The personal pronoun is the indispensable and essential component in all languages.In modern standard Chinese,the second personal pronouns encompass two variations:the generic term "Ni" and the honorific ter...The personal pronoun is the indispensable and essential component in all languages.In modern standard Chinese,the second personal pronouns encompass two variations:the generic term "Ni" and the honorific term "Nin".No matter the speaker choose "Ni" or "Nin",it indicates the relationship between two interlocutors.This paper,based on the theories of sociolinguistics,mainly explores the pragmatic meanings of the second personal pronouns "Ni" and "Nin".The research obtain these conclusions:even if this pair of personal pronoun received the contextual constraints in the concrete utilization,but they can also derive a lot of pragmatic variations and deixis variations,the interlocutors will select distinct second personal pronouns to achieve the particular communicative goals.展开更多
Introduction: Work environments create the basis for arduous nursing work. This is what led us to research the factors of arduousness in the exercise of the health profession in North Benin, through this study. Method...Introduction: Work environments create the basis for arduous nursing work. This is what led us to research the factors of arduousness in the exercise of the health profession in North Benin, through this study. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study which focused on health professionals in the health zones of Parakou-N’dali and Tchaourou. The sampling was an exhaustive census. All health workers who had given their free and informed consent were included. The data was collected using a questionnaire. The variables studied were the factors of arduous work and socio-professional characteristics. The data collected was processed and analyzed with the Epi info 7.2.0.1 software. Results: A total of 692 were surveyed, the participation rate was 85.11% and the sex ratio (M/F) equal to 0.7. The average age was 38 years old. Nurses made up 32.66% of the sample. They were 86.42% subject to night work and 82.66% to alternating work. Overall, 70.23% worked more than 40 hours per week. Between 78.12% and 96.46% of non-specialist doctors, nurses, midwives and biomedical analysis technicians were required to work night shifts. Nurses, midwives, radiology and laboratory technicians were between 89.53% and 97.35%, organized in alternating work. In the sample, 55.20% complained about the insufficient number of work materials, 26.29% handled harmful chemical substances. Among those surveyed, 58.14% had been attacked. Conclusion: All professional categories of caregivers are subject to arduous work. Measures are needed to reverse the situation.展开更多
The Novel Interconnection Network (NIN) based on inverted-graph topology and crossbar switch is a kind of lower latency and higher throughput interconnection network. But it has a vital disadvantage, high hardware com...The Novel Interconnection Network (NIN) based on inverted-graph topology and crossbar switch is a kind of lower latency and higher throughput interconnection network. But it has a vital disadvantage, high hardware complexity. In order to reduce system hardware cost, an improved NIN (ININ) structure is proposed. As same as NIN, ININ has constant network diameter. Besides of keeping advantages of NIN, hardware cost of ININ is lower than NIN. Furthermore, we design a new deadlock-free routing algorithm for the improved NIN. Key words NIN - ININ - inverted-graph interconnection network - hardware complexity - network band-width - network throughput CLC number TP 302 Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (69873016)Biography: Li Fei (1974-), male, Ph. D candidate, research direction: architecture of interconnection network.展开更多
Objective:Nutrition practice in India has generally been confined to pen and paper with little use of algorithms and technology.Nutritionists in practice find it difficult to go beyond macronutrient analysis for dieta...Objective:Nutrition practice in India has generally been confined to pen and paper with little use of algorithms and technology.Nutritionists in practice find it difficult to go beyond macronutrient analysis for dietary intake or diet plans.Since nutrition practice requires lot of data processing,we decided to develop software to aid in these calculations and to empower nutritionist with technology enabled scientific practice using software.Method:Ntuitive software was developed by a team of nutrition experts and technologists over a period of 18 months.Data for nutrient values was sources from IFCT 2017[6],RDA’s were taken from ICMR guidelines and growth charts from IAP publications[7].Design and coding of the software was done inhouse.Ntuitive database has over 8500 recipes and packed foods and has most of the national and international cuisine items.The software module enables client/patient management,detailed profiling,recording anthropometric data and plotting on WHO and IAP growth charts,recording food allergies and medical condition.The dietary recall be it one day,three day or seven day can be easily recorded and analysis of nutrients can be obtained for the same.The software is hosted on Amazon Web Server and applied as SAAS platform for practice.Result:800 children and adults underwent analysis and consultation using Ntuitive software.All 189 micronutrients could be calculated using the software and deficiency or excess quantified when compared with RDA.Conclusion:Nutrition practice can be made easy and technology enabled keeping in mind scientific standards.This helps in data collection not just in macro nutrients,but also in micronutrients.展开更多
The selection of the second person pronouns embodies the power and solidarity relations in social communication.The paper studies"Ni/Nin"in Chinese and"Tu/Vous"in French from sociolinguistic,cultur...The selection of the second person pronouns embodies the power and solidarity relations in social communication.The paper studies"Ni/Nin"in Chinese and"Tu/Vous"in French from sociolinguistic,cultural and pragmatic perspectives by basing on"Power and Solidarity".Through the comparative study of this two pairs,not only can we observe the historical pro cess of personal pronouns,and analyze the similarities and dissimilarities of the two languages which hide behind Chinese and French cultural backgrounds,but also may further understand their pragmatic principles in various context.展开更多
Contamination of domestic water sources by the biological and physico-chemical pollutants remains a public health issue in Benin. The household water purification devices such as ceramic filters may be a solution. “F...Contamination of domestic water sources by the biological and physico-chemical pollutants remains a public health issue in Benin. The household water purification devices such as ceramic filters may be a solution. “Filtre Songha?” is a ceramic filter, accessible and easy to use, marketed in Benin. The purpose of this study is to assess the contribution of the “Filtre Songha?” in the treatment of water for domestic use in a peri-urban area in Porto-Novo (Benin). Water samples have been taken, from a collective well and from the lagoon in the 5th district of Porto-Novo. The physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters were measured before and after filtration. The results showed that the use of filters has allowed for a reduction of 97.5% for total coliform in the well water and 99.05% for water from the lagoon. The reduction is 100% for Escherichia coli and fecal streptococci in both cases. Given the low cost and the lifetime use of “filtre Songhai”, this device can be recommended to households for drinking water, particularly for children below five years old the most vulnerable to water related diseases. Research is still necessary to improve the filtration time of this device.展开更多
Introduction: Pregnancy is a critical period during which environmental factors such as nutrition can affect the optimal development of the fetus. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices in...Introduction: Pregnancy is a critical period during which environmental factors such as nutrition can affect the optimal development of the fetus. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices in food and nutrition among pregnant women in antenatal consultation at Menontin Hospital in 2021. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study including 96 pregnant women at Menontin Hospital in Cotonou. Variables including socio-anthropological data, level of knowledge of nutritional requirements and their consequences on malnutrition, and description of physical activity practices were collected using a questionnaire and data on pregnant women’s dietary practices, macronutrient consumption, and fruit and vegetable consumption were documented using a food frequency questionnaire. Results: The majority of pregnant women (88%) were unaware of their nutrient needs during pregnancy. Only 49.6% of them took at least three meals and two snacks a day, and 45% practiced less than 30 minutes of physical activity per day. The consumption of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids were respectively in the proportions of 36.5%, 50%, and 38.5%. It was also found that 48% of pregnant women did not consume fruits and vegetables daily. Conclusion: The pregnant women followed in the Mènontin area hospital had a low level of knowledge in terms of food and nutrition during pregnancy. Consequently, their attitudes and practices were unfavorable to good nutrition for both the mother and the child.展开更多
文摘The personal pronoun is the indispensable and essential component in all languages.In modern standard Chinese,the second personal pronouns encompass two variations:the generic term "Ni" and the honorific term "Nin".No matter the speaker choose "Ni" or "Nin",it indicates the relationship between two interlocutors.This paper,based on the theories of sociolinguistics,mainly explores the pragmatic meanings of the second personal pronouns "Ni" and "Nin".The research obtain these conclusions:even if this pair of personal pronoun received the contextual constraints in the concrete utilization,but they can also derive a lot of pragmatic variations and deixis variations,the interlocutors will select distinct second personal pronouns to achieve the particular communicative goals.
文摘Introduction: Work environments create the basis for arduous nursing work. This is what led us to research the factors of arduousness in the exercise of the health profession in North Benin, through this study. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study which focused on health professionals in the health zones of Parakou-N’dali and Tchaourou. The sampling was an exhaustive census. All health workers who had given their free and informed consent were included. The data was collected using a questionnaire. The variables studied were the factors of arduous work and socio-professional characteristics. The data collected was processed and analyzed with the Epi info 7.2.0.1 software. Results: A total of 692 were surveyed, the participation rate was 85.11% and the sex ratio (M/F) equal to 0.7. The average age was 38 years old. Nurses made up 32.66% of the sample. They were 86.42% subject to night work and 82.66% to alternating work. Overall, 70.23% worked more than 40 hours per week. Between 78.12% and 96.46% of non-specialist doctors, nurses, midwives and biomedical analysis technicians were required to work night shifts. Nurses, midwives, radiology and laboratory technicians were between 89.53% and 97.35%, organized in alternating work. In the sample, 55.20% complained about the insufficient number of work materials, 26.29% handled harmful chemical substances. Among those surveyed, 58.14% had been attacked. Conclusion: All professional categories of caregivers are subject to arduous work. Measures are needed to reverse the situation.
文摘The Novel Interconnection Network (NIN) based on inverted-graph topology and crossbar switch is a kind of lower latency and higher throughput interconnection network. But it has a vital disadvantage, high hardware complexity. In order to reduce system hardware cost, an improved NIN (ININ) structure is proposed. As same as NIN, ININ has constant network diameter. Besides of keeping advantages of NIN, hardware cost of ININ is lower than NIN. Furthermore, we design a new deadlock-free routing algorithm for the improved NIN. Key words NIN - ININ - inverted-graph interconnection network - hardware complexity - network band-width - network throughput CLC number TP 302 Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (69873016)Biography: Li Fei (1974-), male, Ph. D candidate, research direction: architecture of interconnection network.
文摘Objective:Nutrition practice in India has generally been confined to pen and paper with little use of algorithms and technology.Nutritionists in practice find it difficult to go beyond macronutrient analysis for dietary intake or diet plans.Since nutrition practice requires lot of data processing,we decided to develop software to aid in these calculations and to empower nutritionist with technology enabled scientific practice using software.Method:Ntuitive software was developed by a team of nutrition experts and technologists over a period of 18 months.Data for nutrient values was sources from IFCT 2017[6],RDA’s were taken from ICMR guidelines and growth charts from IAP publications[7].Design and coding of the software was done inhouse.Ntuitive database has over 8500 recipes and packed foods and has most of the national and international cuisine items.The software module enables client/patient management,detailed profiling,recording anthropometric data and plotting on WHO and IAP growth charts,recording food allergies and medical condition.The dietary recall be it one day,three day or seven day can be easily recorded and analysis of nutrients can be obtained for the same.The software is hosted on Amazon Web Server and applied as SAAS platform for practice.Result:800 children and adults underwent analysis and consultation using Ntuitive software.All 189 micronutrients could be calculated using the software and deficiency or excess quantified when compared with RDA.Conclusion:Nutrition practice can be made easy and technology enabled keeping in mind scientific standards.This helps in data collection not just in macro nutrients,but also in micronutrients.
文摘The selection of the second person pronouns embodies the power and solidarity relations in social communication.The paper studies"Ni/Nin"in Chinese and"Tu/Vous"in French from sociolinguistic,cultural and pragmatic perspectives by basing on"Power and Solidarity".Through the comparative study of this two pairs,not only can we observe the historical pro cess of personal pronouns,and analyze the similarities and dissimilarities of the two languages which hide behind Chinese and French cultural backgrounds,but also may further understand their pragmatic principles in various context.
文摘Contamination of domestic water sources by the biological and physico-chemical pollutants remains a public health issue in Benin. The household water purification devices such as ceramic filters may be a solution. “Filtre Songha?” is a ceramic filter, accessible and easy to use, marketed in Benin. The purpose of this study is to assess the contribution of the “Filtre Songha?” in the treatment of water for domestic use in a peri-urban area in Porto-Novo (Benin). Water samples have been taken, from a collective well and from the lagoon in the 5th district of Porto-Novo. The physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters were measured before and after filtration. The results showed that the use of filters has allowed for a reduction of 97.5% for total coliform in the well water and 99.05% for water from the lagoon. The reduction is 100% for Escherichia coli and fecal streptococci in both cases. Given the low cost and the lifetime use of “filtre Songhai”, this device can be recommended to households for drinking water, particularly for children below five years old the most vulnerable to water related diseases. Research is still necessary to improve the filtration time of this device.
文摘Introduction: Pregnancy is a critical period during which environmental factors such as nutrition can affect the optimal development of the fetus. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices in food and nutrition among pregnant women in antenatal consultation at Menontin Hospital in 2021. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study including 96 pregnant women at Menontin Hospital in Cotonou. Variables including socio-anthropological data, level of knowledge of nutritional requirements and their consequences on malnutrition, and description of physical activity practices were collected using a questionnaire and data on pregnant women’s dietary practices, macronutrient consumption, and fruit and vegetable consumption were documented using a food frequency questionnaire. Results: The majority of pregnant women (88%) were unaware of their nutrient needs during pregnancy. Only 49.6% of them took at least three meals and two snacks a day, and 45% practiced less than 30 minutes of physical activity per day. The consumption of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids were respectively in the proportions of 36.5%, 50%, and 38.5%. It was also found that 48% of pregnant women did not consume fruits and vegetables daily. Conclusion: The pregnant women followed in the Mènontin area hospital had a low level of knowledge in terms of food and nutrition during pregnancy. Consequently, their attitudes and practices were unfavorable to good nutrition for both the mother and the child.