Call for Paper from Food Science and Human Wellness

Food Science and Human Wellness(FSHW ISSN:2213-4530,CN 10-1750/TS)publishes original research papers demonstrating the latest advancement of multidisci-plinary subjects related to food science and human health.Topics may include but not limited to:nutriology,biochemistry,microbiology,immunology and toxicology.

Commentary on:“Human neural stem cell-derived artificial organelles to improve oxidative phosphorylation”

Mitochondrial function is fundamental to neuroregeneration,particularly in neurons,where high energy demands are essential for repair and recovery(Patrón and Zinsmaier,2016;Beckervordersandforth et al.,2017;Iwata et al.,2023).Mitochondrial dysfunction,characterized by an imbalance in ATP levels and excessive production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species,is a key factor that impedes neural regeneration in neurodegenerative diseases and after neuronal injury(Han et al.,2016,2020;Zheng et al.,2016;Zong et al.,2024).

Human endogenous retrovirus type-W and multiple sclerosis–related smoldering neuroinflammation

Introduction to human endogenous retrovirus type-W(HERV-W): Genomic inheritance from the past includes retroviral sequences that have been stably incorporated into our genomes and account for up to 8% of human DNA.

Why Political Liberation Is Not the Real Human Liberation

Marx’s"Jewish Issue"is an issue of relationship between political liberation and human liberation.Marx believed that rather than presupposing the abolition of religion and universal human liberation,political liberation is only a historical stage of human liberation,,even though with important historical progressive value. Around this theme,Marx went beyond the perspective of religious criticism and gave priority to the analysis of the modern political state in the field of civil society,lightening the limits of political liberation and the path of human liberation.

The Opportunity and Challenge of the Development of Artificial Intelligence to Human Labor Liberation

With the development and application of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,it has promoted the upgrading and development of the industry.However,AI also brings intangible impact to the actual survival of human beings.Stephen·Hawking,the renowned physicist,has repeatedly warned,making it all the more urgent to reflect on the negative effects of artificial intelligence.Therefore,the review of AI should consider from the perspective of historical development,scientifically explain its changes in the way of human labor and social life,as well as the great significance of such changes to the liberation of human labor.

Treatment of spinal cord injury with biomaterials and stem cell therapy in non-human primates and humans

Spinal cord injury results in the loss of sensory,motor,and autonomic functions,which almost always produces permanent physical disability.Thus,in the search for more effective treatments than those already applied for years,which are not entirely efficient,researches have been able to demonstrate the potential of biological strategies using biomaterials to tissue manufacturing through bioengineering and stem cell therapy as a neuroregenerative approach,seeking to promote neuronal recovery after spinal cord injury.Each of these strategies has been developed and meticulously evaluated in several animal models with the aim of analyzing the potential of interventions for neuronal repair and,consequently,boosting functional recovery.Although the majority of experimental research has been conducted in rodents,there is increasing recognition of the importance,and need,of evaluating the safety and efficacy of these interventions in non-human primates before moving to clinical trials involving therapies potentially promising in humans.This article is a literature review from databases(PubMed,Science Direct,Elsevier,Scielo,Redalyc,Cochrane,and NCBI)from 10 years ago to date,using keywords(spinal cord injury,cell therapy,non-human primates,humans,and bioengineering in spinal cord injury).From 110 retrieved articles,after two selection rounds based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,21 articles were analyzed.Thus,this review arises from the need to recognize the experimental therapeutic advances applied in non-human primates and even humans,aimed at deepening these strategies and identifying the advantages and influence of the results on extrapolation for clinical applicability in humans.

Effects of P301L-TAU on post-translational modifications of microtubules in human iPSC-derived cortical neurons and TAU transgenic mice

TAU is a microtubule-associated protein that promotes microtubule assembly and stability in the axon.TAU is missorted and aggregated in an array of diseases known as tauopathies.Microtubules are essential for neuronal function and regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications,changes of which affect microtubule stability and dynamics,microtubule interaction with other proteins and cellular structures,and mediate recruitment of microtubule-severing enzymes.As impairment of microtubule dynamics causes neuronal dysfunction,we hypothesize cognitive impairment in human disease to be impacted by impairment of microtubule dynamics.We therefore aimed to study the effects of a disease-causing mutation of TAU(P301L)on the levels and localization of microtubule post-translational modifications indicative of microtubule stability and dynamics,to assess whether P301L-TAU causes stability-changing modifications to microtubules.To investigate TAU localization,phosphorylation,and effects on tubulin post-translational modifications,we expressed wild-type or P301L-TAU in human MAPT-KO induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons(i Neurons)and studied TAU in neurons in the hippocampus of mice transgenic for human P301L-TAU(p R5 mice).Human neurons expressing the longest TAU isoform(2N4R)with the P301L mutation showed increased TAU phosphorylation at the AT8,but not the p-Ser-262 epitope,and increased polyglutamylation and acetylation of microtubules compared with endogenous TAU-expressing neurons.P301L-TAU showed pronounced somatodendritic presence,but also successful axonal enrichment and a similar axodendritic distribution comparable to exogenously expressed 2N4R-wildtype-TAU.P301L-TAU-expressing hippocampal neurons in transgenic mice showed prominent missorting and tauopathy-typical AT8-phosphorylation of TAU and increased polyglutamylation,but reduced acetylation,of microtubules compared with non-transgenic littermates.In sum,P301L-TAU results in changes in microtubule PTMs,suggestive of impairment of microtubule stability.This is accompanied by missorting and aggregation of TAU in mice but not in i Neurons.Microtubule PTMs/impairment may be of key importance in tauopathies.

Women's Liberation during the Initial Stage of P. R. China: A Human Rights Perspective

The liberation of women is the historical process in which women have striven for gender equality, freedom from oppression, confinement and discrimination, and are becoming the masters of the society and their own destinies. According to the diversity in history and the state, the process can be divided into a serial of correlated phases, with each phase focusing on different issues. Sexism order in China had remained stable in the traditional society for centuries through a set of institutions. Women had believed in a sexual order and the rules of propriety, which advocated that men were superior to women. After the People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949, women’s rights in politics, economy, society, and even family were recognized and secured by the Constitution and laws just as men’s during a short period. Women’s liberation in China has made a significant progress.

Spatial transcriptomics combined with single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals glial cell heterogeneity in the human spinal cord

Glial cells play crucial roles in regulating physiological and pathological functions,including sensation,the response to infection and acute injury,and chronic neurodegenerative disorders.Glial cells include astrocytes,microglia,and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system,and satellite glial cells and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.Despite the greater understanding of glial cell types and functional heterogeneity achieved through single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing in animal models,few studies have investigated the transcriptomic profiles of glial cells in the human spinal cord.Here,we used high-throughput single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to map the cellular and molecular heterogeneity of astrocytes,microglia,and oligodendrocytes in the human spinal cord.To explore the conservation and divergence across species,we compared these findings with those from mice.In the human spinal cord,astrocytes,microglia,and oligodendrocytes were each divided into six distinct transcriptomic subclusters.In the mouse spinal cord,astrocytes,microglia,and oligodendrocytes were divided into five,four,and five distinct transcriptomic subclusters,respectively.The comparative results revealed substantial heterogeneity in all glial cell types between humans and mice.Additionally,we detected sex differences in gene expression in human spinal cord glial cells.Specifically,in all astrocyte subtypes,the levels of NEAT1 and CHI3L1 were higher in males than in females,whereas the levels of CST3 were lower in males than in females.In all microglial subtypes,all differentially expressed genes were located on the sex chromosomes.In addition to sex-specific gene differences,the levels of MT-ND4,MT2A,MT-ATP6,MT-CO3,MT-ND2,MT-ND3,and MT-CO_(2) in all spinal cord oligodendrocyte subtypes were higher in females than in males.Collectively,the present dataset extensively characterizes glial cell heterogeneity and offers a valuable resource for exploring the cellular basis of spinal cordrelated illnesses,including chronic pain,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and multiple sclerosis.

The Human Rights Legislation Practices of the Communist Party of China During the War of Liberation

During the War of Liberation,the liberated areas,under the leadership of the Communist Party of China,kept deepening and developing the concepts and ideas of protecting human rights,promulgated a series of human rights laws and related administrative programs,and put them into practice.The contents included not only the political rights of citizens but also their economic,social,and cultural rights,with emphasis on the protection of the rights to subsistence and development.The human rights legislation in the liberated areas has a wartime and class-based nature due to its social environment.It reflects the transition of the Communist Party of China from a revolutionary party to a ruling party on the historical stage.It played an important role in directing,advancing,and promoting the progress of democracy and the rule of law at that time and accumulated experience for the human rights legislation after the founding of the People’s Republic of China.History proves that the Communist Party of China has always been a political party dedicated to fighting for the human rights of the Chinese people,and only the Communist Party of China can lead China’s human rights development to a deeper level.

Sexism in English Language and Women's Liberation

This paper reviews the origin and history of sexism in English language and the cause of it,and analysizes the history and development of Women's Liberation and the effects of Women's Liberation movement in English language.

“liberal arts”的源与流——古今之变中的审视

“古今之变”是审视liberal arts流变的中心线索。古典liberal arts是具有内在统一性并指向完满品格的整全性知识体系。欧洲三次文艺复兴对liberal arts的再造展现了其历史流变中的不变逻辑,即为特定时代的受教育者提供共同价值。德国古典大学赋予了liberal arts在古典意义上的完美形态,而新人文主义的自我塑造观念孕育了博雅教育的现代转向。科学革命终结了古典学术的内在统一性与道德理想,瓦解了古典liberal arts。美国现代大学则借助古典资源,经由三次改革浪潮重建了liberal arts。然而,古典教育凝聚文明精华的共同价值、塑造意义与学术整合力量,同现代科学的智识自由、价值分殊与学科分化特性相冲突,这是古今之变为现代大学再造liberal arts所深植的困境,liberal arts只能在钟摆的两端之间不断权衡。

Liberation characteristics of coal middlings comminuted by jaw crusher and ball mill

The associated minerals make coal middlings possess a relatively high ash content.Subsequent liberation through size reduction can cause recovery increase.However,effect of comminution facilities on mineral liberation of middlings was ignored.This paper studied the liberation characteristics of middlings crushed with different kinds of fragmentation forces.Middlings of 3 mm+0.5 mm sampled from a dense medium cyclone were comminuted by a jaw crusher and a ball mill to 0.5 mm with similar size distribution respectively.The generating mechanism of fnes was also analyzed.Full densimetric analyses indicate that mineral liberation of the product crushed by the jaw crusher is better than that by the ball mill at each fraction.For sizes of 0.125 mm+0.074 mm and 0.074 mm,yields of the product with ash content 11%comminuted by jaw crusher are nearly 20%higher than that by the ball mill.Sectional micrographs observed by the scanning electron microscopy(SEM)also show the same law for these two fractions and some intergrowth particles still exist in the fraction of 0.5 mm+0.25 mm.

Effects of the continuous cooling process conditions on the crystallization and liberation characteristics of anosovite in Ti-bearing titanomagnetite smelting slag

This study involved the investigation of the effects of the continuous cooling process conditions on the crystallization and liberation characteristics of anosovite in Ti-bearing titanomagnetite smelting slag. The samples were heated until melting and then the temperature was held at 1650℃ for nearly 0.5 h;subsequently, the samples were cooled at different cooling rates to different temperatures and water-quenched after being held for different times at these temperatures. Last, the obtained crystallized samples were used to analyze the crystallization and liberation characteristics. It was found that, during the continuous cooling process, anosovite particles were found to initially precipitate in the slag at a relatively high crystallization temperature, showing the characteristics of euhedral crystal. The precipitation and growth of anosovite grain is strong and the morphology of anosovite was basically not affected by the continuous cooling conditions. From the morphology perspective, the formed anosovite is an excellent Ti-rich phase to be selective separated. The formation of spinel and diopside is negative for the liberation and selective separation of the anosovite phase. The crystallization diagrams of TiO2-MgO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-FeO slag undergoing different continuous cooling processes were constructed to help to determine the optimal continuous cooling–quenching condition for selective separation of anosovite. Moreover, the addition of B2O3 can enlarge the range of the optimal continuous cooling–quenching conditions for selective separation of anosovite.

Use of Mineral Liberation Analysis (MLA) in the Characterization of Lithium-Bearing Micas

The capabilities and opportunities of the application of automated mineralogy for the characterization of lithium-bearing zinnwaldite-micas are critically assessed. Samples of a crushed greisen-type ore comprising mostly of quartz, topaz and zinnwaldite (Li-rich mica) were exposed to further comminution by cone crusher and high voltage pulse power fragmentation. Product properties were analyzed by using a Mineral Liberation Analyser (MLA) and the obtained mineralogical and mineral processing relevant parameters were carefully evaluated with special focus on the characteristics of zinnwaldite. The results illustrate that both samples contain a significant quantity of very fine particles that are products of comminution. The modal mineralogy in the different sieve fractions is characterized by the accumulation of minerals of low hardness in the finest fraction and the enrichment of topaz, having a high hardness, in the somewhat larger fractions. Based on the results of mineral association data for zinnwaldite, a displacement of the muscovite-quartz ratio, in comparison to the results of modal mineralogy, was observed by indicating good quartz-zinnwaldite boundary breakage and weak muscovite-zinnwaldite breakage. Liberation as well as mineral grade recovery curves indicate that fraction 1000 to +500 μm is most suitable for beneficiation. The results of this study demonstrate that SEM-based image analysis, such as MLA, can effectively be used to investigate and evaluate phyllosilicate minerals in a fast and precise way. It is shown that the results of MLA investigations, such as modal mineralogy, are in good agreement with other analytical methods such as quantitative X-ray powder diffraction.

Mineralogical characterization of copper sulfide tailings using automated mineral liberation analysis: A case study of the Chambishi Copper Mine tailings

As ore grades constantly decline,more copper tailings,which still contain a considerable amount of unrecovered copper,are expected to be produced as a byproduct of froth flotation.This research reveals the occurrence mechanism of copper minerals in typical copper sulfide tailings using quantitative mineral liberation analysis(MLA)integrated with scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM–EDS).A comprehensive mineralogical characterization was carried out,and the results showed that almost all copper minerals were highly disseminated within coarse gangue particles,except for 9.2wt%chalcopyrite that occurred in the 160–180μm size fraction.The predominant copper-bearing mineral was chalcopyrite,which was closely intergrown with orthoclase and muscovite rather than quartz.The flotation tailings sample still contained 3.28wt%liberated chalcopyrite and 3.13wt%liberated bornite because of their extremely fine granularity.The SEM–EDS analysis further demonstrated that copper minerals mainly occurred as fine dispersed and fully enclosed structures in gangue minerals.The information obtained from this research could offer useful references for recovering residual copper from flotation tailings.

Mineralogy, liberation and leaching characteristics of iron oxide phases in an Indian diaspore sample

The removal of iron from an Indian diaspore sample was studied using magnetic separation and leaching techniques aided by an in-depth mineralogical characterization study involving quantitative mineralogical evaluation by scanning electron microscope（QEMSCAN）, electron probe micro-analyzer（EPMA） and X-ray diffraction（XRD）. The characterization studies indicate that extremely fine-sized hematite grains are associated with several other mineral phases in a complex manner with around 60% of the hematite not liberated even below the size of 38 μm limiting the scope of physical separation processes to remove the iron. Wet high intensity magnetic separation（WHIMS） studies reveal that only 49% of iron can be removed. Further, leaching studies using oxalic acid suggest that around 76% of the iron can be removed under conditions such as a solid to liquid ratio of 0.05：1, a temperature of 90 ℃ a time period of 120 min and an acid concentration of 1 mol/L. The dissolution of iron in oxalic acid is found to be controlled by chemical reaction and the activation energy is calculated as 35.15 k J/mol.

Microwave Assisted Liberation of High Phosphorus Oolitic Iron Ore

The influence of microwave treatment on the liberation of iron ore from the high phosphorus oolitic iron ore from Aswan region, Egypt was studied. The effect of microwave power, exposure time and grain size on the liberation of iron ore was investigated. The microfractures and cracks of the samples were characterized before and after microwave treatments. The heating rate of high phosphorus oolitic iron ore was studied. Crystallinity of hematite was characterized before and after microwave pretreatment. The results indicated that intergranular fractures formed between the gangues (fluorapatite and chamosite) and hematite after microwave treatment, leading to improved liberation of iron ore and a significant reduction in comminution energy. Percentages of fraction ≤ -0.125 mm increased from 46.6% to 59.76% with increased exposure time from 0 to 60 seconds. The heating rate of iron ore showed that microwave treatment was less efficient at smaller particle sizes for a fixed applied power density. Crystallinity of hematite increased with the microwave exposure time.

Characterization of the Gold Ore to Acquire an Optimum Degree of Liberation

Gold ore processing is often ineffective in obtaining gold metal. Various methods have been successfully developed on an industrial scale, but small-scale gold mines are often problematic. The problem of inefficiency of processing is caused by gold ore characterization and evaluation of gold ore preparation process is not implemented. In this study, the conditions of gold ore deposits have a thin thickness （vein）. These gold ore deposits have an economic value if they are developed by traditional gold mining. The objective of the research is to identify and characterize gold ore as well as to analyze the optimum condition to obtain the perfect gold mineral liberation degree. Research methods include characterization of gold ore geology, sampling for test preparation using rod mill （amalgamation）, gold mineral liberation using time variables and number of rods. After the grinding process, grain size analysis is performed with various mesh sizes, and the analysis of each fraction uses a polarization microscope. The results show that gold ore minerals are associated with pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena and gangue minerals. Gold minerals are fully liberated at a certain size. The results of this research are very useful for the gold ore grinding process to obtain an efficient gold processing.

Thorough liberation： A feminist analysis of How lfinally lost my heart

How lfinally lost my heart is a short story written by Doris Lessing, the winner of the 2007 Nobel Prize in Literature. This paper is intended to analyze this short story from the feminist perspective, and show the exact process of women＇s emotional independence as well as the writer＇s concern on women＇s thorough liberation.