The Taxonomic History and Original Literatures Arrangements of Living <i>Cephalotaxus</i>(Cephalotaxaceae)

Living Cephalotaxus (plum yews) occurs mainly in East Asia and North of Indo-China peninsula. The study of original taxonomic literatures found that, in early days, the plum yews had ever been described as palnts of Taxus (Taxaceae). Since after the genus name Cephalotaxus Sieb. & Zucc. was firstly cited (from inedited and unpublished Flora Japonica) by Endlicher in 1842, most taxonomist thought which is the earliest time of the genus Cephalotaxus Sieb. & Zucc. was set. However, the genus Cephalotaxus Sieb. & Zucc. was formally effective and valid published by Sieb. & Zucc. in Flora Japonica in 1870 so that there exists some confusions in chronological order. Originally as a genus, Cephalotaxus was included in family Taxaceae and Neger (1907) separated Cephalotaxus from Taxaceae and set family Cephalotaxaceae. Later, Fu (1984) divided Cephalotaxus up into two sections of Cephalotaxus Sieb. & Zucc. sect. Pectinatae L. K. Fu and Cephalotaxus Sieb. & Zucc. sect. Cephalotaxus L. K. Fu on the bases of C. oliveri Masters differ significantly from other taxa of Cephalotaxus in morphological characteristics. Although the plum yews was a little genus of conifers, up to now, about 77 taxa have still been published by taxonomist in different countries or regions. Among them, C. tardiva Sieb. ex Endl. (1847), C. umbraculifera Sieb. ex Endl. (1847), C. sumatrana Miq. (1856) and C. celebica Warb. (1900) have been combined to Taxus, and C. argotaenia (Hance) Pilger (1903) has been combined to Amentotaxus. And at the same time, those taxa existing in Cephalotaxus courently which were accepted by most taxonomist in different countries was also cited in acticle. Lastly, the paper thought presently there still exists many debates about binary classification of Cephalotaxus and the nomenclature of this genus still particularly confusing. Based on some controversial problems, we also point out some taxonomically researching directions at creating some order out of the chaos.

The Dialogue between Literature and History in Yeats’ Poetry — A Case Study of “Easter, 1916”

Yeats’ realistic poetry is often imprinted with the mark of its era. By means of the poetic language, Yeats expressed his profound reflection on the historic events of the time. In so doing, a dialogue has comes into existence between literature and history. This paper attempts to consider in detail how the dialogue between literature and history operates in Yeats’ realistic poem “Easter, 1916,” as a case study, under the scrutiny of the new historicist approach. Through the textual analysis of this poetic work, this paper discusses the dialogic relationship of the poem and history by elaborating on how this poetic work becomes historicized and how this historic event becomes textualized. Within this dialogue, the reciprocal relation of this poem and the contemporary society is brought under further examination. This paper argues that this poem harbors subversive force which can be articulated by the poetic text in this dialogue between literature and history. However, this subversive force will be eventually contained by the British power structure that has pervaded and dominated the Irish society. By the uprising and revolution of the Irish people, Ireland would attain to the goal of political de-Anglicization by becoming a sovereign state and with the advent of this political independence Irish literature could also achieve an independent status. However, this paper concludes that Yeats has realized the suppressed beauty of this independence because Irish literature would still have to be composed in the English language which, however, remains to be the product of the British power structure.

Ancient Myths and the Construction of Regional Literary History——The General History of Sichuan Literature

The literary study of ancient mythology is a rational and necessary prerequisite for the study of the general history of Sichuan literature in the Pre-Qin period, though it can go beyond the study of literature. Compared with other Chinese regional literatures such as Jing-Chu literature, the insufficiency of the literalization of the early Ba-Shu myth, to some extent, devalues the Ba-Shu literature in the Pre-Qin period and affects its consistence. When dealing with the influence of ancient mythology on the development of Chinese regional literature, including Sichuan literature, we need to analyze the inherent impact of regional mythology on the developing literature using a three-step process: restoring and summarizing the mythological pedigree, uncovering the “conceptual structure” of the mythology, and explaining the impact of the mythology on the developing literature. This paper uses this three-step process to construct the general history of Sichuan literature.

Exploration of Oral History in Ethnomusicological Research

Oral history,which collects historical materials by means of oral interviews,is an important auxiliary means for ethnomusicological research.Marked by the First Symposium on Oral History of Music in 2014,the academic community has launched a series of discussions and elaborations on its concepts,methods,norms,meanings,and other dimensions,and a series of academic achievements have been born.In this paper,we will combine relevant theses to explain how music oral history as contemporary history can achieve“intertextuality”in ethnomusicological research,emphasize its humanistic attributes,and summarize our reflections on the basis of existing academic experiences.

“Literature”in the 19th-Century Sinological Works:The History of a Concept

In the 19th century,the English term"literature"and its Chinese equivalent"文学"(wenxue)had their respective connotations and prehistories and did not belong to the same discursive genealogy,although the two concepts later mixed together and have since been inter-translated by scholars.This paper attempts to examine literature as an independent system of representation by analyzing historical materials of English sinology to identify their special meanings in the 19th-century English context.To ensure the wholeness of the examination,this paper divides the collected materials into three categories;annotations in English-Chinese dictionaries,denotations in works with the word"literature"in their titles,and explanations in articles and chapters(of works)with the word"literature"in their titles.Such an examination inevitably involves some key issues related to semantics,history of translation and cross-cultural studies.It is hoped that this study can help further a general understanding of the dissemination history of literature as a concept.

The History of Czech Literature in China

During a century-long time span,a remarkable array of Czech literary works had been introduced to China,marked by selections of different writers,genres,and themes.This study attempts to discuss what Czech literary works have been translated in China since its beginning in 1921.Besides the selection of texts for introduction,attention has also been given to the formats of their publication,the adoption of introduction approach,choice of intermediate languages,the numbers of different versions,and the frequency of their publication,as well as the textual and paratextual features of the end Chinese products.

从“literature journals”说开去——兼论中国现代文化产业史视域下的抗战文学期刊诸问题

从“抗战文学期刊”这一词语的英译入手,结合中国现代文化产业史这一大背景,进行抗战文学期刊的研究具有非常重要的文献性意义。抗战文学期刊除具有文学意义之外,还拥有政治史、社会史与经济史等跨学科的研究价值。以中国现代文化产业史为切入点,可以将抗战文学期刊研究推向一个新的高度。

Discussion on Chinese Ancient Literature Translation Based on the English Translation of the Book of Songs

The Book of Songs is an important part of Chinese traditional culture and enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad.This article is based on Turi’s theory of translation norms,and takes the English translation of The Book of Songs·Jing Jing by Richard Jacob and Xu Yuanchong as the research object.Comparative studies are made on the historical nature of understanding,the normativeness of translation,and the application of the fusion of horizons in the two versions of the Book of Songs.Incorporating history into translation brings the translation closer to the roots of history.The comparative research method proposed in this article can be widely used in various ancient literature studies,and has important theoretical and application values.

On Chinese Image of American Literature in the 20^(th) Century

Due to the influence and control of many factors such as geographical location and historical conditions,many of the 20thCentury American literature works portray distorted Chinese image different from reality. In American literature,China doesn't exist as a real country with a geographical location,but it exists in a virtual space in the world composed of cultural imagination. Literature is the reflected thought that can accommodate numerous social fields,and American literature can mostly reflect the overall cognition of different fields for Chinese image. This paper analyzes the characterization and cognition of Chinese image in the20thCentury American literature works,understanding the history and features of Chinese image in the 20thCentury American literature works,in order to obtain the enlightenment of how to better establish Chinese image.

重写文明史:建构中国自主知识体系的底座

中国自古便有完整的哲学体系、文论体系、史学体系、艺术体系、教育体系、医学体系、科学技术体系以及其他各个学科的自主知识体系。然而,中国原有的自主知识体系在现当代基本上不被承认。这一问题的根源在文明观,文明观是基础,是自主知识体系的底座。近现代以来支撑各学科知识生产的标准、内涵、体系都建立在西方文明的底座上。文明底座是西方的,所构建的知识体系也就必然唯西是从,直接导致了对中国文明的贬低,对中国知识体系的全盘否定,形成了中国自主知识体系整体性的垮塌,走上了自毁长城之歧途。建构中国自主知识体系,首先要“重塑文明观”,重塑文明观则必须“重写文明史”,再从文明底座上建构哲学、史学、医学、科学技术等各个学科的自主知识体系,重获各学科知识体系本来的“话语权”,向世界呈现“理论中的中国”“创新中的中国”“文明中的中国”,建构自立自强的中国自主知识体系。

跨学科视域与跨文类叙事:《哥伦比亚中国文学史》的敦煌文学书写

自19世纪末,海外汉学家开启了中国文学史的编纂工作,21世纪以来走向成熟和深化。梅维恒主编的《哥伦比亚中国文学史》2001年出版以来,引起了国内外学界的广泛讨论,该书有关敦煌文学书写的问题值得重视。通过阐述选取文献的缘由、撰写的思路以及向文学本位回归的特色,可以提炼出作者书写敦煌文学所采取的研究方法,即跨学科视域和跨文类叙事研究。考察该书的文学史观和文学史方法论,可以为国内的书写实践提供路径参考。中国文学史编纂应该立足中华文化核心价值,参与全球国际对话并构建科学的文学史理论,撰写真正内在于中国文学文化同时又融入世界潮流的文学史著述。

重写艺术史:从驱逐西方中心主义“话语幽灵”开始

作为一门学科,“艺术史”首先产生于欧洲,其艺术史观念与写作范式一直存在着根深蒂固的“西方中心主义”色彩。随着西方学术话语的全球化扩张,西方中心主义作为“艺术史书写的话语幽灵”一直或明或暗地支配着世界各国的艺术史书写。无论是“艺术史”“欧洲艺术史”“世界艺术史”还是“全球艺术史”,艺术史书写术语的翻新固然体现了世界各国艺术史学者对“人类艺术通史”书写的憧憬与努力,但并没有改变现有艺术史书写作为西方中心主义话语实践的客观事实。从“不完整的艺术史”“不平等的艺术史”到“不真实的艺术史”,西方中心主义话语幽灵让东方艺术反复辗转于“缺席的东方”“替补的东方”和“易容的东方”三种大同小异的失语状态。要完成世界艺术史的重写与重构,必须从驱逐西方中心主义“话语幽灵”开始。

从报刊角度重读香港地区文学——评赵稀方的《报刊香港:历史语境与文学场域》

赵稀方教授的《报刊香港》从报刊角度展现了香港地区百年文学风貌,深入探讨了香港地区的文学体制、文学流变、文学思潮、文学生产、文学观念等重大问题,在报刊史料的基础上完成了对于香港地区文学史的整理和定位,标志着内地地区对于香港地区文学史研究以及华文文学研究的进一步深化,在华文文学史的书写上实现了方法、理论、范式、内涵等几个方面的创新与突破。在文学史范式的更新、贯通海峡两岸暨香港地区、澳门地区的文学史与文学思潮、重建香港地区文学的主体性与特殊性、香港地区文学的史料建构、理论意义的彰显、重建冷战文化视野等方面为香港地区文学史重写打开了一个巨大的学术空间,进一步推进了华文文学学科建设的成熟与发展。

从重写文明史到重写文学史

在当今国际格局下,如何建立中国话语与自主知识体系是学界面临的一大难题。长久以来,文明话语中都存在西方中心主义的倾向,文明观输出的话语权长期掌握在西方学者手中,文明史对中国的叙述常常存在歪曲、偏离史实的问题。西方话语霸权具体体现在各学科内部,使许多人文社会学科都面临“失语”的窘境。针对这一现象,提出“重写文明史”与“重写文学史”的号召。从文明交流与互鉴的史实出发,尊重文明多元化与异质性,以实事求是的态度重写文明史,重塑文明观,进而重写学科史,重写文学史。通过反思学科话语问题,发掘传统文化中独特的话语言说方式,重新建构学科话语。用中国话语发出中国声音,共同建设文明新话语是重写文明史、重写学科史的要旨所在。

大英博物馆陈列文物中的图书馆学与文献学史料

论文介绍了2019年8月笔者参观大英博物馆各类文物展陈中关于图书馆学和文献学史料的一些心得,分为石碑文献、纸莎文献、木牍文献、古代文献与古代文字、古代文献的特别载体、经典文献展示、古代的阅读与阅读推广、中南亚与东亚文献等8个方面,并提供了相应的照片和诸多案例。

文学史上的“跨界”现象与文学史的学科边界

文学与哲学的“跨界”、文学与史学的“跨界”、文学与艺术的“跨界”,构成了文学史上三种主要的“跨界”现象,哲学史、史学史、艺术史、文学史等因而有不少共同的关注对象。在“跨界”现象的编纂处理中,文学史的学科边界以两种方式清晰地呈现出来:首先,中国文学史是否给予一个历史人物较多篇幅,依据的是其文学史地位,而不是哲学史、史学史或艺术史地位。其二,文学史面向历史上的文学活动,而哲学史、史学史、艺术史等面向历史上的哲学活动、史学活动或艺术活动,它们有不同的知识体系、不同的描述重点、不同的评价尺度。

高校图书馆口述馆史实证研究——以云南民族大学图书馆为例

文章在回顾国内口述馆史实证研究现状的基础上,以云南民族大学图书馆开展口述馆史资料收集为例,从项目发起原因、工作流程与步骤、社会效益、存在问题等维度探讨口述馆史工作,并提出规范口述馆史工作仪轨、扩大采集对象与范围、重视口述文献开发与利用、鉴证口述史料真伪、关注著作权归属、做好技术与人力保障等改进措施。

论中国文学史的著述文体

纪传体、编年体和纪事本末体,是中国古代历史著述的三种主要编写体例,也是编撰中国文学通史的三种主要文体。作为教材的中国文学通史,几乎都以纪传体写成,其主体是作家作品,也包括文体流变和文学风尚的系统梳理;它是现代教育的产物,与之相关的评价标准,也是在现代教育的背景下逐渐形成的,刘大杰《中国文学发展史》的成功,应从这个角度来加以理解。纪事本末体以《哥伦比亚中国文学史》较为典型,它以专题讲述的方式建构全书,主要包括诗、文、小说、戏曲、文学批评、民间文学等文类,开篇还有长逾十万字的基础编,是对中国文学史所赖以生长的语言和思想所作的专题分析;编年体以《剑桥中国文学史》较为典型,由时间点切入,而不是由作家作品或学术专题切入,构成其显著特点。《哥伦比亚中国文学史》《剑桥中国文学史》只是学术著作,而不是教材,其价值和得失应从这个角度来加以认识。