Music Genre Classification Using DenseNet and Data Augmentation

It can be said that the automatic classification of musical genres plays a very important role in the current digital technology world in which the creation,distribution,and enjoyment of musical works have undergone huge changes.As the number ofmusic products increases daily and themusic genres are extremely rich,storing,classifying,and searching these works manually becomes difficult,if not impossible.Automatic classification ofmusical genres will contribute to making this possible.The research presented in this paper proposes an appropriate deep learning model along with an effective data augmentation method to achieve high classification accuracy for music genre classification using Small Free Music Archive(FMA)data set.For Small FMA,it is more efficient to augment the data by generating an echo rather than pitch shifting.The research results show that the DenseNet121 model and data augmentation methods,such as noise addition and echo generation,have a classification accuracy of 98.97%for the Small FMA data set,while this data set lowered the sampling frequency to 16000 Hz.The classification accuracy of this study outperforms that of the majority of the previous results on the same Small FMA data set.

Music Genre Classification Using African Buffalo Optimization

In the discipline of Music Information Retrieval(MIR),categorizing musicfiles according to their genre is a difficult process.Music genre classifica-tion is an important multimedia research domain for classification of music data-bases.In the proposed method music genre classification using features obtained from audio data is proposed.The classification is done using features extracted from the audio data of popular online repository namely GTZAN,ISMIR 2004 and Latin Music Dataset(LMD).The features highlight the differences between different musical styles.In the proposed method,feature selection is per-formed using an African Buffalo Optimization(ABO),and the resulting features are employed to classify the audio using Back Propagation Neural Networks(BPNN),Support Vector Machine(SVM),Naïve Bayes,decision tree and kNN classifiers.Performance evaluation reveals that,ABO based feature selection strategy achieves an average accuracy of 82%with mean square error(MSE)of 0.003 when used with neural network classifier.

A Non-Parametric Scheme for Identifying Data Characteristic Based on Curve Similarity Matching

For accurately identifying the distribution charac-teristic of Gaussian-like noises in unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)state estimation,this paper proposes a non-parametric scheme based on curve similarity matching.In the framework of the pro-posed scheme,a Parzen window(kernel density estimation,KDE)method on sliding window technology is applied for roughly esti-mating the sample probability density,a precise data probability density function(PDF)model is constructed with the least square method on K-fold cross validation,and the testing result based on evaluation method is obtained based on some data characteristic analyses of curve shape,abruptness and symmetry.Some com-parison simulations with classical methods and UAV flight exper-iment shows that the proposed scheme has higher recognition accuracy than classical methods for some kinds of Gaussian-like data,which provides better reference for the design of Kalman filter(KF)in complex water environment.

Investigation on mechanical properties regulation of rock-like specimens based on 3D printing and similarity quantification

3D printing is widely adopted to quickly produce rock mass models with complex structures in batches,improving the consistency and repeatability of physical modeling.It is necessary to regulate the mechanical properties of 3D-printed specimens to make them proportionally similar to natural rocks.This study investigates mechanical properties of 3D-printed rock analogues prepared by furan resin-bonded silica sand particles.The mechanical property regulation of 3D-printed specimens is realized through quantifying its similarity to sandstone,so that analogous deformation characteristics and failure mode are acquired.Considering similarity conversion,uniaxial compressive strength,cohesion and stress–strain relationship curve of 3D-printed specimen are similar to those of sandstone.In the study ranges,the strength of 3D-printed specimen is positively correlated with the additive content,negatively correlated with the sand particle size,and first increases then decreases with the increase of curing temperature.The regulation scheme with optimal similarity quantification index,that is the sand type of 70/140,additive content of 2.5‰and curing temperature of 81.6℃,is determined for preparing 3D-printed sandstone analogues and models.The effectiveness of mechanical property regulation is proved through uniaxial compression contrast tests.This study provides a reference for preparing rock-like specimens and engineering models using 3D printing technology.

Multimodal Social Media Fake News Detection Based on Similarity Inference and Adversarial Networks

As social networks become increasingly complex, contemporary fake news often includes textual descriptionsof events accompanied by corresponding images or videos. Fake news in multiple modalities is more likely tocreate a misleading perception among users. While early research primarily focused on text-based features forfake news detection mechanisms, there has been relatively limited exploration of learning shared representationsin multimodal (text and visual) contexts. To address these limitations, this paper introduces a multimodal modelfor detecting fake news, which relies on similarity reasoning and adversarial networks. The model employsBidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers (BERT) and Text Convolutional Neural Network (Text-CNN) for extracting textual features while utilizing the pre-trained Visual Geometry Group 19-layer (VGG-19) toextract visual features. Subsequently, the model establishes similarity representations between the textual featuresextracted by Text-CNN and visual features through similarity learning and reasoning. Finally, these features arefused to enhance the accuracy of fake news detection, and adversarial networks have been employed to investigatethe relationship between fake news and events. This paper validates the proposed model using publicly availablemultimodal datasets from Weibo and Twitter. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed approachachieves superior performance on Twitter, with an accuracy of 86%, surpassing traditional unimodalmodalmodelsand existing multimodal models. In contrast, the overall better performance of our model on the Weibo datasetsurpasses the benchmark models across multiple metrics. The application of similarity reasoning and adversarialnetworks in multimodal fake news detection significantly enhances detection effectiveness in this paper. However,current research is limited to the fusion of only text and image modalities. Future research directions should aimto further integrate features fromadditionalmodalities to comprehensively represent themultifaceted informationof fake news.

Numerical Simulation of the Settling Flux of Biodeposition in a Bay with Cage Culture Through Similarity Theory and a Simplified Pollution Source

The settling flux of biodeposition affects the environmental quality of cage culture areas and determines their environmental carrying capacity.Simple and effective simulation of the settling flux of biodeposition is extremely important for determining the spatial distribution of biodeposition.Theoretically,biodeposition in cage culture areas without specific emission rules can be simplified as point source pollution.Fluent is a fluid simulation software that can simulate the dispersion of particulate matter simply and efficiently.Based on the simplification of pollution sources and bays,the settling flux of biodeposition can be easily and effectively simulated by Fluent fluid software.In the present work,the feasibility of this method was evaluated by simulation of the settling flux of biodeposition in Maniao Bay,Hainan Province,China,and 20 sampling sites were selected for determining the settling fluxes.At sampling sites P1,P2,P3,P4,P5,Z1,Z2,Z3,Z4,A1,A2,A3,A4,B1,B2,C1,C2,C3 and C4,the measured settling fluxes of biodeposition were 26.02,15.78,10.77,58.16,6.57,72.17,12.37,12.11,106.64,150.96,22.59,11.41,18.03,7.90,19.23,7.06,11.84,5.19 and 2.57 g d^(−1)m^(−2),respectively.The simulated settling fluxes of biodeposition at the corresponding sites were 16.03,23.98,8.87,46.90,4.52,104.77,16.03,8.35,180.83,213.06,39.10,17.47,20.98,9.78,23.25,7.84,15.90,6.06 and 1.65 g d^(−1)m^(−2),respectively.There was a positive correlation between the simulated settling fluxes and measured ones(R=0.94,P=2.22×10^(−9)<0.05),which implies that the spatial differentiation of biodeposition flux was well simulated.Moreover,the posterior difference ratio of the simulation was 0.38,and the small error probability was 0.94,which means that the simulated results reached an acceptable level from the perspective of relative error.Thus,if nonpoint source pollution is simplified to point source pollution and open waters are simplified based on similarity theory,the setting flux of biodeposition in the open waters can be simply and effectively simulated by the fluid simulation software Fluent.

Similarity evaluation model for the internal defect detection of strip steel

An internal defect meter is an instrument to detect the internal inclusion defects of cold-rolled strip steel.The detection accuracy of the equipment can be evaluated based on the similarity of the multiple detection data obtained for the same steel coil.Based on the cosine similarity model and eigenvalue matrix model,a comprehensive evaluation method to calculate the weighted average of similarity is proposed.Results show that the new method is consistent with and can even replace artificial evaluation to realize the automatic evaluation of strip defect detection results.

Comparative Analysis of Energy Characteristics of Two Southwest Vortices in Sichuan Under Similar Circulation Backgrounds

Based on ERA5 reanalysis data,the present study analyzed the thermal energy development mechanism and kinetic energy conversion characteristics of two extreme rainstorm processes in relation to the shallow southwest vortex in the warm-sector during a“rain-generated vortex”process and the deep southwest vortex in a“vortex-generated rain”process.The findings were as follows:(1)During the extreme rainstorm on August 11,2020(hereinafter referred to as the“8·11”process),intense surface heating and a high-energy unstable environment were observed.The mesoscale convergence system triggered convection to produce heavy rainfall,and the release of latent condensation heat generated by the rainfall promoted the formation of a southwest vortex.The significant increase(decrease)in atmospheric diabatic heating and kinetic energy preceded the increase(decrease)in vorticity.By contrast,the extreme rainstorm on August 16,2020(hereinafter referred to as the“8·16”process)involved the generation of southwest vortex in a low-energy and highhumidity environment.The dynamic uplift of the southwest vortex triggered rainfall,and the release of condensation latent heat from rainfall further strengthened the development of the southwest vortex.The significant increase(decrease)in atmospheric diabatic heating and kinetic energy exhibited a delayed progression compared to the increase(decrease)in vorticity.(2)The heating effect around the southwest vortex region was non-uniform,and the heating intensity varied in different stages.In the“8·11”process,the heating effect was the strongest in the initial stage,but weakened during the vortex's development.On the contrary,the heating effect was initially weak in the“8·16”process,and intensified during the development stage.(3)The available potential energy of the“8·11”process significantly increased in kinetic energy converted from rotational and divergent winds through baroclinic action,and the divergent wind energy continued to convert into rotational wind energy.By contrast,the“8·16”process involved the conversion of rotational wind energy into divergent wind energy,which in turn converted kinetic energy back into available potential energy,thereby impeding the further development and maintenance of the southwest vortex.

genre的含义及其汉译

genre自古希腊时期开始在多个学科里被人们研究和重视。本文讨论了自上世纪八十年代以来系统功能语言学对genre的研究,发现该术语有两个不同的含义:1.语篇的各种类型;2.某一特定语篇类型的必要组成因素。基于上述发现,论文讨论了现存对genre的翻译的不准确性。最后本文建议把第一种含义的genre译成"篇类",第二种含义的genre译成"篇格"

Analysis on the Application of Genre-based Approach to English Teaching

The awareness of applying genre in teaching and learning language has been aroused recently, and the choices of genres are connected closely with teachers' teaching goals and the needs of students. This paper which holds certain pedagogic purpose, analyzes genre-based teaching approach via an analysis on an English text book named Changes (level 1), aiming to help EFL teachers cultivate their genre awareness.

A Genre-Based Approach to the Teaching of Writing

The essay explains why the writing skill is often perceived to be the most difficult language skill to master; to what extent can a genre approach to teaching writing help students master the skill of writing compare briefly to other skills such as product approach and process approach; and introduce a new approach process-genre approach.

体裁理论研究概观——兼Understanding Genre一文述评

最近20年来,体裁理论、体裁分析以及体裁教学在我国学界呈现出方兴未艾的趋势。然而,国内的研究对新修辞学派体裁观的关注和应用仍然不足,这就不利于对专业或学术语篇进行多维度的有效分析。本期登载的丹麦哥本哈根大学Auken博士撰写的长文Understanding Genre,围绕"体裁是基于日常的情境而产生的典型性的社会行为"这一论断,阐述了该理论和实践研究最基本的六个特征。基于对该文的理解和国内研究现状,我们提出未来体裁研究的建议。

Is This a Poem or Notes Towards a Poem?——on Margaret Atwood’s Genre

文学作品的体裁按照四分法应包括诗歌、小说、散文和戏剧，就诗歌而言，可分为抒情诗和叙事诗。“注释”是否应算作文学体裁家族中的一员则很少有人去探讨。如果“注释”不能算作诗歌，那么，加拿大著名诗人玛格丽特阿特伍德的“ＮｏｔｅｓＴｏｗａｒｄｓａＰｏｅｍＴｈａｔＣａｎＮｅｖｅｒＢｅＷｒｉｔｔｅｎ”（为一首永远写不成的诗而作的注释）是否应算作诗呢？诗歌的定义又是什么呢？如果说诗歌的基本特征是通过抒发强烈的感受和情绪以反映社会生活，那么，我们应当用一分为二的分析方法来探讨阿特伍德的这些印刷符号。诗可以写不出来，但可以想象出来，甚至口头表达出来。作品中的“你们”、“我们”的关系又是什么？是作者和读者的关系吗？

The Application Study on Genre-based Approach in the English Exposition Writing Teaching for Professional College English Major Students

The previous studies show that the major problems faced by the students in writing can be classified into two categories, that is, they don't know"what to write"and"how to write". The researchers found that the specific problems existing in their writings are identified as poor content, incomplete generic structure and misuse of cohesive devices. Therefore, on the basis of the previous studies, this study attempts to use Martin's genre theory to resolve the existed problems of the Professional College English major's students in writing and enhance students' discourse writing ability. Meanwhile, this study tries to answer the following questions:(1) Compared with the traditional writing teaching methods, whether the genre-based writing method has a significant effect to improve students' writing skills;(2) Whether the genre-based writing method is possible to increase students' interest in writing. The experimental result and the questionnaire show that genre-based approach in ESL writing teaching really can improve students' writing achievement and enhance students' interest in English writing.

Genre Analysis of Book Review

Schema theory is the first one to explain the process of reading comprehension theory,thus it has a great influence onthe reading teaching.This paper,with a brief introduction of schema theory,and based on the schema mechanism analysis,puts for-ward its application in the China English reading teaching strategies.

A Genre——based Analysis of English Refusal Letters

The present study analyzes ten English refusal letters of two subcategories based on Swales' genre analysis model and finds that difference exists in the generic features of the two subcategorized types. Teachers should reveal the underlying rationale behind linguistic features of a specific genre so that students can not only identify genre but also apply it appropriately.

A Contrastive Genre Analysis of Chinese and American University Admission Brochures

This study mainly uses the move and step analysis to conduct a contrastive genre analysis on the selected 20 Chinese ad-mission brochures(CABs) and 20 American admission brochures(AABs).Differences in moves,move sequences and step arrange-ments have revealed themselves in this comparison.Firstly,Chinese university admission brochures cast more focus on basic infor-mation about the university,the application procedure and admission criteria,while American universities,besides offering such in-formation,also emphasize the promotional function of the admission brochures.They use appealing and creative moves to commer-cially‘sell'advantages of the university to the potential applicants.Secondly,based on Kress & van Leeuwen's visual grammarsymbolic meaning,images and colors in admission brochures are also explored and analyzed as language.For one thing,after count-ing the frequency of the four categories of images,namely portrait,campus scenery,campus life pictures and graphs,it is foundthat,compared with CABs,AABs have a highly more obvious tendency in using images.The images are used as an effective tool toincrease the sense of credibility,identity-recognition,attract reader's attention,and help understanding,making the facts and in-formation more intuitive.For another thing,the main colors used in the brochures are yet another noticeable feature.Especially inAmerican brochures,universities tend to use their‘traditional colors' in the brochure to achieve a sense of consistency.Some Chi-nese brochures also follow this promotional strategy,yet a large percentage of them do not use any recognizable colors other thanthe printed black and white.Based on these differences,suggestions are put forward from perspectives including choice of movesand steps to improve the quality of CABs,hopefully raising their acceptance in the international level.

Instructing Mini-saga with Process Genre Approach in Chinese College EFL Writing

Mini-saga, a brand-new writing genre, is a short story with exactly 50 words, which can be instructed with process genre approach in Chinese college EFL writing classes. Process genre approach emphasizes both the knowledge of context, especially the purpose for writing and skills in using language. Guided by the approach, students need to consider how to achieve certain social purposes in context with appropriate language and structure while composing mini-sagas. Detailed instruction procedures can be designed to instruct students to work out mini-sagas, which can arouse their interest and motivation in English writing, encourage their writing innovation and originality, develop their writing skills, and dig their writing potentials.

An application of Genre-based Teaching Approaches into the teaching of English reading and writing

There are several teaching approaches being used to instruct the reading and writing teaching, such as the product approach, the process approach and the genre approach. In a long period, the product approach and the process approach dominate the field of writing teaching. With the development of genre and genre-analysis theory, we begin to realize that genre-based approach is effective in improving students ’ reading comprehension and writing. Based on the analysis of the theory and on the present situations of college English teaching and personal teaching experience, the genre-based teaching approach is introduced to the writing and reading comprehension teaching.

“气”与“理”:中西方“体”与“genre”的对比研究——以《文心雕龙》和《诗学》为例

为了明晰中国古代的“体”与西方的“genre”之间的异同。本文以《文心雕龙》与《诗学》为研究对象,以刘勰和亚里士多德为代表的中西方“体”与“genre”进行比较分析。按其基本内涵与意义指涉:“体”与“genre”同时呈现出对“体裁”之意的强调,中国“体”要比西方“genre”的意义指涉宽泛,前者广涉“文章”、“风格”之意,后者则反复强调“文体”之内涵的重要性。在美学趣味与文艺取向上:中国“体”特别强调作者之“性”的气质美、感性美,重视主体之源,而西方“genre”则侧重于对形式的突显,对主观与客观的协调中突出了理性的重要。