Progress on Transition Metal Ions Dissolution Suppression Strategies in Prussian Blue Analogs for Aqueous Sodium-/Potassium-Ion Batteries

Aqueous sodium-ion batteries(ASIBs)and aqueous potassium-ion batteries(APIBs)present significant potential for large-scale energy storage due to their cost-effectiveness,safety,and environmental compatibility.Nonetheless,the intricate energy storage mechanisms in aqueous electrolytes place stringent require-ments on the host materials.Prussian blue analogs(PBAs),with their open three-dimensional framework and facile synthesis,stand out as leading candidates for aqueous energy storage.However,PBAs possess a swift capacity fade and limited cycle longevity,for their structural integrity is compromised by the pronounced dis-solution of transition metal(TM)ions in the aqueous milieu.This manuscript provides an exhaustive review of the recent advancements concerning PBAs in ASIBs and APIBs.The dissolution mechanisms of TM ions in PBAs,informed by their structural attributes and redox processes,are thoroughly examined.Moreover,this study delves into innovative design tactics to alleviate the dissolution issue of TM ions.In conclusion,the paper consolidates various strategies for suppressing the dissolution of TM ions in PBAs and posits avenues for prospective exploration of high-safety aqueous sodium-/potassium-ion batteries.

Transitions of Normal Universities and Strategies of Talents Cultivation

Transitions of normal universities in our country are inexorable trends with the development of the times. In this process, normal universities should actively reform models of talents cultivation, establish teachers＇ profession with distinguishing features, construct new strategies of talents cultivation so as to improve all-round capacities of normal universities in running schools.

Productive functional evolution of rural settlements:analysis of livelihood strategy and land use transition in eastern China

In China, rural settlements are usually multifunctional complex of natural societies and they also play important productive function. This study explored the spatiotemporal evolution of the productive function of three rural settlements, i.e.,Hetaoyuan, Dawengshan, and Gaoqiao, in the Yimeng Mountain in Shandong province of eastern China.Residents lived in this three types of rural settlements were all involved in agricultural production(i.e., grain threshing, drying and storage), which had remained dominant in Hetaoyuan. Dawengshan became an industrial-oriented settlement, while Gaoqiao became a commercial-oriented settlement. This evolution was reflected in the livelihood strategy changes of rural households and the transition of rural settlements changes. The choice of livelihood strategy was affected by the livelihood assets and policies, which resulted in the spatiotemporal evolution of the productive function of rural settlements. This study can provide references for the implementation and adjustment of rural residential land consolidation policies and the improvement of production and the quality of rural life in future.

Application of Variable Strategies in the Low-cost and Energy-saving Rural Residences in Transitional Areas

Changeful and complex rural family structure and climatic features of transitional areas in China make the application of variable strategy in energy-saving rural residence designs possible.Aiming at the low cost,several effective and reasonable variable strategies were proposed for the design of interior spaces,main bedroom,sunshine room,staircase,west wall,door and window design to satisfy changing structure of a family during different periods and their different thermo-technical requirements in winter and summer.In this way,thermal comfort of rural indoor spaces will be improved,more energy saved,useful experience and thoughts provided for the energy-saving residence design in cold regions and regions hot in summer and cold in winter.

Control of sudden transition between classical and quantum correlations of two strongly driven atoms in dissipative cavities

We investigate analytically the dynamics of classical and quantum correlations between two strongly driven atoms, each of which is trapped inside a dissipative cavity. It is found that there exists a finite time interval during which the quantum discord initially prepared in the X-type states is not destroyed by the decay of the cavities. The sudden transition between classical correlation and quantum discord is sensitive to the initial-state parameter, the cavity decay rate, and the cavity mode-driving field detuning. Interestingly, we show that the transition time can be prolonged significantly by increasing the degree of the detuning.

“Transition States” Testing America's Global Strategy

Elexible variety has all along been a hallmark of America’s global strategy withdifferentiated treatment for specific nations. In the new century, Washingtondivides the major world forces into four categories in light of a comprehensive crite-rion of whether they have been fused into the international system, are going to-ward democracy or benefit world stability. They include: insiders or allies (Europeand Japan), marginalized ones (some underdeveloped African nations), outsidersor "rogues" (Iraq, North Korea) and finally, travelers on the way or "transitionstates". Interpretations by U.S. strategic reports define the "transition states"

Strategies of Transition to IPv6

The paper briefly describes the necessity of introducing IPv6 into networks and the fact that IPv4 and IPv6 will coexist in operators' networks for a long time. It also introduces Dual Stack, Tunneling and Translation technologies for the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 and their coexistence. Moreover, it makes a brief analysis of transition strategies of operators' networks to IPv6 networks.

Design Strategy of Highway Speed Transition Section

In this paper,combined with the relevant speed theory and characteristics of the law,the current highway speed transition design problems are studied and analyzed.In the process of specific analysis,mainly combined with the characteristics of different types of highway speed changes and road section design requirements,this paper studies and analyzes the design methods of different types of highway speed transition section.And on this basis,according to the design principles and requirements of highway operation speed transition section,the paper summarizes the matters needing attention in the design of highway operation speed transition section,in order to provide certain reference value for relevant personnel.

Estimation method for a skip-stop operation strategy for urban rail transit in China

The skip-stop operation strategy （SOS） is rarely applied to Chinese urban rail transit networks because it is a simple scheme and a less universally popular transportation service. However, the SOS has performance advantages, in that the total trip time can be reduced depending on the number of skipped stations, crowds of passengers can be rapidly evacuated at congested stations in peak periods, and the cost to transit companies is reduced. There is a contradiction between reducing the trip time under the SOS and increasing the passengers＇ waiting times under an all-stop scheme. Given this situation, the three objectives of our study were to minimize the waiting and trip times of all passengers and the travel times of trains. A comprehensive estimation model is presented for the SOS. The mechanism through which the trip time for all passengers is affected by the SOS is analyzed in detail. A 0-I integer programming formulation is established for the three objectives, and is solved using a tabu search algorithm. Finally, an example is presented to demonstrate that the estimation method for the SOS is capable of optimizing the timetable and operation schemes for a Chinese urban rail transit network.

Engineering transition metal-based nanomaterials for high-performance electrocatalysis

Transition metal(TM)based electrocatalysts attract increasing attention in energy conversion reactions,and current effects focus on material engineering strategies to tailor physicochemical properties of TM based electrocatalysts for improved performance.This review provides a summary about the recent advances of engineering TM based nanomaterials for electrocatalytic reactions,which include hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),CO2 reduction reaction(CO2RR),and nitrate reduction reaction(NO3RR).We highlight four engineering strategies,namely,size engineering,facet engineering,composition engineering,and crystal structure engineering for TM based electrocatalysts,and pay a special emphasis on exploring the relationship between their physicochemical properties and catalytic activities.We outline the opportunities in this research field,in particular,the strategy of rationally combining in-situ and operando techniques and theoretical predication to design efficient electrocatalysts.Finally,issues that deserve attention and consideration for practical applications are discussed.

Boundedness and liveness enforcement for labeled Petri nets using transition priority

This paper deals with the supervisory control problem of discrete event systems modeled by labeled Petri nets. The system is originally unbounded. First, the solvability of the problem is confirmed. A necessary condition is given and proven for the existence of a feasible priority-based controller based on the notions of liveness and transition invariants. Next, a cyclic behavior graph is constructed, which shows the reachable markings that guarantee the maximum liveness of the system within a given bound vector. Finally, an on-line control strategy is proposed to enforce boundedness and liveness to the given system by appending priority relations to transitions. The dynamic priority relation changes flexibly according to the current state of the system and enforces the system evolving in a bounded and live manner. In addition, numerical examples are studied to verify the validity of the proposed approach that remains the structure of the plant net and is efficient for on-line control.

Design Strategy of Underground Space of Urban Rail Transit Complex Based on Integration Concept

With the accelerated development and utilization of urban underground space,the underground space design of complex based on rail transit has attracted much attention.By sorting out the integration concept and constructing the logical framework of integrated design,the integrated design strategy is proposed from the aspects of function,transportation,space and environment on the urban scale,and the evaluation points of integrated design effect are put forward from the aspects of accessibility,coordination,openness and symbolism.

China＇s Industrial Transition and Upgrade to Sustainable Growth Model

China＇s transition to sustainable growth model in the coming years depends on the ability of its industrial sector to adapt and innovate. In the llth Five-Year Plan period, China entered the intermediate stage of industrialization and crossed the threshold to become a middle-income country. China＇s current industrial structure, therefore, which is still characteristic of early-stage industrialization, must transition to support intermediate and advanced industrialization. Although resource constraints will pose certain hurdles for this transition, the pressure of these constraints will ultimately serve to catalyze, rather than impede, sustainable industrial growth. Furthermore, industrial transition and upgrade will mean not only changes for the nation＇s industrial structure as a whole but also rethinking the strategic possibilities and direction of industry at the enterprise level. The key to success rests on China＇s ability to improve indigenous development and boost competitive advantage in international markets through the use of new, advanced technologies.

Advances in doping strategies for sodium transition metal oxides cathodes:A review

The electrochemistry of cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries differs significantly from lithium-ion batteries and offers distinct advantages.Overall,the progress of commercializing sodium-ion batteries is currently impeded by the inherent inefficiencies exhibited by these cathode materials,which include insufficient conductivity,slow kinetics,and substantial volume changes throughout the process of intercalation and deintercalation cycles.Consequently,numerous methodologies have been utilized to tackle these challenges,encompassing structural modulation,surface modification,and elemental doping.This paper aims to highlight fundamental principles and strategies for the development of sodium transition metal oxide cathodes.Specifically,it emphasizes the role of various elemental doping techniques in initiating anionic redox reactions,improving cathode stability,and enhancing the operational voltage of these cathodes,aiming to provide readers with novel perspectives on the design of sodium metal oxide cathodes through the doping approach,as well as address the current obstacles that can be overcome/alleviated through these dopant strategies.

Alloy strategy to synthesize Pt-early transition metal oxide interfacial catalysts

Metal oxide supported metal catalysts show promising catalytic performance in many industry-relevant reactions.However,the enhancement of performance is often limited by the insufficient metal/metal oxide interface.In this work,we demonstrate a general synthesis of Pt-early transition metal oxide(Pt-MO_(x),M=Ti,Zr,V,and Y)catalysts with rich interfacial sites,which is based on the air-induced surface segregation and oxidation of M in the supported Pt-M alloy catalysts.Systematic characterizations verify the dynamic structural response of Pt-M alloy catalysts to air and the formation of Pt-MO_(x) catalysts with abundant interfacial sites.The prepared Pt-TiO_(x) interfacial catalysts exhibit improved performance in hydrogenation reactions of benzaldehyde,nitrobenzene,styrene,and furfural,as a result of the heterolytic dissociation of H_(2) at Pt-metal oxide interfacial sites.

Comparison of stratospheric evolution during the major sudden stratospheric warming events in 2018 and 2019

Using Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications,Version 2(MERRA-2)data in the northern hemisphere at the 10 hPa level,we compared the stratospheric evolution of temperature and geopotential height during two major sudden stratosphere warming events(SSWs)that occurred in the Arctic winter of 2018 and 2019.In the prewarming period,poleward temperature-enhanced regions were mainly located around 120°E with a displaced vortex and around 120°E and 60°W with splitting vortices.The evolution of geopotential height indicated that these temperature-enhanced regions were both on the western side of high-latitude anticyclones.In the postwarming period,the polar vortex turned from splitting to displacement in the 2018 SSW but from displacement to splitting in the 2019 SSW.Both transitions were observed over the Atlantic region,which may have been caused by anticyclones moving through the polar region.Our findings revealed that the evolution of the anticyclone is important during SSWs and is closely related to temperature-enhanced regions in the prewarming periods and to transitions of the polar vortices in postwarming periods.

Electrocatalytic oxygen evolution activities of metal chalcogenides and phosphides:Fundamentals,origins,and future strategies

The development of inexpensive and efficient electrocatalysts is key to commercializing energy-related electrocatalytic techniques such as water electrolyzers and metal-air batteries.In particular,novel oxygen evolution reaction(OER)pre-catalysts,such as transition metal chalcogenides(TMCs)and phosphides(TMPs),have evolved in recent years from traditional stable OER electrocatalysts,which show superior OER electrocatalytic performance compared with transition metal oxides(TMOs)or(oxy)hydroxides(TMOHs).In this feature article,we summarize recent advances in the development of TMCand TMP-based OER electrocatalysts,as well as approaches to improve the OER performance in terms of morphology,structure,composition,surface engineering,lattice-strained and in-situ transformation in the electrolysis process.In particular,the electrochemical stability of TMCs and TMPs in alkaline electrolytes and the evolution of morphology,structure and composition under OER conditions are discussed.In the last section,we discuss the challenges that need to be addressed in this specific area of research and the implications for further research.

Simultaneous optimization of transit network and public bicycle station network

The traditional manner to design public transportation system is to sequentially design the transit network and public bicycle network. A new public transportation system design problem that simultaneously considers both bus network design and public bicycle network design is proposed. The chemical reaction optimization(CRO) is designed to solve the problem. A shortcoming of CRO is that, when the two-molecule collisions take place, the molecules are randomly picked from the container.Hence, we improve CRO by employing different mating strategies. The computational results confirm the benefits of the mating strategies. Numerical experiments are conducted on the Sioux-Falls network. A comparison with the traditional sequential modeling framework indicates that the proposed approach has a better performance and is more robust. The practical applicability of the approach is proved by employing a real size network.

ESP教学理念下大学英语教师角色转换与发展路径

专门用途英语(English for Specific Purpose,简称ESP)是大学英语教学改革的主要发展方向。ESP教学,师资是关键,大学英语教师的专业素质和专业发展已成为决定ESP教学成败的重要因素。文章以ESP教学理念为依托,探讨大学英语教师向ESP教师转型过程中的角色定位。在ESP教学理念指导下,大学英语教师在教学中扮演着教学的动态需求分析者、具备英语知识和跨专业知识的教学者、以学生为中心的课程设计者和精通ESP教学评估的研究者等多元化角色。以角色转换为基础,文章还提出通过自我发展途径、合作发展途径和校本培训途径来调整和优化大学英语教师发展路径,以完善大学英语教师知识结构,为实现其职业的专业化发展指明方向。

突发公共事件背景下农产品供应链中断风险应对策略

21世纪突发公共事件频发,农产品供应链中断风险时有发生,严重影响我国经济建设。文章从生产、物流、销售与消费4个环节,对农产品存在的供应链中断风险进行分析,并提出应对策略,为政府解决农产品供应链中断风险提供一定的意见。