As human populations become concentrated in larger,more intensely urbanized areas connected through glob-alization,the relationships of cities to their surrounding landscapes are open to social,ecological,and economic...As human populations become concentrated in larger,more intensely urbanized areas connected through glob-alization,the relationships of cities to their surrounding landscapes are open to social,ecological,and economic reinterpretation.In particular,the value of access to nature in the form of nearby undeveloped wildland to ur-ban populations implies a relatively novel type of synergistic city-region relationship.We develop a robust and replicable metric-the urban-wildland juxtaposition(UWJ)-that quantifies critical dimensions of the juxtapo-sition of the urbanicity of cities with the quantity of nearby unbuilt wildlands,based on the spatial proximity and relative intensities of these two contrasting system types.Using a distance-decay gravity model,this analysis provides documentation on the calculation of the UWJ and its component metrics,urbanicity(U)and wildland(W)and then presents U,W,and UWJ metrics for 36 urbanized areas representing all regions of the U.S.,pro-viding the basis for comparisons and analysis.We explore the potential of the metric by testing correlations with“creative class”employment and public health measures.The UWJ has implications and potential applications for demographic,economic,social,and quality-of-life trends across the U.S.and internationally.展开更多
Objective:Modifications of the Fontan operation,which are also known as total cavopulmonary connection(TCPC),are widely applied for patients with functionally univentricular hearts(FUH).Herein,we summed up the differe...Objective:Modifications of the Fontan operation,which are also known as total cavopulmonary connection(TCPC),are widely applied for patients with functionally univentricular hearts(FUH).Herein,we summed up the different surgical pathways and clinical outcomes in FUH patients with apicocaval juxtaposition(ACJ)or/and separated hepatic venous(SHV)drainage.Methods:Between January 2009 and December 2019,123 patients who undergone TCPC in our institute were included in this retrospective study.We have included 70 patients with ACJ(Group 1)and 53 patients with SHV(Group 2).Moreover,Group 2 included 17 cases combing with ACJ(32.1%).In Group 1,three different TCPC methods were conducted.While 45 cases were conducted with the extracardiac conduit-TCPC(EC-TCPC)method,24 cases used the intracardiac conduit-TCPC(IC-TCPC)method,and only one case used the lateral tunnel-TCPC(LT-TCPC).In Group 2,four TCPC methods were conducted on patients.Forty cases used the EC-TCPC-common open technique,6 cases with IC-TCPC technique,4 cases with LT-TCPC,and 3 cases with intra-extracardiac conduit-TCPC(IEC-TCPC).Results:There were 7 patients in Group 1 and 14 patients in Group 2 who required early re-operation during hospitalization(p<0.05).Postoperative mean pulmonary artery pressure(mPAP)greater than 15 mmHg emerged as a predictor for early re-operation(p<0.01)and early death(p<0.001)in univariate analysis.Conclusions:TCPC can be performed in these patients and shows beneficial results.Under the Fontan principle of connecting systemic venous to the pulmonary vasculature unimpededly,surgeons should carefully evaluate three components when choosing for the surgical technique:The distance between inferior vena cava(IVC)and the apex;the site of the vertebrae relative to the ACJ;the distance between ACJ and SHV if coexisting.However,the technique should be altered when the postoperative mPAP was greater than 15 mmHg.展开更多
The southern boundary of the Singhbhum Craton witnessed multiple orogenies that juxtaposed thin slice of granulite suite of the Rengali Province against the low-grade granite-greenstone belt of the craton along the Ee...The southern boundary of the Singhbhum Craton witnessed multiple orogenies that juxtaposed thin slice of granulite suite of the Rengali Province against the low-grade granite-greenstone belt of the craton along the EeW trending Sukinda Thrust.The strong southerly dipping mylonitic foliation within the granulites along with the prominent down-dip mineral lineation,suggest a northerly-verging thrusting.Mylonitized charnockite at the contact zone contains enclaves of mafic and ultramafic granulite,whereas granitoid gneiss contains enclaves of pelitic granulite.Mafic granulite enclaves preserve an early(S1M)foliation that formed during D1Mdeformation.This rock,along with the host charnockite,were intensely deformed by the D2Mthrusting event and resulting S2Mfoliation development in both rock suites.Geothermobarometric and pseudosection analyses show that the garnet-clinopyroxene-plagioclaseorthopyroxene-ilmenite-quartz assemblage in mafic granulite was stabilized at high-pressure and temperature conditions(10 12 kbar,860 C)and was overprinted by a fine-grained assemblage of clinopyroxene-plagioclase hornblende that developed during decompression(down to 5.5e7.5 kbar).Matrix hornblende shows incipient breakdown to garnet-clinopyroxene-quartz intergrowth due to a granulite facies reworking.A contrasting P-T history is preserved in the pelitic granulite.The peak assemblage garnet-orthopyroxene-cordierite-quartz-rutile was stabilized at w6.0 kbar,730 C which resulted from heating of the mid crust magma during the D2Mthrusting.The contrasting P-T histories could result from the tectonic juxtaposition of lower-and mid-crustal section during the D2Mevent.Evidences of an early orogenic imprint within the mafic granulite imply involvement of deep continental crust during southward growth of the Singhbhum Craton.展开更多
文摘As human populations become concentrated in larger,more intensely urbanized areas connected through glob-alization,the relationships of cities to their surrounding landscapes are open to social,ecological,and economic reinterpretation.In particular,the value of access to nature in the form of nearby undeveloped wildland to ur-ban populations implies a relatively novel type of synergistic city-region relationship.We develop a robust and replicable metric-the urban-wildland juxtaposition(UWJ)-that quantifies critical dimensions of the juxtapo-sition of the urbanicity of cities with the quantity of nearby unbuilt wildlands,based on the spatial proximity and relative intensities of these two contrasting system types.Using a distance-decay gravity model,this analysis provides documentation on the calculation of the UWJ and its component metrics,urbanicity(U)and wildland(W)and then presents U,W,and UWJ metrics for 36 urbanized areas representing all regions of the U.S.,pro-viding the basis for comparisons and analysis.We explore the potential of the metric by testing correlations with“creative class”employment and public health measures.The UWJ has implications and potential applications for demographic,economic,social,and quality-of-life trends across the U.S.and internationally.
文摘Objective:Modifications of the Fontan operation,which are also known as total cavopulmonary connection(TCPC),are widely applied for patients with functionally univentricular hearts(FUH).Herein,we summed up the different surgical pathways and clinical outcomes in FUH patients with apicocaval juxtaposition(ACJ)or/and separated hepatic venous(SHV)drainage.Methods:Between January 2009 and December 2019,123 patients who undergone TCPC in our institute were included in this retrospective study.We have included 70 patients with ACJ(Group 1)and 53 patients with SHV(Group 2).Moreover,Group 2 included 17 cases combing with ACJ(32.1%).In Group 1,three different TCPC methods were conducted.While 45 cases were conducted with the extracardiac conduit-TCPC(EC-TCPC)method,24 cases used the intracardiac conduit-TCPC(IC-TCPC)method,and only one case used the lateral tunnel-TCPC(LT-TCPC).In Group 2,four TCPC methods were conducted on patients.Forty cases used the EC-TCPC-common open technique,6 cases with IC-TCPC technique,4 cases with LT-TCPC,and 3 cases with intra-extracardiac conduit-TCPC(IEC-TCPC).Results:There were 7 patients in Group 1 and 14 patients in Group 2 who required early re-operation during hospitalization(p<0.05).Postoperative mean pulmonary artery pressure(mPAP)greater than 15 mmHg emerged as a predictor for early re-operation(p<0.01)and early death(p<0.001)in univariate analysis.Conclusions:TCPC can be performed in these patients and shows beneficial results.Under the Fontan principle of connecting systemic venous to the pulmonary vasculature unimpededly,surgeons should carefully evaluate three components when choosing for the surgical technique:The distance between inferior vena cava(IVC)and the apex;the site of the vertebrae relative to the ACJ;the distance between ACJ and SHV if coexisting.However,the technique should be altered when the postoperative mPAP was greater than 15 mmHg.
基金financial support from CSIRIndia through a major research scheme(No.24(0312)/10/EMR-II)UGC-CAS facility and the DSTFIST facility of the Department of Geology,Presidency University
文摘The southern boundary of the Singhbhum Craton witnessed multiple orogenies that juxtaposed thin slice of granulite suite of the Rengali Province against the low-grade granite-greenstone belt of the craton along the EeW trending Sukinda Thrust.The strong southerly dipping mylonitic foliation within the granulites along with the prominent down-dip mineral lineation,suggest a northerly-verging thrusting.Mylonitized charnockite at the contact zone contains enclaves of mafic and ultramafic granulite,whereas granitoid gneiss contains enclaves of pelitic granulite.Mafic granulite enclaves preserve an early(S1M)foliation that formed during D1Mdeformation.This rock,along with the host charnockite,were intensely deformed by the D2Mthrusting event and resulting S2Mfoliation development in both rock suites.Geothermobarometric and pseudosection analyses show that the garnet-clinopyroxene-plagioclaseorthopyroxene-ilmenite-quartz assemblage in mafic granulite was stabilized at high-pressure and temperature conditions(10 12 kbar,860 C)and was overprinted by a fine-grained assemblage of clinopyroxene-plagioclase hornblende that developed during decompression(down to 5.5e7.5 kbar).Matrix hornblende shows incipient breakdown to garnet-clinopyroxene-quartz intergrowth due to a granulite facies reworking.A contrasting P-T history is preserved in the pelitic granulite.The peak assemblage garnet-orthopyroxene-cordierite-quartz-rutile was stabilized at w6.0 kbar,730 C which resulted from heating of the mid crust magma during the D2Mthrusting.The contrasting P-T histories could result from the tectonic juxtaposition of lower-and mid-crustal section during the D2Mevent.Evidences of an early orogenic imprint within the mafic granulite imply involvement of deep continental crust during southward growth of the Singhbhum Craton.
