IGBT模块的高效散热问题,设计了一种应用于干冰微粒喷射冷却的针肋散热器。建立了3组不同针肋参数模型,通过数值模拟研究分析了针肋数量、直径、高度对散热效果的影响,得出最优针肋散热器的针肋数量为64、直径为12 mm、高度为45 mm,相比于无肋散热器其换热基板表面温度降低了10.57℃,散热器内部干冰升华率提高了17.2%。通过实验观测到了干冰微粒冷却流体在管内流动状态以及干冰微粒在散热器内部扰动碰撞过程,验证了模拟结果,干冰微粒喷射冷却使热源功率为1.6 kW的IGBT模块保持在约25℃,满足其散热需要,为深入研究干冰微粒喷射冷却技术提供指导。